• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.21-33
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• 2023

Purpose: To study, analyze, and investigate how to improve the service quality distribution and perceived value of passenger loyalty in low-cost airlines in Thailand. Research Design, data, and methodology: The data was collected from low-cost airline passengers who had used low-cost airlines within Thailand more than twice in the last 12 months. In total, 632 questionnaires were received, representing 97.32%, and in-depth interviews were done using the semi-structured technique. The key informants were either executives or representatives from 4 low-cost airlines operating in Thailand. We utilized structural modeling techniques to examine the data relevant to the investigation. Results: The results show that low-cost airline passengers in Thailand have strong opinions about the perceived value of the passenger loyalty of low-cost airlines within this sector of the Thai air travel industry. The variables were sorted in order of importance and included passenger loyalty, satisfaction, trust, perceived value, and service quality distribution. The relationship between the service quality distribution variables and the significance in relation to passenger loyalty according to low-cost airlines in Thailand showed that service quality distribution had a positive effect on perceived value and that passenger satisfaction has a direct positive effect on passenger loyalty. Conclusions: The 8 QPSTL strategy is successful in terms of service quality distribution and passenger satisfaction, therefore it is an important aspect of low-cost airlines in Thailand.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.71-80
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate the effects of fair value valuation of biological assets and bearer plants measured at historical cost on the cost of third-party capital. The study contributes to the agricultural sector and the International Accounting Standard - IAS 41, which has been modified to remove the requirement to apply fair value for bearer plants, one of the primary biological assets with no active market. For this, 182 companies from 39 countries were studied in the years 2020 and 2021, with information taken from the Thomson Reuters Eikon platform. The methodology involves regression by the ordinary least squares method based on the model of Daly and Skaife (2016). The results show that the biological asset at fair value does not influence the cost of debt and that the measurement of bearer plants at historical cost has no effect on the cost of debt. Fair value did not change the perceived cost of debt of the analyzed companies in the studied period, contrary to Daly and Skaife (2016). Finally, the cost of third-party capital can be influenced by other aspects related to profit quality, which were not examined in this paper, such as profit management.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.42-45
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• 2012

In construction industry, the term 'procurement' is considered as a project based job where clients and contractors are always keen to observe performance indicators. These indicators represent financial and non-financial efficiency of project activities. Among these, the monitoring of financial indicators such as cost monitoring is an ongoing process and its importance cannot be undermined during the project life cycle. It can be monitored by using traditional approach of direct reporting of actual cost against budget. However, the comparison of budget versus actual spending does not indicate the worth of the work which is completed at any given time. This approach does not represent the true cost performance of the project. Because of these limitations, this paper discusses the applications of Earned Value Analysis (EVA) for cost monitoring of construction projects in Malaysia. Besides traditional approach, EVA is a three-dimensional approach that compares three cost indicators i.e. the budgeted value of work scheduled with the earned value of physical work completed and the actual cost of work completed. Therefore, cost monitoring by EVA is an objective measure of actual work performed. This paper uses a case study, an example application of EVA as a cost monitoring tool. This case study reaffirms the benefits of using EVA for project cash flow analysis and forecasting.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.101-118
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to construct a value-oriented sizing and cost estimation model for system integration projects. In particular, this study is to build a system architecture design and integration cost model, and a network design and implementation cost model. Unlike software development projects, system integration projects include knowledge-intensive professional services on system architecture and network design areas. Because of these work's high invisibility, the cost of these services is hard to estimate and measure. Therefore, we need to develop value-oriented cost models. This study presents 6 value-oriented cost models, and tests statistical significance of these models with real system integration project data. The results show that cost factors on these models are valid, and models are statistically significant. Future work is needed to integrate various cost models and apply the whole model to field projects to increase model's prediction accuracy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.209-230
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• 2007

This paper analyzed the social cost function of a congestion-prone service system, which is developed from the social cost minimization problem. The analysis focused on the following two issues that have not been explicitly explored in the previous studies: the effect of the heterogeneity of value-of-travel-times among customers on the structure of cost functions; and the structure of the supplier cost function constituting the social cost function. The analysis gave a number of findings that could be summarized as follows. First, the social marginal cost for one unit increase in system output having a certain value-of-travel-time is the sum of the service time cost for that value-of-travel-time and the marginal congestion cost for the average value-of-service-time of all the system outputs. Second, the marginal congestion cost equals the marginal supplier cost of system output under the condition that supplier compensates the customers for the changed service time costs which is incurred by the marginal capacity increase necessary for economically facilitating an additional system output. Third, the compensated marginal cost is the multiple of the marginal capacity cost and the inverse of system utilization ratio, if the service time function is homogeneous of degree zero in its inputs.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.02b
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• pp.84-86
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• 1994

