• Plant Resources
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 1999

In vitro shoot regeneration from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants derived from germinating mature Impatiens seeds. The induction of organogenetic tissue was also influenced by the cotyledon and hypocotyl. Multiple shoot induction was higher in hypocotyl than in the cotyledon explant with Thidiazuron and a NAA medium.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.253-258
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• 2004

Plant regeneration depending on explant type was inves-tigated with cotyledon, hypocotyl, and leaf explants of garland chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.) cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of SAP and NAA combination. Among the three different types of explants, hypocotyl explants grown on MS medium containing $1.0{\mu}M\;NAA,\;1.0{\mu}M\;BA\;and\;6{\mu}M\;AgNO_3$ produced the highest adventitious shoots (4.67 per explant). Hypocotyl explants not only produced more vigorous shoots, which regenerated aster than the cotyledon and leaf explants. An efficient root formation was observed in MS medium containing $3\%$sucrose. The concentration of NAA did not show significant effects on root formation. Results from this experiment suggested that hypocotyl explants were efficient for the regeneration of garland chrysanthemum.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2009

An efficient system for high frequency plant regeneration was established through investigating various factors such as plant growth regulator combinations, explant types and ages, and addition of $AgNO_3$ influenced on shoot regeneration in Brassica juncea L. cv. BARI sarisha-10. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) and 1 mg/L BA (6-benzyladenine) showed the maximum shoot regeneration frequency (56.67%) among the different combinations of NAA and BA. Explant type, explant age, and addition of $AgNO_3$ also significantly affected shoot regeneration. Of the four type of explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl, root, and leaf explants)- cotyledon explants produced the highest shoot regeneration frequency and hypocotyls explants produced the highest number of shoots per explant, whereas root explants did not produce any shoot. The cotyledonary explants from Four-day-old seedlings showed the maximum shoot regeneration frequency and number of shoots per explant. Shoot regeneration frequency increased significantly by adding $AgNO_3$ to the medium. Two mg/L $AgNO_3$ appeared to be the best for shoot regeneration with the highest shoot regeneration frequency (86.67%) and number of shoots per explant (7.5 shoots). Considerable variation in shoot regeneration from cotyledonay explants was observed within the B. juncea L. genotypes. The shoot regeneration frequency ranged from 47.78% for cv. Shambol to 91.11% for cv. Rai-5. In terms of the number of shoots produced per explant, B. juncea L. cv. Daulot showed the maximum efficiency. MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA showed the highest frequency of rooting. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to pot soil and grown to maturity in the greenhouse. All plants were fertile and morphologically identical with the source plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2007

A reliable and effective tissue culture system was established for Perilla frutescens (perilla) using different cultivar, explant source, and growth regulator composition in medium. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA was maximum at shoot induction. Cotyledon explants formed more shoots than hypocotyl explants. The frequency of plant regeneration through organogenesis was higher (22.8%) than that (6.1%) of somatic embryogenesis. Five genotypes of perilla were screened for the feasibility of shoot regeneration, cotyledon explant of 'Manbaek' showed the highest shoot induction at a frequency of 27.3% among the tested cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2000

The experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of light condition and polarity of explant on adventitious shoot formation from cotyledon of apple in vitro The treatment of light culture after 10days dark treatment showed effective result than other treatments on the rate of adventitious shoot formation on light intensity treatments and also the treatment of blue light treatment after 4days dark treatment showed more effective result than other treatments in light quality treatments. The polarity of explant influence on adventitious shoot formation. Adventitious multiple shoot formation occured at the proximal end of an excised cotyledon. In other words. shoot organogenesis occured at the proximal cut surfaces of both proximal and distal explants rather than at the distal cut surface of proximal explants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.72-78
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• 2013

To establish an efficient protocol for plant regeneration of Brassica juncea L. Czern, the effects of explant types, explant ages and cytokinins on shoot regeneration were examined in this study. Shoot regeneration was markedly affected by the explant types used in the following order: cotyledon with petiole> hypocotyl> leaf with petiole> cotyledon> leaf. Five-day-old seedlings of cotyledon with petiole explants showed the maximum shoot regeneration frequency. Of the six cytokinins-6-${\gamma}$-${\gamma}$-Dimethylallylamino-purine (2-ip), 6-${\gamma}$-${\gamma}$-Dimethylallylamino-purine riboside (2-ip riboside), 6-Benzyl amino-purine (BAP), Thidiazuron (TDZ), Zeatin, Zeatin riboside-TDZ ($8{\mu}M$) was found to be the best cytokinin for shoot regeneration with the highest shoot induction frequency (80%) from cotyledon with petiole after 4 weeks. All the regenerated plantlets were developed well and they produced morphologically normal flowers.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2001

