• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2022

Background In Japan, there is a large regional disparity in plastic surgery availability. In order for plastic surgery to be widely available for all citizens, it is essential for at least one plastic surgery facility to be located in each secondary medical zone. Methods Using the Japan Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery homepage and some databases, we extracted data on secondary medical zones that do not have a plastic surgery facility. The national and regional coverage rates were calculated. The coverage rate for each group divided by the degree of population concentration was also calculated. Results We found that 147 of 344 secondary medical zones did not have a plastic surgery facility, and the area coverage rate was found to be 57.27% nationwide. The coverage rate in terms of population was 87.07% (correlation coefficient of area and population coverage = 0.983). The area coverage rates in Hokkaido-Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu, Kansai, Chugoku-Shikoku, and Kyushu-Okinawa districts were 47.46, 72.15, 76.47, 62.79, 52.08, and 32.81%, respectively. The corresponding population coverage rates were 79.92, 91.62, 94.27, 90.59, 80.68, and 69.54%, respectively. The area coverage rates in metropolitan areas, provincial cities, and rural areas were 98.08, 75.90, and 15.87%, respectively. In contrast, the area coverage rate of dermatology was 62.79% and that of orthopaedics was 97.09%. Conclusion Unfortunately, it is estimated that more than 40% of secondary medical zones are underserved by plastic surgery, and 13% of the population is not able to fully benefit from this specialty in Japan.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.27-49
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• 2004

최근 한국을 포함한 여러 국가들에 있어 이동전화가 빠르게 보급되면서 유선전화가구보유율이 감소하고 있다. 이러한 유선전화 보유율의 감소로 인하여 표집틀의 중요한 비포함문제가 발생되고 결국 조사 추정치의 편향이 커질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 먼저 국내에서의 유선전화 가구보유율과 이동전화 가구보유율의 변화를 살펴보고, 사회인구학적 가구 특성에 따른 이들 전화 가구보유율의 변화도 알아본다. 아울러 이로 인한 국내에서의 유선전화 표집틀 비포함 수준의 변화와 문제점들을 언급한다. 다음 유럽연합의 일부 국가들과 미국, 캐나다 등의 최근 유선전화 가구보유율을 비교한다. 마지막으로 국내의 이동전화 증가에 따른 전화조사환경의 변화에 대응하기 위한 앞으로의 연구방향을 제시한다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2021

노년층뿐만 아니라 청년층에 속하는 성인들 사이에서도 병원 외 심장정지(OHCA)를 겪는 심장질환자의 수가 증가하고 있다. 자동심장충격기(AED)는 병원 외 심장정지 환자의 생존율을 개선하는 데 있어 긴요하다. 심장정지 생존율은 제세동 시간에 대하여 지수적으로 감소(decline exponentially)하는 것으로 밝혀졌으나, 자동심장충격기의 최적 배치에 있어 심장정지 생존율의 이러한 특성을 반영한 국내 연구가 미미한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 자동심장충격기의 최적 입지를 결정하기 위하여 exponential decay coverage 함수를 갖는 최대 gradual coverage 입지 모델에 대하여 고찰하였다. exponential decay coverage 함수는 심장정지 환자의 생존율에 대한 과다추정을 완화한다. 향후 시뮬레이션을 통하여 랜덤한 행인 위치 및 이동을 반영함으로써 행인의 심정지 대응에 있어 창발적인(emergent) 특징을 식별할 수 있는 시설 입지 모델이 개발될 것으로 예측된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.124-135
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• 2017

Background In cases of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) threatened by potential hardware exposure, flap-based reconstruction is indicated to provide durable coverage. Historically, muscle flaps were favored as they provide vascular tissue to an infected wound bed. However, data comparing the performance of muscle versus fasciocutaneous flaps are limited and reflect a lack of consensus regarding the optimal management of these wounds. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of muscle versus fasciocutaneous flaps following the salvage of compromised TKA. Methods A systematic search and meta-analysis were performed to identify patients with TKA who underwent either pedicled muscle or fasciocutaneous flap coverage of periprosthetic knee defects. Studies evaluating implant/limb salvage rates, ambulatory function, complications, and donor-site morbidity were included in the comparative analysis. Results A total of 18 articles, corresponding to 172 flaps (119 muscle flaps and 53 fasciocutaneous flaps) were reviewed. Rates of implant salvage (88.8% vs. 90.1%, P=0.05) and limb salvage (89.8% vs. 100%, P=0.14) were comparable in each cohort. While overall complication rates were similar (47.3% vs. 44%, P=0.78), the rates of persistent infection (16.4% vs. 0%, P=0.14) and recurrent infection (9.1% vs. 4%, P=0.94) tended to be higher in the muscle flap cohort. Notably, functional outcomes and ambulation rates were sparingly reported. Conclusions Rates of limb and prosthetic salvage were comparable following muscle or fasciocutaneous flap coverage of compromised TKA. The functional morbidity associated with muscle flap harvest, however, may support the use of fasciocutaneous flaps for coverage of these defects, particularly in young patients and/or high-performance athletes.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.247-263
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• 2000

자연재해(Natural Catastrophe)는 태풍, 홍수, 호우, 폭풍, 해일, 폭설, 가뭄, 지진 등과 같이 자연현상으로 인하여 발생하는 피해를 말한다. 자연재해는 한번 발생하면 엄청난 피해를 가져오므로 거대위험으로 분류된다. 현재 우리나라에서는 일반화재보험에서 풍수재위험과 지진위험을 담보하는 약관과 요율이 적용되고 있으나 이러한 풍수재담보와 지진담보에 대한 약관 및 요율은 외국에서 가져온 것(구득요율)이므로 우리나라 현실을 전혀 반영하지 못한 것이다. 이러한 연유로 보험계약자의 권익을 보호하기 위해 현재까지 우리나라 손해보험에서 사용하지 않은 통계적 방법을 이용하여 태풍과 풍수재에 대한 손해액 분포를 결정하고 그에 따른 적정보험료를 산출하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2002

