• Title/Summary/Keyword: crab shell

Search Result 88, Processing Time 0.044 seconds

Measurement of Deproteinization and Deacetylation of Chitin and Chitosan by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (근적외선 분광분석법을 이용한 Chitin 및 Chitosan의 탈단백 및 탈아세틸화도 측정)

  • SONG Ho-Su;LEE Keun-Tai;PARK Seong-Min;KANG Ok-Ju;CHEONG Hyo-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.36 no.2
    • /
    • pp.88-93
    • /
    • 2003
  • NIR spectroscopic analysis was used for the measurement of deproteinization and deacetylation to apply the merits of NIR spectroscopic analysis to the quality management in the process of chitin and chitosan production. In measuring squid pen and red snow crab shell, which are raw materials of chitin and chitosan by NIR there were typical peaks in 1200 nm, 1510 nm, 2050 nm and 2180 nm. Squid pen had somewhat higher peak than red snow crab shell. In producing chitin, amount of protein was decreased. Measuring it by NIR, reduction of protein caused by deproteinization was identified in producing chitin. Chitosan is a derivative material made from chitin by processing the deacetylation. During this processing, acetyl groups were removed and amide bends were appeared. From NIR spectra, peaks at 1530 nm and 2030 nm indicated amide II peak of chitosan, and these peaks were used for identifying the differences of structure between chitin and chitosan. The error in measurement of nonidentified sample was below $1\%$ and the error in the standard curve was below 0.006. These errors were very low and the accuracy of NIR was considered to be superior to the existing methods.

Optimal Medium Composition Suitable for Enhancement of Biofertilizer's Shelf Life

  • Lee, Yong-Seong;Park, Yun-Suk;Kim, Kil-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.49 no.5
    • /
    • pp.456-460
    • /
    • 2016
  • Biofertilizers are increasingly available in the market as one of the alternatives to chemical fertilizers. The supply of a high number of viable microorganisms is important for farmers. Lysobacter capsici YS1215 producing chitinases and gelatinases, isolated from soil in Korea, was evaluated for the establishment of an optimal medium condition of its shelf life under an in vitro condition. In this study, the population density of a biofertilizer (L. capsici YS1215) in media containing crab shell and gelatin powder (M1, M2, M3 and M4) was observed to be higher than that of populations grown in TSB (Tryptic soy broth) media (M5, M6 and M7) during experimental period. In addition, the population density at 11 months was over $10^6\;CFU\;mL^{-1}$ in M1, M3 and M4, but under $10^6\;CFU\;mL^{-1}$ in M2, M5, M6 and M7. The best optimal medium for the shelf life was M1 ($2.6{\times}10^6\;CFU\;mL^{-1}$) containing both chitinous and gelatinous materials at 11 months. Therefore, this study provided results of the appropriate medium composition for the enhancement of the shelf life of L. capsici YS1215.

Optimization of Medium Components for the Production of Antagonistic Lytic Enzymes Against Phytopathogenic Fungi and Their Biocontrol Potential

  • Lee, Yong Seong;Neung, Saophuong;Park, Yun Suk;Kim, Kil Yong
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.47 no.4
    • /
    • pp.299-305
    • /
    • 2014
  • In this paper, fractional factorial screening design (FFSD) and central composition design (CCD) were used to optimize the medium components for producing chitinase and gelatinase by Lysobacter capsici YS1215. Crab shell powder, nutrient broth and gelatin were proved to have significant effects on chitinase and gelatinase activity by FFSD first. An optimal medium was obtained by using a three factor CCD, which consisted of nutrient broth of $2.0gL^{-1}$, crab shell powder of $2.0gL^{-1}$ and gelatin of $1.0gL^{-1}$, respectively with the highest chitinase activity ($3.34UmL^{-1}$) and gelatinase activity ($14.15UmL^{-1}$). This value was 3.76 and 1.11 fold of the chitinase and gelatinase activity, respectively, compared to the lowest productive medium in the design matrix. In investigating potential of these enzymes partially purified from L. capsici YS1215 for biotechnological use, the crude enzymes was found to be inhibition against pathogenic fungal mycelia: Colletotrichum gleosporioides, Phytophthora capsici, and Rhizoctonia solani. In this study, we demonstrated the optimal medium for producing the chitinolytic and gelatinolytic enzymes by the strain YS1215 and the role of their enzymes that may be useful for further development of a biotechnological use and agricultural use for biological control of phytopathogenic fungi.