Induction of somatic embryogenesis from Brazilian eggplant variety F-100 was studied in response to four auxin types. NAA, at the optimal concentration of 54 $\mu\textrm{m}$, was the only one that resulted in the induction of somatic embryos in either leaf and cotyledon explant and, at murk lower intensity and frequency, in hypocotyl and epicotyl explants. The optimal temperatures for embryo induction were 28 and 35$^{\circ}C$ for cotyledon and leaf explants. Incubation at 22$^{\circ}C$ caused a significant reduction both in the frequency and intensity of induction. This system was used to study the effects of position and orientation of the tissue on the culture medium as well as of antibiotics and explant co-cultivation with Agrobacterium on the efficiency of somatic embryo induction. The intensity of embryo induction was greater in the midsections of cotyledons relative to apical and basal regions, when the abaxial surface was in contact with the culture medium. The presence of antibiotics resulted in approximately 40-60% reduction of embryo induction relative to control explants, which originated 335$\pm$26.6 embryos. Co-cultivation with Agrobacterium before treatment with antibiotics caused a more drastic reduction (80-99%). Ampicilin treatment after cocultivalion with Agrobacterium caused the least inhibitory effect, allowing the production of 60 embryos/explant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2001

To select the section with shoot formation ability, the calli and shoot formation from three sections (first leaf including cotyledonary node, hypocotyl and cotyledon explants) of 5-days-seedlings of soybean were induced on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BAP, 3% sucrose, and 0.3% gelrite for one month. The first leaf section exhibited the highest shoot formation rate (51%), followed the hypocotyl section (10%) and the cotyledon section (0%). The shoot formation rates and shoot number of the four excised sections (whole first leaf, a half of the first leaf, a third of the first leaf and only node) of the first leaf were also investigated on the same medium. A half of the first leaf explant and the third of the first leaf explant had higher shoot formation rates (76-80%) and numbers (3-4 / explants) than those in other two explants. Effects of six cytokinins (kinetin, zeatin, BAP, 2iP, PBA, and TDZ) on shoot formation were determined, using the half of the first leaf explants. Zeatin (1.0 mg/L) exhibited the highest in shoot formation rate (94%) and numbers (8 / explant). In addition, the combined effects of three cytokinins (zeatin, BAP, and TDZ; 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L, respectively) and an auxin (IAA; 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L) were determined. The combination (1:1, v/v) of zeatin (1.0 mg/L) and IAA (1.0 mg/L) exhibited the highest in shoot formation rate (96%) and numbers (16 / explant), twice more than zeatin (1.0 mg/L) alone. The shoot cuttings were transferred and cultivated on the rooting media supplemented with only auxin, IBA at various concentrations. The highest root formation (8 / shoot) was achieved on the medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L. After 4 weeks of cultivation, the plantlets with an extensive root system were transplanted in pots with a soil mixture of vermiculite and fine sand. Transferred to field, about 75% of the plantlets survived.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1999

Cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of perilla were cultured on MS medium containing a combined concentration of BA(0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mg/$\ell$) and NAA(0.1, 0.5 and 2.0mg/$\ell$) in order to regenerate the explant and induce the callus. The best regeneration of the explant and induction of the callus were observed in a combined concenteration of 0.5mg/$\ell$ of BA and 0.5mg/$\ell$ NAA both in cotyledon and hypocotyl explants. In cotyledon explants, rooting was achieved upon transferring shoots to MS medium containing 0.5mg/$\ell$ of BA and 0.1mg/$\ell$ of NAA. We also investigated the change of protein and RNA content on developmental stage of callus and plant regeneration of perilla. Protein content was increased but RNA content was decreased as the culture period increases. The banding pattern of polypeptide revealed that both 30KD and 45KD polypeptides were obvious in cotyledon obtained from pre-culture explants, but only 30KD polypeptide was further getting obvious as the culture period increases.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1981

Explants of mature root tissues and calli derived from root and cotyledon of Panax ginseng were cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2, 4-dichlorophen-oxyacetic acid(3,4-D), naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA), benzyladenine, and gibberellic acid to assess their capacity to regenerate organs. Root formation at high percentage (46.2-61.1%) was obtained 20-30 days after culturing on media supplemented with combinations of NAA(5 mg/l) and kinetin (1 mg/l), And calli derived from cotyledon produced numerous embryoids in media($\frac{1}{2}$MS) containing 2,4-D(0.5 mg/l) and kinetin (0.5 mg/l). Reculture of these embryoids in media($\frac{1}{2}$MS) enriched with 1 mg/l of benzyladenine and 1 mg/l of gibberellic acid resulted in more plantlet regeneration.