• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.489-490
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.11-11
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• 1999

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.32-32
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• 2000

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.123-128
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• 2000

To enhance in vitro plantlet regeneration efficiency of soybean through embryogenesis, the culture conditions such as material part and size of immature seed, 2,4-D, pH and solidifying agents for somatic embryogenesis were investigated. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from the immature embryo, immature cotyledon and embryonic axis explants of the immature seed on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D. The highest rate (up to 22.9%) of somatic embryogenesis was obtained from the immature cotyledon, following embryonic axis and the immature embryo. The rate varied with the developmental stages of seed. The maximum rate (25.4%) of embryogenesis was obtained from 3-4 mm length of the seed (after 25 days of flowering). The optimum concentration of 2,4-D for embryogenesis was 10 mg/L. The optimum pH was at 5.8 and solidifying agent for medium was better with 0.4% gelrite than with agar. For rapid multiplication of shoot tips from the germinating somatic embryos, they were cultured on MS medium containing 2 mg/L indole-3-butyyic acid (IBA) and 1 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA). After then somatic embryos with one and three cotyledons were transferred to the growth regulator free medium. The medium exhibited the higher rate (ca. 50%) of development than the multiplication medium.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.316-322
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• 2009

This study was performed to quantitatively analyze free amino acids in the bean sprouts of three different merchants by the parts and the cooking methods in order to evaluate the nutritional and sensory values of bean sprouts. Three merchant bean sprouts were analyzed from total, cotyledon and hypocotyls. Aspartic acid was the most common acid isolated from bean sprouts from all three merchants and was found more in the hypocotyls than the cotyledon. On the other hand, arginine, the second most common amino acid, was found more in the cotyledon than the hypocotyls while valine, the third or fourth most common amino acid in total bean sprout, occurred in a greater amount in hypocotyls than in cotyledons. After cooking, was the most concentrated amino acid in the liquid portion of both boiled bean sprouts and bean sprout soup was glutamic acid. Total bean sprouts from merchant C showed significantly higher contents of the most abundant amino acids, such as aspartic acid, arginine, alanine, serine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine and tyrosine (p<0.05). After cooking, bean sprouts from merchant B showed less of a decrease in amino acid content in the solid parts than the products from merchants A and C. In conclusion, aspartic acid was the major amino acid in bean sprouts, regardless of the source, but after cooking, glutamic acid became the most abundant amino acid in the liquid part. Additionally, the pattern of release of the amino acids from the solid beans to the liquid portion during cooking was different with each merchant.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 1984

Change of protein component in soybean sprout grown at four temperatures was investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Main bands were identified using purified seed globulins. Electrophoretogram showed 5 main bands (a. b, c, d, and p) and 10 minor bands in seed and maximum number (19) of bands (8 main band including 0 and 11 minor) at 4th day after germination in cotyledon. All bands appeared in axis protein but resolution was poor. In cotyledon, a component (most rapidly) and b+c+d component decreased while o+p component and other minor components were increased at 6th day and decreased thereafter. In axis all components increased rapidly, especially in minor components and b+c+d component. High growing temperature accelerated decrease in cotyledon and increase in axis of protein, especially for 11S. The a component was identified as 7S, b+c+d as 11S and o+p as 2S globulin.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.105-108
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• 2005

Culture conditions for plant regeneration of Camellia japonica were achieved by organogenesis in explants of cotyledon. Seed cotyledons were cultured on MS medium containing various auxin, 2,4-D or NAA and cytokinins BA. The adventitious shoot buds were efficiently formed without embryogenesis on the basal region of cotyledon cultured on MS medium supplemented with $0.1\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 2.4-D and $1\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ BA. Seed cotyledons could be used as a source of explants in experiments of genetic transformation of the genotypes evaluated for improving the efficiency of production of transgenic Camellia plants.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.2 s.54
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• pp.74-80
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• 1999

Excised cotyledon segments of ginseng zygotic embryos cultured on MS basal medium without growth regulators produced somatic embryos near the basal excised portion at a high frequency. The frequency of somatic embryo formation on the segments declined along with advancing zygotic embryo maturity. In immature cotyledons, all the cells of the epidermis and subepidermis were smaller and more densely cytoplasmic than those in mature cotyledons, and from which multiple cells participated in embryogenic division to form somatic embryos with multiple cotyledons and fasciated radicles (poly-embryos). But in germinating cotyledons, only the epidermal cells were densely cytoplasmic and singularly competent to develop into somatic embryos resulting in single-embryos with closed radicles. This result means that the origin and development of somatic embryos is determined according to whether the cells participating in embryonic division are in a single state or a massive state relative to cotyledon maturity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2000

The experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of light condition and polarity of explant on adventitious shoot formation from cotyledon of apple in vitro The treatment of light culture after 10days dark treatment showed effective result than other treatments on the rate of adventitious shoot formation on light intensity treatments and also the treatment of blue light treatment after 4days dark treatment showed more effective result than other treatments in light quality treatments. The polarity of explant influence on adventitious shoot formation. Adventitious multiple shoot formation occured at the proximal end of an excised cotyledon. In other words. shoot organogenesis occured at the proximal cut surfaces of both proximal and distal explants rather than at the distal cut surface of proximal explants.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2007

As the zygotic embryo of North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) matured during stratification over 203 days it grew from 0.75 to 5.2 mm. Embryo excision and culturing on media containing different concentrations of two growth regulators, gibberellic acid ($GA_3$, 1 to 10 ${\mu}M$) and benzyladenine (BA, 1 to 5 ${\mu}M$), during stratification, showed that shoot and root number and the shoot, root and cotyledon length increased with increased stratification time. Gibberellic acid was the more effective growth regulator for increasing shoot and root number and shoot, root and cotyledon lengths. Immature embryos (stratified for up to 63 days) needed growth regulators for further development. Cultures on $GA_3$ at the last culture date (stratified for 203 days) when embryos were mature, produced multiple shoots but there was no effect of $GA_3$ concentration. Benzyladenine inhibited shoot and root growth regardless of embryo stratification. Growth regulators had little effect on cotyledon length of mature embryos. Embryos cultured on $GA_3$ combined with BA were green on all culture dates whereas greening in the control and BA treatments increased with culture date. The BA treatments induced 100% swelling of the embryos on the final culture date while in the control and $GA_3$ treatments there was no swelling. There was little or no curling in the control and BA treatments and a linear decrease in curling with culture date in the $GA_3$ and $GA_3$ + BA treatments.