• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.413-422
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• 2018

Soybean transgenic plants with ectopically expressed AtABF3 were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and investigated the effects of AtABF3 expression on drought and salt tolerance. Stable Agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation was carried based on the half-seed method (Paz et al. 2006). The integration of the transgene was confirmed from the genomic DNA of transformed soybean plants using PCR and the copy number of transgene was determined by Southern blotting using leaf samples from $T_2$ seedlings. In addition to genomic integration, the expression of the transgenes was analyzed by RT-PCR and most of the transgenic lines expressed the transgenes introduced. The chosen two transgenic lines (line #2 and #9) for further experiment showed the substantial drought stress tolerance by surviving even at the end of the 20-day of drought treatment. And the positive relationship between the levels of AtABF3 gene expression and drought-tolerance was confirmed by qRT-PCR and drought tolerance test. The stronger drought tolerance of transgenic lines seemed to be resulted from physiological changes. Transgenic lines #2 and #9 showed ion leakage at a significantly lower level (P < 0.01) than ${\underline{n}}on-{\underline{t}}ransgenic$ (NT) control. In addition, the chlorophyll contents of the leaves of transgenic lines were significantly higher (P < 0.01). The results indicated that their enhanced drought tolerance was due to the prevention of cell membrane damage and maintenance of chlorophyll content. Water loss by transpiration also slowly proceeded in transgenic plants. In microscopic observation, higher stomata closure was confirmed in transgenic lines. Especially, line #9 had 56% of completely closed stomata whereas only 16% were completely open. In subsequent salt tolerance test, the apparently enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic lines was measured in ion leakage rate and chlorophyll contents. Finally, the agronomic characteristics of ectopically expressed AtABF3 transgenic plants ($T_2$) compared to NT plants under regular watering (every 4 days) or low rate of watering condition (every 10 days) was investigated. When watered regularly, the plant height of drought-tolerant line (#9) was shorter than NT plants. However, under the drought condition, total seed weight of line #9 was significantly higher than in NT plants (P < 0.01). Moreover, the pods of NT plants showed severe withering, and most of the pods failed to set normal seeds. All the evidences in the study clearly suggested that overexpression of the AtABF3 gene conferred drought and salt tolerance in major crop soybean, especially under the growth condition of low watering.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 2004

In an effort to optimize tissue culture responses of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum Lam.) for future genetic manipulations to improve forage characteristics, the effects of culture medium supplements on tissue culture responses were investigated with mature seeds of three cultivars, 'Jeanne', 'Florida-80' and 'Metro', as explant tissues. For all explants, MS medium containing 5mg/L 2,4-D was optimal for embryogenic callus induction from mature seed and had a strong effect on successive plant regeneration. The optimal concentration of dicamba for the induction of embryogenic callus from mature seeds was 7mg/L. The highest plant regeneration frequency was observed when embryogenic callus was transferred to N6 medium supplemented with 1mg/L 2,4-D and 5mg/L BA. Plant regeneration frequency of callus cultured in the dark was higher than that of cultured in the light. Casein hydrolysate and L-proline improved both in embryogenic callus induction from mature seeds and plant regeneration. High-frequency regeneration system established in this study will be useful for molecular breeding of Italian ryegrass through genetic transformation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2012

Eupatilin, one of representative medical components of mugwort, can be efficiently extracted from the 'Gangwha Sajabalssuk'. The Eupatilin content may depend on environmental factors such as soil and regional climate in addition to a genetic factor and Gangwha region has a profitable environmental condition for the mugwort growth. In this study, the climatological characteristics of Gangwha was analyzed in order to find the environmental condition of mugwort containing high Eupatilin in term of atmospheric, oceanographic and land variables. The climate of Gangwha is characterized by the relatively low daily temperature and large diurnal variation with plenty of solar radiation, long sunshine duration and less cloudiness. According to our correlation analysis, the long sunshine duration and the large diurnal temperature variation are highly correlated with the Eupatilin contents. The result implies that Gangwha has the favorable conditions for the cultivation and the habitat of the high-Eupatilin concentrated mugwort. Because of the sea surrounding Gangwha Island with low salinity and moderate wind, the salt contained in sea breeze is relatively low compared to other regions. Furthermore, Gangwha has clean atmospheric environment compared to other regions because the concentrations of toxic gases harmful to crop growth such as nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$), sulfite gas ($SO_2$) and fine dust (PM-10) are lower in the air. The ozone ($O_3$) concentration is moderate and within the level of natural production. It is also found that moderately coarse texture or fine loamy soils known as good for water drainage and for the growth and cultivation of the 'Gangwha-mugwort' are distributed throughout the areas around mountainous districts in Gangwha, coinciding with those of mugwort habitat.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

