• 벤처창업연구
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.135-154
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• 2020

중소상공인은 대다수 신용평가에 필요한 금융 정보를 제공하지 못하는 씬파일러 (thin-filer)이므로, 중소상공인 신용평가모형의 신뢰성을 높이기 위해서는 비재무정보와 정성적인 정보를 기반으로 한 대안신용평가의 개발이 중요하다. 본 연구는 중소상공인을 대상으로 한 표준화된 신용평가모형이 없고, 세부적인 평가 기준이 비공개인 현 상황에서 중소상공인의 신용점수를 높일 수 있는 결정요인을 제시함으로써 추후 신용등급 관리와 이를 활용한 금융 공급 확대에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 구체적으로, 신용보증기금의 자료를 이용하여 2014년 1월부터 2019년 9월까지 총 5,521개 중소상공인의 금융실태를 광범위하게 분석하였다. 이를 통해 2억 원 미만의 대출 보증 잔액을 가지고 있는 경우가 80% 이상이고, 사업장의 약 87%가 임차임을 확인하였다. 특히 신용 재무등급점수가 100점 만점 중 10점 이하인 경우가 47%로 거의 절반 수준인 것을 확인함으로써 대안신용평가의 개발이 시급함을 확인하였다. 또한, 중소상공인의 종합신용등급을 구성하는 재무등급점수, 계량비재무등급점수, 순수비재무등급점수의 결정요인이 무엇인지 각각 분석하였다. 종합신용등급을 산출하는데 가장 가중치가 높은 재무등급점수의 경우, 근로자 수가 많고 업력이 길수록, 그리고 법인사업자일 때 더 높게 나타났고, 실제 중소상공인의 총보증잔액과 순보증일수 역시 대표자 동종업계 종사연수, 근로자 수, 업력이 증가할수록, 그리고 법인사업자일 때 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 비재무적인 요소를 계량화하여 점수로 구현하는 계량비재무등급점수는 대표자 동종업계 종사연수나 근로자 수, 업력과 유의한 관계를 보이지 않았다. 이는 본 연구에서 사용한 비재무정보 지표와 별개로 신용보증기금의 계량비재무등급점수에 다른 결정변수가 사용되었음을 의미한다. 대표자와의 면담 등을 기초로 평가되는 점수인 순수비재무등급점수는 대표자 동종업계 종사연수가 높을수록 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 향후 핀테크 기술을 활용한 혁신적인 금융서비스를 제공하고 이를 바탕으로 사회와 경제 혁신을 추구할 수 있는 잠재력을 제시함으로써 중소상공인 관련 연구와 정책개발에 중요하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.237-248
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• 2009

신용평가 연구에서 부도와 정상의 분포함수들의 동일성을 검정하는 비모수적 방법으로 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 검정법 이외에 Clamor-Yon Mises, Anderson-Darling, Watson 검정방법을 소개한다. 부도와 정상의 분포함수들의 선형결합된 부도율의 분포함수에 관한 전체적인 정보는 파악되어 잘 알고 있다. 모집단의 분포함수를 알고 있다는 가정 하에 Clamor-Von Mises, Anderson-Darling, Watson 검정통계량의 수정통계량을 제안한다. 신용평가자료와 유사한 성격을 갖는 다양한 부도율의 확률분포로부터 스코어를 생성하여 본 연구에서 제안한 수정통계량을 비교 토론한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.3627-3641
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• 2021

Fintech, which stands for financial technology, is growing fast globally since the economic crisis hit the United States in 2008. Fintech companies are striving to secure a competitive advantage over existing financial services by providing efficient financial services utilizing the latest technologies. Fintech companies can be classified into several areas according to their business solutions. Among the Fintech sector, peer-to-peer (P2P) lending companies are leading the domestic Fintech industry. P2P lending is a method of lending funds directly to individuals or businesses without an official financial institution participating as an intermediary in the transaction. The rapid growth of P2P lending companies has now reached a level that threatens secondary financial markets. However, as the growth rate increases, so does the potential risk factor. In addition to government laws to protect and regulate P2P lending, further measures to reduce the risk of P2P lending accidents have yet to keep up with the pace of market growth. Since most P2P lenders do not implement their own credit rating system, they rely on personal credit scores provided by credit rating agencies such as the NICE credit information service in Korea. However, it is hard for P2P lending companies to figure out the intentional loan default of the borrower since most borrowers' credit scores are not excellent. This study analyzed the voices of telephone conversation between the loan consultant and the borrower in order to verify if it is applicable to determine the personal credit score. Experimental results show that the change in pitch frequency and change in voice pitch frequency can be reliably identified, and this difference can be used to predict the loan defaults or use it to determine the underlying default risk. It has also been shown that parameters extracted from sample voice data can be used as a determinant for classifying the level of personal credit ratings.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2015

