• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.250-255
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• 2003

We prepared the photorefractive sol-gel glass based on organic-inorganic hybrid materials containing a charge transporting molecule, second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophore, photosensitizer, and plasticizer. Carbazole and 2-{ 4-[(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-methyl-amino]-benzylidene}-malononitrile were reacted with isocyanato-triethoxy silane and the functionalized silanes were employed to fabricate the efficient photorefractive media induding 2,4,7-trinitrot1uorenone (TNF) to form a charge transfer complex. The prepared sol-gel glass samples showed a large net gain coefficient and high diffraction efficiency at a certain composition. As the concentration of photosensitizer increased, the photorefractive properties were enhanced due to an increment of charge carrier density. Dynamic behavior of the diffraction efficiency was also investigated with the concentration of the photosensitizer.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.219-235
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• 2017

The large container ships and fast patrol boats are complex marine structures. Therefore, their global mechanical behaviour has long been modeled mostly by refined beam theories. Important issues of cross section warping and bending-torsion coupling have been addressed by introducing special functions in these theories with inherent assumptions and thus compromising their robustness. The 3D solid Finite Element (FE) models, on the other hand, are accurate enough but pose high computational cost. In this work, different marine vessel structures have been analysed using the well-known Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF). According to CUF, the governing equations (and consequently the finite element arrays) are written in terms of fundamental nuclei that do not depend on the problem characteristics and the approximation order. Thus, refined models can be developed in an automatic manner. In the present work, a particular class of 1D CUF models that was initially devised for the analysis of aircraft structures has been employed for the analysis of marine structures. This class, which was called Component-Wise (CW), allows one to model complex 3D features, such as inclined hull walls, floors and girders in the form of components. Realistic ship geometries were used to demonstrate the efficacy of the CUF approach. With the same level of accuracy achieved, 1D CUF beam elements require far less number of Degrees of Freedom (DoFs) compared to a 3D solid FE solution.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1612-1614
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• 2004

The piezoelectric ceramics for AE-sensor are desired large electromechanical coupling factor, high mechanical quality factor and good characteristic resonance frequency. In this study, the empirical formula of specimens is used 0.9Pb$(Zr_xTi_{1-x})O_3-0.1Pb(Mn_{1/3}Nb_{1/3}Sb_{1/3})O_3$ (PZT-PMNS). The piezoelectric and dielectric characteristic are investigated by sintering temperature and value of x as functions of $Ti^{2+},\;Zi^{2+}$ moi rate. MPB(morphotropic phase boundary) is defned in the x=0.522. Because it is appeared to the best piezoelectric and dielectric characteristic in the x=0.522, it can be application of AE sensor. PZT-PMNS ceramics without pre-amplifier and filter are tested for AE-signal of PD and arc detecting. The detection characteristic is evaluated wave form, frequency distribution.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.290-298
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• 2018

In order to investigate the effect of thickness on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of (001) PMN-29PT single crystals, three different types of PMN-29PT samples were prepared using the solid-state single crystal growth (SSCG) method: high density crystal [99%], low density crystal [95%], and high density crystal doped with Mn [98.5%]. When their thickness decreased from 0.5 mm to 0.05 mm, their dielectric constant ($K_3{^T}$), piezoelectric constants ($d_{33}$ and $g_{33}$), and electromechanical coupling factor ($k_t$) decreased continuously. However, their dielectric loss (tan ${\delta}$) increased. The addition of Mn to PMN-PT induced an internal bias electric field ($E_I$), increased the coercive electric field ($E_C$), and prevented local depoling. Therefore, Mn-doped PMN-PT crystals show high stability as well as high performance, even in the form of very thin plates (< 0.2 mm), and thus are suitable for application to high frequency composites, medical ultrasound probes, non-destructive testing devices (NDT), and flexible devices.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.53-83
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• 2013

Sea waves induce significant pressures on coastal surfaces, especially on rocky vertical cliffs or breakwater structures (Peregrine 2003). In the present work, this hydrodynamic pressure is considered as the excitation acting on a piezoelectric material sheet, installed on a vertical cliff, and connected to an external electric circuit (on land). The whole hydro/piezo/electric system is modeled in the context of linear wave theory. The piezoelectric elements are assumed to be small plates, possibly of stack configuration, under a specific wiring. They are connected with an external circuit, modeled by a complex impedance, as usually happens in preliminary studies (Liang and Liao 2011). The piezoelectric elements are subjected to thickness-mode vibrations under the influence of incident harmonic water waves. Full, kinematic and dynamic, coupling is implemented along the water-solid interface, using propagation and evanescent modes (Athanassoulis and Belibassakis 1999). For most energetically interesting conditions the long-wave theory is valid, making the effect of evanescent modes negligible, and permitting us to calculate a closed-form solution for the efficiency of the energy harvesting system. It is found that the efficiency is dependent on two dimensionless hydro/piezo/electric parameters, and may become significant (as high as 30 - 50%) for appropriate combinations of parameter values, which, however, corresponds to exotically flexible piezoelectric materials. The existence or the possibility of constructing such kind of materials formulates a question to material scientists.

