• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.203-206
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• 2013

Statistics is the science of data. As the foundation of scientific knowledge, data refers to evidentiary facts from the nature of reality by human action, observation, or experiment. Clinicians should be aware of the conditions of good data to support the validity of clinical modalities in reading scientific articles, one of the resources to revise or update their clinical knowledge and skills. The cause-effect link between clinical modality and outcome is ascertained as pattern statistic. The uniformity of nature guarantees the recurrence of data as the basic scientific evidence. Variation statistics are examined for patterns of recurrence. This provides information on the probability of recurrence of the cause-effect phenomenon. Multiple causal factors of natural phenomenon need a counterproof of absence in terms of the control group. A pattern of relation between a causal factor and an effect becomes recognizable, and thus, should be estimated as relation statistic. The type and meaning of each relation statistic should be well-understood. A study regarding a sample from the population of wide variations require clinicians to be aware of error statistics due to random chance. Incomplete human sense, coarse measurement instrument, and preconceived idea as a hypothesis that tends to bias the research, which gives rise to the necessity of keen critical independent mind with regard to the reported data.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.34-50
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• 2018

Purpose : This study aimed to clarify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of forensic nursing competency. Method : Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis was used to analyze twenty nine articles on forensic nursing based on a systematic review of theology, medicine, psychology, and nursing literature. Results : Forensic nursing competency consists of the following seven attributes: awareness of the medico-legal problem, multidisciplinary integrated knowledge, education and training in forensic science, professional career development, evidence based practice in forensic nursing, collaborative forensic nursing with community partner, safety and security effective communication, and supportive relationships. Finally, we could explain the consequences of forensic nursing competency on knowledge construction in nursing, enhancing professional nursing, and establishing a human rights and social justice based approach. The antecedents of forensic nursing competency were forensic science interest, forensic science experience, and nurses' view of person in forensic-works. Conclusion : Based on these results, we recommend the development of a Korean version of a scale to assess forensic nursing competency.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to grasp the subjectivity of the nurses toward DNR (Do not resuscitation) order. Methods: Q methodology was employed to explore the nurses' subjectivity. Q population consisted of 292 statements that were obtained through individual in-depth interviews targeting 30 employees(nurses, doctors, staff members) and literature review. Finally, 30 nurses classified 34 statements using a 9 point scale. Results: The current survey that probed into the subjectivity of the nurses relative to DNR order abstracted four categories. The first type (restrictive acceptance type) perceived the determinants of DNR as the patient's hopeless state. The second type (evidence-based type) emphasized the decision based on the guideline. The third type (medical personnel-centered type) showed the characteristic that depends passively on the professional judgement. The fourth type (rationalistic type) emphasized rational characteristic that DNR decision needs to be made by considering several situations such as economic and psychological burden of family and the quality of life. Conclusion: These types of nurse's perception need to be considered in the nurses' continuing educational program in order to confront affirmatively and positively with ethical dilemma.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2008

Purpose: Providing oral care is one of the most important nursing interventions in ICU. Good oral health prevents various complications including pneumonia and improves patients' well-being as well. The purpose of this study was to indentify the ICU nurses’awareness and performance on oral care. Methods: Using a convenient sampling, 170 ICU nurses from 5 university hospitals in two metropolitan cities were selected. Results: Of the 170 nurses in this study, 95.9% were aware of the importance of oral care. Subjects responded that providing oral care three times or more a day was appropriate to prevent ventilator associate pneumonia. 43.5% of the subjects acknowledged that they didn’t know what the most effective oral care solution was. In oral care performance, 61.8% of subjects provided oral care once a day for patients with intubation, and 74.7% used oral solutions without knowing the exact pharmacological effects of them. Conclusion: As the results of this study, most ICU nurses realized the importance on oral care for ICU patients, but the frequency of performance was low. To improve oral care performance in the ICU, structured education should be provided to ICU nurses and evidence based oral care protocols need to be developed.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.131-153
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• 2010

The fusion of learning, information, and technology presents dynamic challenges for all librarians, educators and students in 21st century libraries and schools. At the heart of this fusion is the growth of a pervasive, integrated information environment characterized by vast quantities of digital content, open choice, collaborative and participatory digital spaces, and the transition of the web environments from consumption of information to creation of information. This environment heralds important opportunities for librarians and teachers to rethink, re-imagine and recreate a dynamic approaches to information literacy instruction. Drawing on an extensive body of research undertaken through the Center for International Scholarship in School Libraries (CISSL), and published research on both information literacy and constructivist learning, this paper provides a critical examination of the current status of information literacy: its multiple conceptualizations, competing models, viewpoints, and its operationalizations in educational and library environments. The paper will challenge information literacy practices which center on simplistic, reductionist approaches to information literacy development, and the separation of information process and knowledge content. In particular it will address apparent contradictions in espoused conceptions of information literacy which revolve around "knowledge": knowledge construction, critical thinking, problem solving and the development of knowledgeable people; and information literacy practices which revolve around "information": a predominant focus on skills of access and evaluation of resources and with less attention given to engaging with found information to develop deep knowledge and understanding. The paper will present a series of challenges for moving forward with information literacy agendas in libraries and schools.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.257-277
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• 2010