기업지배구조가 우수하면 기업경영자의 감시역할을 하고 대리비용과 정보비대칭을 감소시킨다. 기업지배구조점수가 높을수록 기업 내부통제시스템과 재무보고 체계가 잘 갖추어져 있으므로 기업 경영이 활성화되고 기업성과가 높아지므로 신용재무평점이 높아질 것이다. 이러한 전제하에 가설을 설정하고 본 연구는 기업지배구조(CGI)가 신용재무평점(CFR)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 실증 연구하였다. 연구결과, 기업지배구조(CGI)와 신용재무평점의 관련성은 유의한 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다, 회귀계수부호는 기대부호인 양(+)이 값이 나타났다. 이러한 결과 기업지배구조(CGI)가 우수할수록 신용재무평점의 점수가 커질 것이라는 예측과 같은 결과가 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 CGI가 우수할수록 신용재무평점이 커진다는 것이다. 본 연구는 기업의 사회적 책임, 건전한 지배구조와 감시기구를 갖춘 기업이 보다 높은 신용등급을 받을 수 있다는 유용한 지침을 실무 및 연구 분야에 제공해 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2013

The result of the English test for freshmen showed wide difference in the ability of students, which means the graded class is strongly required. This paper describes the case study about the graded English class that was carried out for the freshman. Every freshman must take an English placement test from problems bank and were classified according to the result of the test. In order to resolve the dissatisfaction of the high level students, the statutes of my university for credit were modified. In order to analyze the effect of the graded class, evaluation test using similar problems was carried out at the end of the semester. The effect of the graded class was analyzed by using the paired samples t-test method and there was a meaningful performance improvement at the average score. Additional improvements in the method of classification and credit granted were made by analyzing the results of the evaluation test and survey.

• 한국경영공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.105-123
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to verify whether the technology grade, which is the result of technology appraisal by Technology Credit Bureau, can be extended and applied to the venture certification system. We confirmed that there was a significant difference in the average financial performance for three years after the certification and appraisal of the two groups after matching the venture certification enterprise group and the technology appraisal enterprise group in 2015 through the propensity score matching method. As a result, there was no significant difference in the financial performance of venture certified firms and technology appraisal firms, so we confirmed that the technology grade can be expanded and applied to the venture certification system. As a result of estimating the technology grade conforming to the venture certification system, it was concluded that technology outstanding firm(T1-T4) is a technology grade suitable for the venture certification system.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.17-59
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• 2009

Purpose : This study is to provide the basic data for developing the curriculum standardization of emergency medical technology by analyzing the three-year and four-year period curriculum and high-advanced major course to bring up highly qualified paramedics. Method : This study was analyzed, divided in 3 sections, majors, teaching profession subjects and liberal arts of 18 three-year curriculum universities and 7 four-year curriculum universities. Majors were analyzed, departmentalized in the national examination for license, the clinical and on-the-job training(OJT) and other major-related subjects. It is descriptive study, analyzed by dividing high-advanced major course into majors and liberal arts. Result : 1) The average number of subjects established in three-year-course college were 58.1. The completion credit was 130.1 in average. Also, the average number of established subjects at four-year-course were 61.1. The average completion credit was 141. 2) Three-year-course college professors give lecture in theory for 95.4 hours on average, which account for 59.9% of overall lecture, and 63.8 hours for practical training that takes 40.1% of the hours lectures are given. Meanwhile, four-year-course give lecture in theory for 111 hours on average, taking a part of 59.5%, and 76.5 hours for practical training, 40.5%. 3) In regard to liberal arts, at three-year-course college, the average credit was 16 but the proportion that liberal arts charge among the completion credit was 11.6. Meanwhile, at four-year-course universities, the average credit was 28.4 and the percentage that the liberal arts took part in the completion credit was 20.1. 4) Looking over national examination subjects among majors at three-year-course college, basic medicine's average credit was 17.2, introduction to advanced emergency care's average credit was 15.5, Special advanced emergency care's average credit was 28, emergency patient management's average credit was 9.2 and emergency medicine statute's average credit was 3.6. Meanwhile, in case of four-year-course universities, basic medicine's average credit was 14.3, introduction to advanced emergency care's average credit was 12.7, special advanced emergency care's average credit was 31, emergency patient management's average credit was 8.3 and emergency medicine statute's average credit was 2.9. 5) Among national examination subjects, in case of three-year-course, the range of basic medicine credits was 6 to 23, the average credit showed 17.2. The range of introduction to advanced emergency care credits was 9 to 21, the average credit showed 15.5. The range of special advanced emergency care credits was 19 to 36, the average credit showed 28. The range of emergency patient management credits was 5 to 12, the average credit was 9.2. The range of legal medicine credits was 3 to 6, the average was 3.6 credit. In case of four-year-course the range of basic medicine was 12 to 17, the average of the credit was 14.3. The range of introduction to advanced emergency care was 9 to 19, and the average of the credit was 12.7. The range of special advanced emergency care was 18 to 41, and the average of the credit was 31. The range of emergency patient management was 7 to 12, and the average of the credit was 8.3. The range of legal medicine was 3 to 4, and the average of the credit was 2.9. So except special advanced emergency care, all the other subjects had higher score in three-year-course than four-year-course. 6) About the other major-related subjects, the completion credit was 23 on average at three-year-course and 13.5 at four-year-course. 7) The clinical and on-the-job training(OJT), In the case of three-year-course, the average completion credit was 13.5 and 13.5 at four-year-course. 8) The teaching profession subject, In the case of three-year-course, the average credit was 3 and the percentage that the teaching profession subject took part in the completion credit was 2.3% on average. Four-year-course established the subject only at one university. 9) In high-advanced major process, the entire established subjects on average were 12.8 and the average completion credit was 36.3. In liberal arts, the average established subjects were 6.5 and the completion credit was 19.5. The number of majors were 9.5 on average and the credit was 26.5 Conclusion : According to the aforemention results, the curriculum for emergency medical technology needs to be developed and standardized.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.43-59
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• 2016