Growth-promoting Effect of New Iron-chelating Fertilizer on Lettuce (산세수와 게껍질을 이용한 신기능성 철분 비료의 상추 생육 촉진 효과)

  • Hwang, Ji Young;Jun, Sang Eun;Park, Nam-Jo;Oh, Ju Sung;Lee, Yong Jik;Sohn, Eun Ju;Kim, Gyung-Tae
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.27 no.4
    • /
    • pp.390-397
    • /
    • 2017
  • Iron (Fe) is an important micronutrient for the health and growth of plants. Iron is usually provided by fertilizers, and iron-chelate fertilizers are well absorbed by plants. This study presents the plant growth-promoting effects of a new functional iron fertilizer, Fe-chelating crab shell powder (FCSP), which is generated from the chelation of Fe ions with crab shell powder. Iron chelate was derived from spent pickling liquor, which is rich in reductive iron, iron(II) oxide. To analyze the effects of FCSP on plant growth, we treated lettuce with several concentrations of FCSP in both lab- and field-scale experiments. In the lab-scale test, the treatment of 50 ppm of FCSP highly promoted growth and resulted in increases in the size, weight, number and chlorophylls content of leaves of plants compared to the treatment of crab shell powder. Fifty ppm of FCSP also increased the size and weight of leaves up to 2 times compared to the application of chemical fertilizer and/or compost in field conditions. In addition, the FCSP treatment resulted in the highest ion uptake of Fe in lettuce leaves. Moreover, FCSP led to increases in the amounts of Fe, Ca, available phosphorus and organic matter in treated soil, indicating that soil quality was improved. Taken together, our results demonstrate that FCSP promotes lettuce growth via enhancement of Fe availability and improves soil quality. Therefore, FCSP can be utilized as a new functional iron fertilizer.

Purification and Characterization of Chitinase from Antagonistic Bacteria Pseudomonas sp. 3098. (생물방제균 Pseudomonas sp. 3098이 생산하는 Chitinase의 정제 및 특성)

  • 이종태;김동환;도재호;김상달
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
    • /
    • v.26 no.6
    • /
    • pp.515-522
    • /
    • 1998
  • Plant root rotting fungi, Fusarium solani are suppressed their growth by the chitinase which is produced from the antagonistic soil bacteria. The chitinase producable antagonistic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. 3098 was selected as a powerful biocontrol agent of F. solani from ginseng rhizosphere. The antagonistic Pseudomonas sp. 3098 was able to produce a large amount of extracellular chitinase which is key enzyme in the decomposition of fusarial hypal walls. The chitinase was purified from cultural filtrate of Pseudomonas sp. 3098 by the procedure of ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography, gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-100, and 1st and 2nd hydroxyapatite chromatography. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was ca. 45 kDa on SDS-FAGE. The optimal pH and temperature for the activity of purified chitinase were 5.0 and 45$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was stable in pH range of 5.0 to 9.0 up to 5$0^{\circ}C$ The enzyme was significantly inhibited by metal compounds such as FeCl$_2$, AgNO$_3$ and HgCl$_2$, and was slightly inhibited by p-CMB, iodoacetic acid, urea, 2,4-DNP and EDTA. The enzyme had ability of digestion on colloidal chitin and chitin from shrimp shell, but could not digest chitosan and chitin from crab shell. Km value of the enzyme was 0.11% on colloidal chitin, and the maximum hydrolysis rate of the enzyme was 34% on colloidal chitin.

  • PDF

RESULTS OF OBSERVATION IN HABITAT OF THE SANBANNSE LAGOON AT TOKYO BAY

  • OGIHARA KUNIHIRO;MATUZAWA ATUKO
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
    • /
    • 2005.09b
    • /
    • pp.1303-1304
    • /
    • 2005
  • The sea water and the soil of surface zone in lagoon have many physical relations between each other by both physical phenomena such as tidal motion and wave action, and activity of a creature which lives in soil zone. The soil zone has an activity of filtering the sea water at lowering tide and also the organic materials in sea water are supplied into the soil. And small creatures such as small crab eat organic materials. Usually the surface zone of lagoon becomes under the sea water in two times of a day and also is coming in two times under the sunshine and it becomes dries up conditions. Authors made the field observation at Sanbannse lagoon in Tokyo bay in several times between 2002 to 2004. The observation has been done in a half period of tide in October and November 2002 and also full tide observation is made in July 2, 2003 in summer and November 26, 2003 in autumn. In 2004, three times observations of full tide has been made in three times as June 22, July 20 and December 14. This report is the summary of results on these observations focusing on the soil surface zone and sea water at under ground and wave breaking zone.

  • PDF

Effective Production of N-Acetyl-$\beta$-glucosamine by Serratia marcescens Using Chitinadceous Waste

  • Kim, Kwang;A. Louise Creagh;Charles A. Haynes
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
    • /
    • v.3 no.2
    • /
    • pp.71-77
    • /
    • 1998
  • The strain of Serratia marcescens QM B1466 produces selectively large amount of chitinolytic enzymes (about 1mg/L medium). Enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin to N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosamine (NAG) was performed with a system consisting of two hydrolases (chitinase and chitobiase) produced by optimization of a microbial host consuming chitin particles. For the development of Large-scale biological process for the production of NAG from chitinaceous waste, the selection and optimization of a microbial host, particle size of crab/shrimp chitin sources and initial induction time using chitin as a sole carbon source on chitinase/chitobiase production and NAG production were examined. Crab-shell chitin(1.5%) treated by dilute acid and , ball-milled with a normal diameter less than 250m gave the highest chitinase activity over a 7 days culture. Crude chitinase/ chitobiase solution obtained in a 10 L fed-batch fermentation showed a maximum activities of 23.6 U/mL and 5.1 U/mL, respectively with a feeding time of 3 hrs, near pH 8.5 at 30$^{\circ}C$.