In this paper, we derive noninformative priors for the ratio of failure rates in exponential model. A class of priors is found by matching the coverage probabilities of one-sided Baysian credible interval with the corresponding frequentist coverage probabilities. And we prove that the noninformative prior matches the alternative coverage probabilities and is a HPD matching prior up to the second order. Finally, we provide simulated freqentist coverage probabilities under the derived noninformative prior for small samples.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2011

Annual epidemics of seasonal influenza occur during autumn and winter in temperate regions and have imposed substantial public health and economic burdens. At the global level, these epidemics cause about 3-5 million severe cases of illness and about 0.25-0.5 million deaths each year. Although annual vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the disease and its severe outcomes, influenza vaccination coverage rates have been at suboptimal levels in many countries. For instance, the coverage rates among the elderly in 20 developed nations in 2008 ranged from 21% to 78% (median 65%). In the U.S., influenza vaccination levels among elderly population appeared to reach a "plateau" of about 70% after the late 1990s, and levels among child populations have remained at less than 50%. In addition, disparities in the coverage rates across subpopulations within a country present another important public health issue. New approaches are needed for countries striving both to improve their overall coverage rates and to eliminate disparities. This review article aims to describe a broad conceptual framework of vaccination, and to illustrate four potential determinants of influenza vaccination based on empirical analyses of U.S. nationally representative populations. These determinants include the ongoing influenza epidemic level, mass media reporting on influenza-related topics, reimbursement rate for providers to administer influenza vaccination, and vaccine supply. It additionally proposes specific policy implications, derived from these empirical analyses, to improve the influenza vaccination coverage rate and associated disparities in the U.S., which could be generalizable to other countries.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze occupational accident compensation insurance coverage and occupational accidents incidence for special-type delivery workers. Methods: The data for occupational accident compensation insurance coverage and occupational accidents from 2012 to 2017 were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: Rates of occupational accident compensation insurance coverage of special-type delivery workers decreased gradually from 43.4% in 2012 to 28.5% in 2016, and 29.0% in 2017. Rates of occupational illnesses death per ten thousand workers increased gradually from 2.1‱ in 2013 to 3.1‱ in 2016, and 8.6‱ in 2017. All occupational illness deaths were due to cerebro-cardiovascular diseases. Road traffic accidents and slips accounted for the largest proportion of occupational accidents. Conclusion: Special-type delivery workers have a high risk of industrial accidents, so it is necessary to raise industrial accident insurance coverage and provide professional and systematic occupational safety and health services.

• 한국조사연구학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조사연구학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.241-253
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• 2002

1980년대 이후 전 세계적으로 유선 전화가 빠르게 보급되고 다양한 표본 추출 기법들이 개발되면서 자료 수집 방법으로서 전화 조사가 널리 사용되어 왔다. 한편 1990년대 초반 이후 통신기술이 급격히 발전하면서 대부분의 국가에서 핸드폰의 수가 점차적으로 증가했고 특히 최근 수년간에 걸쳐 그 수가 급증했다. 아울러 유선 전화 대신 핸드폰만을 소유하는 전화 가구들이 증가하면서 많은 국가들에 있어 유선 전화 가구 보급률이 감소하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 유럽 연합, 우리나라를 포함한 아시아 지역, 북미 등에서 핸드폰의 증가에 따른 유선 전화 가구 보급률의 변화와 동향을 살펴보고 특히 우리나라에서도 당면할 수 있는 전화 조사상편의 문제를 다룬다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.2895-2898
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• 2015

Background: In the years 2014, coverage rates of cervical cancer screening in Nakornnayok province accounted to 76.5%. This was lower than the government's specified goal of 80%. Community health volunteers are members of a Thai healthcare alliance established to help promoting healthcare service communication and collaboration at the primary level. Such village health volunteers (VHVs) are established in most villages. Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of cervical cancer screening among VHVs. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 128 VHVs from four Nakornnayok sub-districts; namely KlongYai, Chomphol, Buangsan and Suksara, Thailand. The study was conducted from December 2014 to January 2015. The questionnaire was designed to assess the knowledge and attitude of cervical cancer screening provided by the VHVs. In addition, cervical cancer screening coverage rates of each area were collected. The demographic data, scores of knowledge, attitudes, practices and the cervical cancer screening coverage rates were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: The questionnaire reliability was assessed as 0.81. The total knowledge and attitude scores were 10 and 15 points. The mean knowledge scores of KlongYai, Chomphol, Buangsan and Suksara were 6.8, 7.0, 6.5 and 9.0 points, respectively. The VHVs had a high level of overall knowledge about cervical cancer screening. The mean attitude scores were 12.4, 13.2, 13.4 and 13.1 points. VHVs had a positive attitude to the promotion of cervical cancer screening at the overall level. The percentages of VHVs promoting cervical cancer information in respective districts were 72.2, 94.3, 94.9 and 50.0. However, the cervical cancer screening coverage rates were 62.4%, 34.7%, 80.3% and 47.3% respectively. Conclusions: The knowledge, attitudes and percentages of promoting information of cervical cancer screening among VHVs in the four sub-districts were high but did not correlate with the cervical screening coverage rates for each area. VHVs needed to understand socio-cultural beliefs of the women in the target population and design suitable strategies to encourage higher cervical screening coverage.