This paper examined the supply chain management Integration factors and evironmental performance in Korean industry. As SCM got evolved, the importance of Socially and Environmentally Responsible Supply Chain among the Supply Chain members are increased. we should consider the following critical factors such as SCM Integration, environmental practice, SCM performance and environmental performance. The purpose of this study is to focus on linkage between conventional SCM factors with new environmental factors to clarify the critical factor for the SCM firms who may concerns about environmental performance. Based on the analysis of sixty-two cases, the following results were found. First, SCM Integration factors of supply chain management have a positively significant influence on SCM performance and environmental performance of supply chain management. Second, SCM performance have a positively significant influent on environmental performance. Third, environmental practice factors of supply chain management have a positively significant influence on SCM performance but not significant influence on environmental performance. This study suggests that with high level of Integration and environmental practice, firms may have good result on SCM performance and environmental performance. Especially, our empirical evidence shows that environmental practices without good SCM performance, may not have good result on environmental performance.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.3-4
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• 2017

Recent advances in genome sequencing technologies have enabled humans to generate and investigate the genomes of wild species. This includes the big cat family, such as tigers, lions, and leopards. Adding the first high quality leopard genome, we have performed an in-depth comparative analysis to identify the genomic signatures in the evolution of felid to become the top predators on land. Our study focused on how the carnivore genomes, as compared to the omnivore or herbivore genomes, shared evolutionary adaptations in genes associated with nutrient metabolism, muscle strength, agility, and other traits responsible for hunting and meat digestion. We found genetic evidence that genomes represent what animals eat through modifying genes. Highly conserved genetically relevant regions were discovered in genomes at the family level. Also, the Felidae family genomes exhibited low levels of genetic diversity associated with decreased population sizes, presumably because of their strict diet, suggesting their vulnerability and critical conservation status. Our findings can be used for human health enhancement, since we share the same genes as cats with some variation. This is an example how wildlife genomes can be a critical resource for human evolution, providing key genetic marker information for disease treatment.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2002

We have fabricated successfully single-filament composite $MgB_2$/SUS tapes, as an ultrarobust conductor type. The fabrication of the $MgB_2$/SUS tapes was performed by power-in-tube (PIT) process such as swaging and cold rolling. The critical transition temperatures $T_{c}$~38.5 K and ~36 K were observed for the sintered and the nonsintered $MgB_2$/SUS tapes, respectively In addition, the isothermal magnetization M(H) of the sintered $MgB_2$/SUS tapes was measured at temperatures T (between 5 and 50 K) in fields up to 6 T, employing a PPMS-9 (Quantum Design). The persistent current density (J$T_{P}$) values were obtained from the M(H) data, using Bean model, fur the sintered $MgB_2$/SUS tapes. The estimated values were higher than ~ 6$\times$ $10^{5}$ $A/\textrm{cm}^2$ at T = 5 K, with H : 0 G. We also investigated the cross section of the sintered tapes, by using SEM and EDX. An evidence of weak reaction on boundary between $MgB_2$ and SUS tube is found in the SEM and EDX.X.X.X.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.55-74
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• 2009

Although a considerable amount of research on discourse signaling cues has been conducted in reading, little attention has been paid to such cues in the area of listening. Moreover, despite the solid evidence showing that cues have beneficial effects for reading comprehension, L2 listening research has produced mixed findings about the role of cues. Such discrepancies among these findings might be due in part to inadequate research methodologies as well as the idiosyncratic features of their experimental designs. However, no study, to date, has thoroughly examined the research designs of listening comprehension studies on cues. Consequently, this study critically evaluates the present state of research designs and reporting practices of studies investigating the role of cues in listening comprehension. The present study aims to provide insights into areas that require empirical attention and systematic investigation. It also seeks to encourage improved and refined research practices for future studies. This paper is organized as follows: It will first critically review the empirical findings regarding cues in the area of L1 listening comprehension. Second, it will present a critical evaluation of L2 listening studies on cues. Finally, it will address the major research design issues of currently available listening studies and provide suggestions for improvement in future research.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2018

Purpose : This methodological study develops an oral health assessment tool for critically ill patients. Method : From February 15 to April 30, 2014, this study was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the tool at two general hospitals and three medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs) in Seoul, Korea. Results : The result of the intraclass correlation coefficient to test the between-observer reliability by analyzing the oral health assessment scores before and after oral nursing care showed that .93 of before oral care and .90 of after oral care. The correlation coefficient values of .68 (p<.001) and .71 (p<.001) before and after providing oral nursing care, respectively, indicated the presence of a statistically significant correlation between the tool and the criterion. Using the paired t-test, the differentiated validity of the tool was tested in patients who had developed pneumonia after entering the ICU. A statistically significant difference in scores was found between the time of entering the ICU and that of developing pneumonia (t=-8.73, p<.001), which provided evidence for the differentiated validity of the tool. Conclusions : Since the validity and reliability of the tool developed in this study were verified, this tool can be used to assess the oral health conditions of critically ill patients.