• 한국전자파학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자파학회 2003년도 종합학술발표회 논문집 Vol.13 No.1
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• pp.288-293
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 IMT2000 중계기에 사용될 수 있는 대역통과 필터를 도파관 구조를 갖는 콤라인 형태의 공진기를 사용하여 설계하였다. 공진기 사이의 결합은 필터의 크기를 작게하기 위하여 공진기 사이의 벽에 슬롯을 이용하여 구현하였다. 5개의 공진기는 동일한 구조를 가지고 있으며 입 출력부분은 최소 임피던스가 되도록 최적화 시켰다. 대역통과 필터 특성은 0.2dB 리플을 갖는 체비세프 함수를 이용하였으며 시뮬레이션 툴을 이용하여 해석한 결과 설계 조건을 만족하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.448-453
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• 2001

피라졸로아진은 농업이나 의약품에서 매우 유용한 화합물등이다. 본 논문에서는 몇 가지 새로운 피라졸로아진의 합성을 보고하고자 한다. 표제 화합물인 3-아미노-1H-피라졸-4-카복실산 에틸을 다이아조화한 후 활성화된 메틸렌 화합물들과 반응시키고 고리화하여 피라졸로[5,1-c][1,2,4]트라이아진 유도체들을 합성하였다. 또한 표제 화합물을 $\alpha$-치환된 신남나이트릴과 반응시켜 피라졸로[1,5-a]피리미딘 유도체들을 합성하였다. 새로 합성된 화합물들의 구조는 화학적 방법과 분광학적 방법을 사용하여 확립하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1127-1130
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• 2013

Formation of the monodisperse submicrospheres consisting of ionic palladium(II) complexes, $[(Me_4en)Pd(L)]_2(X)_4$($Me_4en$ = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine; L = bis(4-(4-pyridylcarboxyl)phenyl)methane; $X^-=BF_4{^-}$ and $ClO_4{^-}$), has been carried out without any templates or additives. The submicrospheres were coated with silicates, and then calcined in air at $550^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, to efficiently form hollow-spherical $SiO_2$ submicro-reactors dotted with palladium(0) nanoparticles (PdNPs). That is, the submicrospheres act as both a template and a source of the palladium metal nanoparticles. The submicro-reactors containing nano-catalysts have been characterized by means of SEM, TEM, and XPS. Notably, the reactors were proved to be very effective for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and hydrogenation reactions.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.232-240
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• 2006

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) formed along with dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran products in the slow combustion of dichlorophenols (DCPs) at $600^{\circ}C$ were identified. Each DCP reactant produced a unique set of PCN products. Major PCN congeners observed in the experiments were consistent with products predicted from a mechanism involving an intermediate formed by ortho-ortho carbon coupling of phenoxy radicals; polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are formed from the same interemediate. Tautomerization of the intermediate and $H_2O$ elimination produces PCDFs; alternatively, CO elimination to form dihydrofulvalene and fusion produces naphthalenes. Only trace amounts of tetrachloronaphthalene congeners were formed, suggesting that the preferred PCN formation pathways from chlorinated phenols involve loss of chlorine. 3,4-DCP produced the largest yields of PCDF and PCN products with two or more chlorine substituents. 2,6-DCP did not produce tri- or tetra-chlorinated PCDF or PCN congeners. It did produce 1,8-DCN, however, which could not be explained.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2010

많은 미생물들이 수용성 망간이온($Mn^{2+}$)을 불용성인 산화망간($Mn^{4+}$) 광물로 산화 침전시키는데, 이와 같은 생물학적 산화반응은 비생물학적 산화반응보다 훨씬 빠르게 일어난다. 이처럼 미생물에 의해 생성된 바이오 산화망간 광물은 표면의 강한 흡착성과 산화환원 반응을 통해 생지구화학 순환과 환경오염물질의 생물흡수도에 큰 역할을 한다. 본 논평은 양자역학의 밀도범함수 이론에 바탕을 둔 전산모사를 이용하여 산화망간 광물 표면의 독성금속 흡착의 자세한 기작과 망간원자 빈자리의 광화학적 역할을 새롭게 밝힌 최근 연구결과를 소개한다.