• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 1994

On the basis of the principle of Bratch's electronegativity equalization, we calculated group partial charges and group electronegativities for nonionic surfactants with Pauling's elecoonegativity parameters by using numerical calculation method. From calculated outputs we have investigated structural stability of micelle, characteristics of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, and relation between CMC(Critical Micelle Concentraion) and group partial charge and group electronegativity of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups for nonionic surfactants. We have known that CMC by micelle formation depends upon group partial charge and group electronegativity of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups for surfactants. Also, the structural stability of micelle in H2O solution is related to the electric double layer by the hydrophilic group of nonionic surfactants with H atoms in water CMC is diminished by the decrease of repeating units in hydrophilic group at constant hydrophobic group and is diminished by the increments of alkyl chains in hydrophobic group at constant hydrophilic group for nonionic surfactants. In conclusion, CMC is diminished because there is no electrostatic repulsion and is diminished of Debye length by the increments of partial charge of hydrophobic group.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 추계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.747-750
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 부식을 방지하기 위해서는 metal line식각 후 염소 잔유물 과 plasma charge up을 식각 조건, PR strip조건 및 후속 세정 조건을 최적화함으로써 제거해야 한다고 제안 하였다. Metal line에 다량 분포하는 charge up은 후속 세정의 적정 PH와 만났을 때, 하부 tungsten plug의 부식을 유발 하게 된다. Metal line식각 및 PR strip후 세정에 있어 약액의 종류는 부식에 결정적인 영향을 미친다. Galvanic corrosion을 최소화하기 위한 적정 PH, metal attack을 최소화 할 수 있는 chemistry선택, 높은 식각 부산물 제거 효율의 약액, 최적의 $H_2O$처리 조건 등이 metal부식방지에 있어 결정적인 요소임을 확인하였다.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 전력전자학회 2001년도 Proceedings ICPE 01 2001 International Conference on Power Electronics
• /
• pp.39-43
• /
• 2001

In this paper, excess minority carrier distribution in drift and buffer layers and accumulated charges for PT IGST have been, for the first time, analytically expressed with different transient times, lifetimes and temperatures. Furthermore those parameters are also expressed with temperature to predict the transient response which are critical to the real operation. Active base region has been chosen to extract the temperature dependency of the device by including the buffer layer which is important but neglected due to the complexity up to now.

• Journal of Information Display
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 2008

In this study, we investigate the capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors consisting of pentacene, as an organic semiconductor, and polymeric insulators such as poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) orpolystyrene (PS) prepared by spin-coating process, to analyze the interfacial characteristics between pentacene and polymeric insulators. Compared with the device with PS, the MIS capacitor with PVP exhibited a pronounced shift in the flat-band voltage according to the bias sweep direction. This hysteric feature in the C-V characteristics is thought to be attributed to the trapped charges at the interface between pentacene and PVP owing to the hydrophilicity of PVP. From the experimental results, we can conclude that surface polarity of polymeric insulator has a critical effect on the interfacial properties, thereby affecting the bias stability of organic thin-film transistors.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.445-454
• /
• 2015

As the feature sizes and the operating charges continue to be scaled down, multi-bit soft errors are becoming more critical in SRAM designs of a few nanometers. In this paper, we propose an efficient error detection technique to reduce the size of parity bits by applying a 2D bit-interleaving technique to 3D bit-partitioned SRAM devices. Our proposed bit-interleaving technique uses only 1/K (where K is the number of dies) parity bits, compared with conventional bit-interleaving structures. Our simulation results show that 1/K parity bits are needed with only a 0.024-0.036% detection error increased over that of the existing bit-interleaving method. It is also possible for our technique to improve the burst error coverage, by adding more parity bits.