  • PDF

Synthesis and Sinterability of Hydroxyapatite from Fishery by-products

  • Wibisono, Yusuf;Dwijaksara, Ni Luh Bella;Widayatno, Wahyu Bambang;Wismogroho, Agus Sukarto;Amal, Muhamad Ikhlasul;Rochman, Nurul Taufiqu;Nishimura, Toshiyuki;Noviyanto, Alfian
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
    • /
    • v.55 no.6
    • /
    • pp.570-575
    • /
    • 2018
  • Hydroxyapatites (HAps) were synthesized using the powdered waste of fishery products, i.e., fish scales and crab shells, as starting materials. HAp was synthesized by a wet-chemistry method followed by calcination at 600 and $800^{\circ}C$. Calcined crabshell powder revealed a single HAp phase and fine powder, while calcined fish-scale powder showed a ${\beta}-TCP$ secondary phase, even at the higher calcination temperature. Dense HAp pellets were obtained from the crab-shell powder by spark plasma sintering at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 10 min under applied pressures of 40 and 80 MPa in a vacuum state, giving sample densities of 2.93 and $3.06g/cm^3$, respectively. The estimated grain size of HAp was $448{\pm}96$ and $283{\pm}59nm$ for applied pressures of 40 and 80 MPa, respectively. In contrast, the HAp obtained using the pressureless sintering technique showed excessive grain growth without further densification.

In vitro Study on the Functionality in Digestive Tract of Chitin and Chitosan from Crab Shell (게껍질 Chitin 및 Chitosan의 소화관내 기능성에 관한 in vitro 연구)

  • Chang, Hyun-Joo;Jeon, Dong-Won;Lee, Su-Rae
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.26 no.4
    • /
    • pp.348-354
    • /
    • 1994
  • Chitin and chitosan samples prepared from crab's shells under different conditions were compared for their physicochemical properties; and functionality in gastrointestinal tract by in vitro test. Their bulk density was in the range of $127{\sim}208\;mg/ml$, and their viscosity was $80{\sim}581\;cP$ in 0.1 chitin and $80{\sim}3,670\;cP$ in 0.5% chitosan solution, showing a wide variation. The degree of deacetylation in chitosan samples as determined by IR spectral analysis was relatively high, showing $81{\sim}93%$. At the same alkali concentration and reaction temperature, a longer reaction period gave an increased degree of deacetylation and lower viscosity. The water holding capacity of chitic substance became greater at higher soaking temperature; chitosan D at $37^{\circ}C$ showed the greatest value. Chitic substance with lower bulk density showed the higher water holding capacity. The retardation effect toward glucose absorption was higher in critic substances of lower density and higher water holding capacity; chitosan D showed the highest value of 38%. The retardation index toward bile acid absorption after 1 hour dialysis was $15{\sim}34%$ in chitic substances, 39% in pectin and 9% in cellulose. The retarding effect showed the highest value of 34% in chitosan D at 3% concentration.

  • PDF

A Study on Trace-metals in Korean Yeongdeok Crab and Russian Snow Crab (영덕대게와 러시아산대게의 체내 미량금속 함량 연구)

  • Kim, Cho-Ryeon;Yoon, Yi-Yong
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
    • /
    • v.14 no.3
    • /
    • pp.147-153
    • /
    • 2011
  • This study is to measure the differences of the trace-metals resulted from the different ecologies, such as nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), cadmium(Cd), plumbum(Pb), arsenic(As) and chrome(Cr) remaining in the parts of Korean Yeongdeok Crab (KYC) and Russian Snow Crab (RSC) based on ICP-MS. The recovery rate of each metal certified the reference materials (CRM) was in the average of 81~99%, which corresponded with the level required in Codex. The level of metals in the parts of KYC was in the order of Ni > As > Zn > Cu > Cr > Cd in the both male and female shell; the order of Zn > As > Cu > Cr > Ni > Cd in the leg flesh; the order of Zn > As > Cu > Cr > Cd > Ni in the body flesh; the order of Cu > Zn > As > Cd > Cr > Ni in the gill; the order of Cu > As > Zn > Cd > Ni > Cr in the male hepatopancreas; the order of Cu > Zn > As > Cd > Cr > Ni in the female hepatopancreas, thereby showing some differences. It was revealed that the levels of most metals (nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic and chrome) were similar between KYC and RSC except cadmium which was somewhat lower than that of KYC. However, the cadmium in RSC was discovered in high level in most of the parts, two times higher in the hepatopancreas, and four times in the gill. It was also revealed that the trace metal contents were changing according to the size of KYC; the metals with the highest level of Ni in shell, Zn in leg and body flesh, Cu in gill tended to decrease as growing, whereas the cadmium contents tended to increase overall and accumulated the most in hepatopancreas. The results showed there was a possibility that the phenomenon of bioaccumulation within hepatopancreas would increase as growing.