Up to date, the majority research on the major landscape elements in organic farming has been mainly focused on the practice of seeking efficiency. The problem is that this type of study contributes to polluting the agricultural environment and damaging the ecological circulation system. As an alternative, there is a growing body of research on organic farming, but it is not widely applied that research on how to manage the landscape considering the scenic characteristics of farming villages practicing organic farming. Therefore, this study was carried out in the conservative aspects of rural landscapes in order to effectively manage the landscape of organic agriculture and, intended to be used to maintain and preserve natural and ecologically harmonious landscapes by deriving management methods suitable for landscape elements targeting the major landscape elements of the organic farming complex. To carry out, this study performed the experts survey which is composed of 13 major landscape elements, including rice paddies and fields, monoculture and diverse crops, dirt roads, windbreak trees, accent planting, dum-bung(small pond), natural small river, natural waterways, plastic film houses, one-storied houses, and pavilion. As a result, Farm land was formed in a square shape, concentrated in an independent space, planted companion plants around the crop, and covered with plants to manage the borders. As for the surrounding environment, it was analyzed that the aspart road system circulating through the village, the evergreen broad-leaved windbreak forest around the cultivated land, and the accent plant located at the entrance of the village were suitable. The hydrological environment consists of Round small pond made of stone in an open space, natural rivers around the village, and natural channels around the farmland, and The Major facilities are suitable for greenhouses that are shielded by plants in independent regions, and wooden duck houses located inside the cultivation area are suitable and The settlement facilities were analyzed to be suitable for single-story brick houses located in independent residential areas, pavilion located with greenery in the center of the village, and educational spaces shielded with wood from arable land. If supplementary evaluation criteria suitable for the management of organic farming landscape are additionally supplemented based on the results derived from this study, It is expected to enhance the landscape value of ecologically superior organic farming.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.95-98
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• 2010

One interesting parasitic forming fungus, being grown on the eggs of Phallus impudicus was collected from Mulchajoreum and on woods of Saryeoni in Jeju island. This taxon identified as a Podostroma solmsii (E. Fisch.) S. Imai f. octospora Yoshim. Doi (Hyporeaceae) based on morphological characteristics. According to the interpretation of Doi(1978), this taxon hsving the stipitate, genus Podostroma, family Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota was identified as Podostroma solmsi f. octospora and its korean common name designated by authors. This species is characterized in having the fusiforme to ellipsoidal, unicellular and warted ascospores without septate and with blunt apiculus at each end and mycoparasitic habitat. Although there is some mycologists suggest that this taxon having above characters needs to be derived from Hypomyces. But authors are primarily going to record this species as a named "Podostroma solmsii (E. Fisch.) S. Imai f. octospora Yoshim. Doi" for the fungus flora of Korea. In a future, it is need in detail to compare their DNA sequencing data on the type species and some related species. All collections cited here are deposited in the Herbarium Conservation Center of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2008

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of application rate of anaerobically digested pig slurry on the growth of Chinese cabbage and the outflow characteristics of N and P from leaching and runoff in the upland. Anaerobically digested pig slurry(ADPS) was applied rates of 0, 6, 12, and $18L\;pot^{-1}$, and Chinese cabbages were grown for 50 days. Dry matter yield of Chinese cabbage increased significantly at the rates of 6 and $12L\;pot^{-1}$, but decreased at the rate of $18L\;pot^{-1}$ due probably to the high salinity. The EC(1:5) of the soil receiving $18L\;pot^{-1}$ of anaerobically digested pig slurry was $0.28dS\;m^{-1}$, which was significantly higher than those receiving 6 and $12L\;pot^{-1}$ of anaerobically digested pig slurry. For the leachate and runoff, N and P concentration increased with the application rate of ADPS. Therefore, considering the dual goal of optimum crop growth and minimal discharge of non-point pollution sources to water system, this study suggests that a testing of a site-specific proper application rate of liquid pig slurry including ADPS is prerequisite to achieving optimum agricultural productivity while minimizing water quality degradatio.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.174-177
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• 2020