• 통합자연과학논문집
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.99-102
• /
• 2011

Effect of protonation and deprotonation of ionization compounds is an important application in Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). There are enough information's were reported about different CoMFA applications such as Series design and selection of training set, Geometries and optimizations of molecules, Effect of partial atomic charges, bioactive conformations and alignment, Interaction energy fields, Effects of different grid spacing etc. However limited information's are available about the ionization of compounds. This study aimed at the critical review of about the effects of protonation of ionizable molecules and its impact on the predictability of CoMFA models. We also discussed about previous implications and the things needed to be considered to come for a final conclusion about its impact on CoMFA predictability.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제65권7호
• /
• pp.1128-1134
• /
• 2016

Demand response provides customer load reductions based on high market prices or system reliability conditions. One type of demand response, price-based program, induces customers to respond to changes in product rates. However, there are large-scale general and industrial customers that have difficulty changing their energy consumption patterns, even with rate changes, due to their electricity demands being commercial and industrial. This study proposes an in-house pricing model for large-scale general and industrial customers, particularly those with multiple business facilities, for self-regulating demand-side management and cost reduction. The in-house pricing model charges higher rates to customers with lower load factors by employing peak to off-peak ratios in order to reduce maximum demand at each facility. The proposed scheme has been applied to real world and its benefits are demonstrated through an example.

• 한국추진공학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 2016

감쇠기를 사이에 두고 여폭약과 수폭약으로 충전된 파이로 착화기는 격벽의 압력 감쇠 현상과 고에너지 물질의 충격 점화 특성을 갖는다. 고폭약의 폭굉 반응 및 비반응 물질 통과에의 폭압 감쇠와 더불어 격벽의 형상 변화를 모사하기 위해서는 충격 전달에 의한 gap test의 폭굉 모델링이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 오일러리안 레벨셋 기법이 적용된 다중물질 하이드로 코드를 사용하여 pentolite 작약과 열폭압 RDX의 폭발 반응 및 PMMA gap을 통과하는 충격파 전달을 해석함으로써 화약-격벽간 상호작용 및 임계 두께, 음향 임피던스, go/no-go 기폭 점화에 대한 특성을 정량화하였다.

• 전기학회논문지P
• /
• 제66권4호
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 2017

This paper presents research on low-voltage microgrids to maintain a continuous power supply to critical loads on grid-connected islands in Korea. The low-voltage microgrids of this paper focused on that changes public office buildings into uninterrupted microgrids by autonomous operation. For this, a microgrid controller (MGC) and a power conditioning system (PCS) that allow a seamless transfer between grid-connected and grid-isolated operation are proposed. The proposed PCS operates with a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) switch and employs a simple structure. It supplies power continuously without operators through a coordinated operation between MGC and PCS. In addition, proposed MG has a schedule operation for minimizing electricity charges and provides ancillary services that enable the utilization of resources according to the operation purpose of utility distribution networks. To demonstrate the uninterrupted low-voltage microgrid proposed in this study, a microgrid was implemented and tested in a public office building in Anjwa Island, Jeollanam-do in Korea. A seamless, autonomous operation history, despite system disturbances, was obtained through a long-term demonstration of operation. The results showed that the proposed microgrid technology can be used to achieve energy resilience in grid-connected island areas.

• 의료법학
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.83-122
• /
• 2014

Compared with medical cases and health care law from other countries there has been a lot of progress on medical law, especially on medical precedents in Korea. However, in recent years, medical precedents tend to reflect a realistic position of health care providers, rather than normative position of the victim. The burden of proof to prove strict liability is given to patients in civil law suits by courts, patients generally has the burden of proof. The rate of claims to prove the negligence of medical malpractice is falling significantly. Even if the error is acknowledged, it is not enough to get right to be relief for patients by increasing limitations of liability or ratio of patient's own negligence. Compensation fee is included in medical fees and risk of medical malpractice actions contributes ultimately to a health care consumer. In conclusion, author represents a major the new upgrade of above mentioned problem. By advising that court should assess actively for the perspective of victim for medical negligence we will be able to exercise remedies of patients' rights and to prevent recurring medical accidents and also contribute to medical advances.