This study investigated the difference of the effects of public loan programs in fishery industry on management performance from a balanced score card (BSC) perspective depending on the type of loan, scale of fund, period of support and business category, using the financial data of fisheries firms having the balance of loan at the end of 2014. The key factors influencing credit rating change were also analyzed after public loan support. From a integrative perspective, results show that the firms supported by working fund have higher management performance than the firms supported by facility fund. The firms received large scale fund showed higher management performance than the firms received small scale fund. While management performance was decreasing or slowing down over time after financial support, management performance of the firms supported by facility fund improved over time. From a non-financial perspective, the firms received facility fund invested more in education and growing perspective than the firms received working fund. As the size of fund increased, the investment in education, growing, internal process and customer increased. Personnel expenses and employee benefits for education and growing has increased over time. However, the firms with facility fund restricted the expenses of education, personnel expenses and employee benefits as time goes by. Because the effects of public loan on credit rating of fisheries corporations have no statistical significance, it has become known that the financial support of public loan program has no influence on the change of credit rating of fisheries corporations. This study attempted performance analysis from a BSC perspective which combine factors of non-financial perspective with factors of financial perspective. Findings from this study suggest the direction of microscopic performance analysis of public loan in fishery industry.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2002년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.1044-1051
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• 2002

This paper proposes a two-phase mathematical programming approach by considering classification gap to solve the proposed credit scoring problem so as to complement any theoretical shortcomings. Specifically, by using the linear programming (LP) approach, phase 1 is to make the associated decisions such as issuing grant of credit or denial of credit to applicants. or to seek any additional information before making the final decision. Phase 2 is to find a cut-off value, which minimizes any misclassification penalty (cost) to be incurred due to granting credit to 'bad' loan applicant or denying credit to 'good' loan applicant by using the mixed-integer programming (MIP) approach. This approach is expected to and appropriate classification scores and a cut-off value with respect to deviation and misclassification cost, respectively. Statistical discriminant analysis methods have been commonly considered to deal with classification problems for credit scoring. In recent years, much theoretical research has focused on the application of mathematical programming techniques to the discriminant problems. It has been reported that mathematical programming techniques could outperform statistical discriminant techniques in some applications, while mathematical programming techniques may suffer from some theoretical shortcomings. The performance of the proposed two-phase approach is evaluated in this paper with line data and loan applicants data, by comparing with three other approaches including Fisher's linear discriminant function, logistic regression and some other existing mathematical programming approaches, which are considered as the performance benchmarks. The evaluation results show that the proposed two-phase mathematical programming approach outperforms the aforementioned statistical approaches. In some cases, two-phase mathematical programming approach marginally outperforms both the statistical approaches and the other existing mathematical programming approaches.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the level of job stress and to determine factors influencing job stress among nurses currently under Academic Credit Bank (ACB) system. Methods: The participants were 153 nurses who has taken courses of ACB system. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires and then analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression with SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: The score of job stress showed significant differences according to age, marital status, total period of clinical career, and nursing unit. Job stress had significant negative correlation to professional self-concept and organizational commitment. The factors influencing job stress were marital status, professional self-concept, and organizational commitment. Conclusion: The results suggest that various factors should be considered in development and implementation of programs to reduce the job stress of nurses currently under ACB system.