This study sought to determine the optimal mixing ratio of Korean cultivated Artemisia annua for production of functional oyster mushrooms. After 23 days of cultivation, mycelial growth was 12.7 cm in medium supplemented with 5% A. annua and 12.5 cm in control. Mycelial growth progressively slowed with the addition of A. annua, with barely any growth (2.1 cm) in the presence of 70% A. annua. Mycelial density was high density without significant difference between treatments. The pileus diameter was greater in the presence of A. annua than in the control, but the pileus thickness was only slightly higher compared to the control. The stipes thickness was greatest for 15% A. annua, and the length of stipes was longest at 10% A. annua, but was lower than the value of the control. The L value of the fruiting zone was highest 10% firewood, and the L value of freshwater was highest at 5% A. annua. The fruiting body yield was highest to (122 g/850 ml) in medium supplemented with 5% A. annua but markedly decreased at higher levels of A. annua.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2011

In order to improve forage characteristics of Italian ryegrass by genetic transformation, an efficient callus induction from mature seed and optimal plant regeneration system were established using a domestic cultivar 'Kospeed'. Addition of 5 mg/L of 2,4-D showed highest frequency of embryogenic callus induction from mature seeds. N6 medium showed higher frequency of both callus induction and plant regeneration as compared with MS and SH medium. The highest plant regeneration frequency 67% was obtained when embryogenic calli were transferred to N6 medium containing 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 5 mg/L BA. Supplementation of regeneration medium with sucrose at 30 g/L level maximized regeneration frequency as compared to the other concentrations. These data would be very helpful for molecular breeding of domestic Italian ryegrass cultivar through genetic transformation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2004

To investigate the effect of charcoal on the physico-chemical characteristics in the growing media and the growth of oriental melon, six treatment, 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% charcoal, were added into the growing media, Baroker. The value of pH in the charcoal contained growing media (CGM) was recorded higher and further increased by raising the charcoal ratio and by growing period. In 20% CGM, the range of pH was adequate to grow crop as 5.2${\sim}$5.8. Contents of Ca and K in CGM increased by raising the ratio of charcoal, while contents of Mg and Na decreased. The growth of oriental melon seedlings in 20% and 30% CGM was better than in other treatments, in terms of fresh and dry weight of shoot, plant height, leaf area, lear width and relative growth rate. Both the physico-chemical properties of growing media and the growth of oriental melon seedlings were changed by the addition of charcoal. These results suggest that charcoal can be used as mixing material with other potting media for producing the seedling of good quality.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.722-726
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• 2011

The management standard on soil conditions in 'Fuji' apple to produce high quality fruit were not yet made. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the optimum soil environmental conditions of ten contents on production of high quality fruit in 'Fuji' apple. The soil and fruit characteristics were analyzed at total 60 orchards in major apple producing areas such as Chungju, Moonkyeung, yeongju, andong, yeosan and yeongcheon (10 orchards an area). The soil environmental factors affected fruit weight was highest relative contribution in saturated hydraulic conductivity of 36.5%. The bulk density and soil pH were low as relative contribution. The fruit weight was influenced by soil physical properties more than soil chemical properties. The soil environmental factors affected sugar content were hydraulic conductivity of 28.3% and organic matter content of 18.2%. The cultivation layer depth and soil pH were low as relative contribution. The fruit coloring was highest relative contribution in saturated hydraulic conductivity 55.9%. while soil pH, cation and soil texture were low. Fruit coloring was high influenced over 70% by soil physical properties. Finally, relative contribution on fruit quality related with sugar content, fruit weight, and coloring were high influenced by saturated hydraulic conductivity of 21.% and organic matter content of 18.7% but bulk density and cultivation layer depth were low relative contribution. The fruit growth and saturated hydraulic conductivity in 'Fuji' apple were very closely related. Therefore, orchard soil management to produce high quality fruit was very importance drainage management and organic matter application. We concluded that scientific soil management is possible by qualifiable of soil management factors.