• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-25
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• 2010

Archaeological evidence shows that cotton fibres of the genus Gossypium were first used for textile production at Mehrgarh, Pakistan in the Neolithic period ($6^{th}$ millenium BC). Eventually the cotton plant and textiles found their way to Egypt and through there, to Greece. However, the chronological origins of the cultivation and/or use of cotton fibres in textile production in ancient Greece are ambiguous. The main sources of information are ancient written texts and excavated textile finds. Both indicate that the introduction of cotton in Greece can be placed in the mid-first millenium BC. However, it is not clear whether the cultivation of the plant and consequently the production of cotton textiles was established in that period or whether another cotton species was produced and used locally in Greece or whether isolated examples of cotton textiles had been imported in Greece before the cotton plant. A more comprehensive analytical study of surviving textile finds coupled with archaeological research for plant production and cultivation would provide the answer to these questions.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2005

The effect of cotton leaf mosaic disease on morphology, yield and fibre characteristics was examined for a susceptible cotton candidate variety CRIS-168. Plants inoculated at most susceptible growth stage (six week) under screen house showed severe mosaic symptoms. There was a significant reduction in plant height and yield. Cotton leaf mosaic disease was found to produce severe effects on plant morphology with 24.1% reduction in plant height, 25% in internode length and 37.5% in number of sympodia on main stem. However no changes were observed against number of monopodial branches per plant. Inoculated plants showed 82% decrease in yield/plant, 80% in number of boll set/ plant, 12.1% in boll weight, 12.8% in lint weight, 10.8% in seed weight, and 6.8% in seed index. Cotton leaf mosaic disease also showed effects on fibre characteristics with 0.8% decrease in GOT and 1.6% in fibre length. In contrast, uniformity ratio, fibre fineness and maturity index was increased by 20.5%, 14.4% and 0.9%, respectively.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.580-583
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• 2016

The cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is one of the most devastating pathogens of cotton. This malady, known as cotton blue disease, is widespread in South America where it causes huge crop losses. Recently the disease has been reported from India. We noticed occurrence of cotton blue disease and chickpea stunt disease in adjoining cotton and chickpea fields and got interested in knowing if these two viral diseases have some association. By genetic studies, we have shown here that CLRDV is very close to chickpea stunt disease associated virus (CpSDaV). We were successful in transmitting the CLRDV from cotton to chickpea. Our studies indicate that CpSDaV and CLRDV in India are possibly two different strains of the same virus. These findings would be helpful in managing these serious diseases by altering the cropping patterns.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the inhibitive effects of cotton plant sectional extracts in cancer cell lines, Calu-6(human, Caucasian, lung, adenocarcinoma) and MCF-7(human, Caucasian, breast, adenocarcinoma). The incidence of cancer has been increasing even in korea due to the change of dietary life and westernization and becoming conspicuous as the disease threatening health. But cancer treatment have not been fully effective against the high incidence or low survival rate of most cancer. Methods : Calu-6 and MCF-7 cells were cultured and seeded in cell culture plates, respectively. And sectional extracts of cotton plant were treated to MCF-7 cells. Results and Conclusion : Sectional extracts of cotton plant showed no anti-proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, but root and stem extracts showed strong anti-proliferative effects on Calu-6 cells. Fruit, leaf and flower extracts also showed anti-proliferative effects on Calu-6 cells but not so much like root and stem extracts. But seed extract showed no anti-proliferative effect on Calu-6 cells.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to assess the possibility of detecting Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) from the herd-based oral fluids specimens collected by the cotton ropes from pig farms that were found as FMDV nonstructural protein (NSP) antibodies positive. The cotton ropes were applied to detect FMDV in the selected pig farms which NSP antibodies were continuously detected in 2016, including the one pig farm which FMDV antigen were detected at the specimens from the pigsty environment. As the result, FMDV antigen were not detected in the oral fluid specimens collected by the cotton ropes. Theoretically, to detect FMDV antigen from the pigs with NSP antibodies has very low possibility because FMDV antigen disappeared at the time when NSP antibodies were produced by FMDV. Therefore, in order to detect FMDV antigen from the oral fluids using the cotton rope, it would be more effective to be applied to target the FMDV infected pigs rather than the NSP antibodies positive pigs. The collected oral fluids using cotton rope could be useful test specimens to monitor high-density pig populations for FMDV infection. Then, oral fluids sampling using cotton rope will be used for the efficient FMDV surveillance to detect FMDV antigen.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.117-122
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• 2002