AS A SOCIETY, we are in conflict with ourselves about the cost of health care. 1 On one hand, we want the best care possible, regardless of cost. On the other hand, we are not willing to pay the cost of the care we want. Our conflict parallels a flaw in the medical marketplace. An essential condition for achieving an equilibrium between cost and value is that the two must be connected through decisions. When people decide what products and services (goods) they want, they must not only see the value they will receive, but they mast also be responsible for the costs. Because of a variety of features of the medical marketplace-most notably third-party coverage, third-party advice, and uncertainty about outcomes-the required connection between value and cost is severed. The result is what we see. One side of our collective mind demands more services while the other side cries that costs are too high. Resolving our conflict will require connecting value to cost. An essential step in accomplishing this will be to incorporate costs in practice policies. 1 As controversial as that thought might seem (the great majority of practice policies currently do not take costs into account except in the most rudimentary way), arriving at the conclusion is the easy part. A more difficult issue is how to implement the goal of connecting value to cost. Suppose we agree that, in principle, costs should be considered when practice policies are designed, and that an activity should be recommended and covered only if its health outcomes (benefits minus hanns) are deemed to be worth its costs. The next questions are, Who should do the deeming? What should the deemers be asked?

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.277-286
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• 2019

The study aims to analyze the influence of egoistic, altruistic and biospheric value on green functional benefit, green monetary cost, green satisfaction and green loyalty. The study analyzes the effect of green functional benefit and green monetary cost on green satisfaction and green loyalty, as well as green satisfaction on green loyalty. The study employs quantitative methods with customers who have green brand purchase experience in Indonesia. Non-probability sampling was conducted using purposive sampling method based on predetermined criteria, which are customers who have already purchase and use green brand products. A total of 402 samples were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling. The result shows that the data support hypotheses on egoistic and biospheric value, hypotheses on green functional benefit effect to green satisfaction and green loyalty, as well as green monetary cost effect to green loyalty. The other hypotheses are not supported by data. As a conclusion, it is egoistic and biospheric value that has positive effect on green loyalty, while green functional benefit and green monetary cost act as mediation between the value orientation and green loyalty. As managerial implication, green brand marketing strategy should incorporate egoistic and biospheric values in messages in advertising and promotion.

• IE interfaces
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2004

The objective of bridge construction cost allocation is to distribute in a fair and rational manner the bridge construction costs among those vehicles using the bridge. In most bridge construction cost allocation studies, bridge construction costs are mainly distributed according to traffic load(gross vehicle weight), without any consideration of bridge capacity requirements(the number of lanes). In this paper, a bridge cost allocation method for considering both traffic capacity and traffic loads is developed. The proposed method is based on cooperative game theory, particularly two concepts known as the Aumann-Shapley (A-S) value and Shapley value. This method can help to analyze the impact of traffic capacity costs. By applying the proposed method to an example, traffic capacity cost is found to be high so that traffic capacity should be considered to allocate the bridge construction costs to vehicle classes in a more equitable manner.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.161-163
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• 2012

Recently on Value Engineering(VE) and Life Cycle Cost(LCC) social interests is increasing. The government Turn Key, BTL projects and public works projects, such as VE and LCC Analysis on the value and economic analysis is mandatory. And accordingly the VE and LCC analysis is underway for the various studies. However, there is a problem existing in the LCC analysis. Worth the cost varies according to the flow of time. However, the real interest rate during the LCC analysis of buildings in calculation time for interest rates and inflation are not considering the value of the flow. In other words, a few years using the average value of the deterministic analysis method has been adopted. These costs for the definitive analysis of the cost of an uncertain future, unforeseen changes resulting hazardous value. In this study of the last 15 years interest rates and inflation targeting by using Monte-Carlo Simulation is to perform probabilistic analysis. This potential to overcome uncertainties of the cost of building a more scientific and LCC Estimation of the probability value of the real interest rate is presented.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.7
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• pp.1293-1298
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• 2011

This paper presents an Unified Index which can evaluate a performance of a distribution system based on value-based methodology. Reliability cost and voltage sags cost are calculated for each load point using Reliability Sector Customer Damage Function(SCDF). Aging cost is calculated for each load point using Aging SCDF. Power loss cost and operation cost are calculated for the system. By summation of each cost of load point and system, power quality cost can be obtained. Finally, this paper developed an unified index which can show the performance of a distribution system. Presented method has been applied to a real system, the usefulness of the method has been verified.