Cotton Glutathione S-Transferase(GST: EC 2.5.1.18) was cloned and Gh-5 cDNA was overexpressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. The transformation of cotton GST in tobacco plant was confirmed by northern blot analysis. Type I and Type II transcript patterns were identified in Gh-5 transgenic tobacco plants. Type I transcripts was only discussed in this paper. Glutathione and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) were used as the substrates, and the activity of GST in the type I transgenic plants was about 2.5-fold higher than the non-expressers and wild type tobacco plants. The expression of cotton GST in tobacco plants proved that Gh-5 could be translated into functional protein. Type I transgenic plants produced functional GST in the cells. Type I showed higher GST specific activity than Type II in the transgenic plants. Control and transgenic seedlings were grown in the growth chamber and under the light at 15$^{\circ}C$, and the effects of cotton GST in the seedlings was evaluated. The growth rate of Gh-5 overexpressors was better than the control and non-transgenic tobacco plants. Salinity tolerance was also analyzed on the seeds of transgenic plants. Seeds of Gh-5 overexpressors and the wild type tobacco seedlings were germinated and grown at 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl solution. Gh-5 transgenic seedlings showed higher growth rate over control seedlings at both 50 and 100 mM NaCl solution. But at 0, 150, and 200 mM NaCl concentration, the difference in growth rate was not detected.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.62-69
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• 2007

Twenty-nine isolates of Fusarium solani, originally isolated from diseased cotton roots in Egypt, were evaluated for their ability to cause symptoms on four genetically diverse cotton cultivars. Analysis of variance showed highly significant variance among cultivars, and isolates as well as the isolate x genotype interactions were highly significant(p < 0.0001). Although most isolates showed intermediate pathogenicity, there were two groups of isolates that showed significant differences in pathogenicity on all four cultivars. None of the cultivars were found to be immune to any of the isolates. On all cultivars, there were strong significant positive correlations between dry weight and each of preemergence damping-off, survival, and plant height. Considering 75% similarity in virulence, two groups comprising a total of 29 isolates were recognized. Ninety-three percent of the isolates have the same pathogenicity patterns with consistently low pathogenicity, and narrow diversity of virulence. Isolates Fs4 and Fs5 shared the same distinct overall virulence spectrum with consistently high pathogenicity. There was no clear-cut relationship between virulence of the isolates based on reaction pattern on 4 cultivars and each of host genotype, previous crop, and geographic origin.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2015

Bt-cotton germplasm, consisting of 75 genotypes was evaluated against cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) under high inoculum pressure in the field and using graft inoculation in glasshouse by visual symptom scoring assessments. None of the tested genotype was found disease free under both evaluation tests. Under field conditions in 2011, 3 genotypes were found resistant, 4 moderately resistant, 3 tolerant, 2 moderately susceptible and one susceptible; in 2012, 3 genotypes were tolerant, 7 moderately susceptible, 5 susceptible and 38 highly susceptible; in 2013, one was moderately susceptible and 51 were highly susceptible with varying degree of percent disease index (PDI) and severity index (SI). However, through graft evaluation in glasshouse, none of the graft inoculated plant was symptomless. All tested genotypes showed disease symptoms with SI values ranging between 5.0 and 6.0, and latent period between 12 and 14 days. Of the 75 genotypes evaluated using graft inoculation, 11 were found susceptible with SI values of 5.0 to 5.4 while remaining 64 were highly susceptible with SI values of 5.5 to 6.0. Inoculated plants of all tested genotypes exhibited severe disease symptoms within 10 days after the appearance of initial symptoms. No reduction in SI value was observed until the end of the experiment i.e., 90 days after grafting. Information generated under the present study clearly demonstrates that no sources of resistance to CLCuD are available among the tested Bt-cotton genotypes. So, a breeding programme is needed to introgress the CLCuD-resistance from other resistant sources to agronomically suitable Bt-cotton genotypes.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.16-24
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• 1995

Traditionally dyeing fabric with dyestuff extracted from Indigo was a popular method of obtaining blue color in the world before synthetic dyestuff was developed in the 1890's. As the Korean traditional process of dyeing extracted from Indigo, there are two kinds of dyeing process; The deposite dyeing of muddy Indigo and the leaf dyeing of Indigo plant. In order to study the properties of leaf dyeing of Indigo, the dyeing properties, color difference on cotton and silk fabrics under several dyeing conditions were investigated. In the dyeing of cotton and silk fabrics with leaf dyeing of Indigo, the dyeing affinity of silk was higher than that of cotton, the cotton and silk fabrics were dyed dark yellowish Green and dark Blue, respectively. the dye uptake increased with the increase of dyeing temperature and of the unmber of dyeing times. When cotton and silk fabrics dyed with leaf dyeing of Indigo at 6$0^{\circ}C$ for six number of times, the K/S value of dyed cotton and silk were calculated 1.286, 2.613 respectively.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.18-24
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop the dyeing method with dry leaves of indigo plant. Coloring matter was extracted from dry leaves of indigo plant with hot sodium hydroxide solution. The extract was reduced with sodium dithionite, and it was used for dyeing cotton fabrics under various conditions. UV-visible absorption spectra of extract, reduction rate of extracts by reducing agent, and the surface color of dyed cotton, lightfastness were examined. For the initial 20 minutes, the absorbance of indigo solution rapidly decreased. However, several hours later, the decreasing rate retarded. By repeating the dyeing process, the shade looked deeper and deeper. At $30-40^{\circ}C$, the value of K/S reached the highest point. The concentration of indigo solution in dye bath seemed to playa critical role for the reaction of the reducing agent. It was observed that the surface color of cotton fabrics was getting bluish and its degree of value and chroma seemed slightly decreased as the K/S value was increasing. The lightfastness was clearly enhanced by increasing the K/S value.