• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2004

Application systems outsourcing is an important part of IT outsourcing services. Application systems outsourcing costs is determined by service levels of outsourcers. Recent researches show there is a strong need to build industry-specific cost estimation models. In this study, an industry-specific application systems operation cost estimation model is suggested. We reviewed operation cost models of previous researches, and proposed a cost estimation model for security industry. Industry-specific service factors are defined and service levels are determined by Interviews with experts. The proposed model is tested and adjusted with empirical data. The new model shows more accurate prediction than previous general models. Future research will be needed to develop outsourcing cost estimation models for other industries and to refine cost models developed in this study.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.197-210
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• 2012

This paper presents the ways that can improve the Software Cost Estimation Guidelines in order to replace those that are expected to be abolished at February, 2012, and solve the problems that are being occurred in the current Software Cost Estimation Guidelines. By using multidimensional modeling of OLAP(On-Line Analytical Processing), this paper does three dimensional modeling that considers the product/service view, process view and skill view. Also, it presents the identification method of cost estimation data through the view of each dimension. Furthermore, it defines the software cost estimation process and adapts them into the bottom up estimation and the top down estimation. Finally, it proposes the access of cost estimation data by the multidimensional analysis of OLAP.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.139-150
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify nursing service costs associated with all health care costs incurred by the institution. Methods: This study was an empirical case study research in which the nursing cost was separated from total medical cost. The nursing cost index was calculated through a cost allocation method after summarizing costs for personnel, raw materials and administration of each department in one public hospital. The 2014 budget plan, published in 'Public Hospitals Alert', was used as data and the data were analyzed using the Microsoft Office EXCEL 2013 program. Results: When comparing total medical costs and nursing costs, the nursing cost were 27.14% of the total medical cost. The nursing cost per nurse per hour was calculated as \29,128 The nursing cost per inpatient per day was calculated as \157,970, and the administration cost per patient was calculated as \133,710. Conclusion: The results of the research present the process of cost allocation of specific cost elements in the hospital and evidence for administrative costs which in the past have been only vaguely formulated. These are the significant implications of this study.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

The paper aims to investigate the impact of trade cost on export: A Case Study Vietnam. The study conducts a static linear panel data analysis on annual data covering bilateral export between Vietnam and 70 major importers of Vietnam from 2001 to 2013. The gravity model has been one of the most successful applications in empirical trade. In this paper we apply the gravity model to estimate the impact of trade cost on Vietnamese bilateral export value. The paper uses gravity model to estimate the impact of trade cost on Vietnamese bilateral export value. The empirical results derive from a static linear panel data analysis (fixed effects model) indicates that trade cost plays a crucial role in determining the export value that occurs between Vietnam and trading partners. Besides, population of importing country, trade openness of importing country, gross domestic product of importing country and gross domestic product of Vietnam are also significant determinants of Vietnamese bilateral export value. The main findings indicates that trade cost plays a very important role in the Vietnamese bilateral export performance. This suggests that the Vietnamese government should attempt to improve domestic trade costs to enhance competitiveness and increase export growth sustainably.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Purpose: This study measures the effect of Information Technology (IT) on both cost and profit efficiency of State-owned Commercial Banks (SOCBs) in Bangladesh. Research design, data and methodology: Yearly Non-IT and IT data are collected from the annual report of SOCBs of Bangladesh from 2008 to 2017. Variable Return to Scale (VRS) cost Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Profit DEA are employed to measure the efficiency of SOCBs and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) is used to investigate the impacts of ICT components on operating cost and profit efficiency for SOCBs. Results: The average cost efficiency (74.4%) was noticed higher than the average profit efficiency (20.6%) for SOCBs. SOCBs were more affordable and less profitable for both cost and profit efficiency. Rupali bank was the most cost efficient while Sonali bank was the most profit efficient. IT Investment and IT personnel expenses were positively significant for cost efficiency. IT income, IT personnel, IT personnel expenses, ATM expenses, and Credit card expenses were negatively significant for profit efficiency. Conclusion: The further studies can combine DEA with machine learning algorithms to study the impact of IT on banks' performances. The results could aid government to remove the hindrance of progress in Bangladesh.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.139-152
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• 2002

This study was performed to estimate living cost for the elderly couple living in a city in Korea. Living cost means expenditure per month for elderly couple. It was assumed that the elderly couple will need different living cost according to their circumstances. The circumstances are health status, retirement status, and the level of living they want. The subjects were the elderly couple households over the age 65 of household head. Total number of subject was 1,649 households. Used data was Annual Report surveyed by National Statistical Office on the Family Income and Expenditure. Analysis of data was done through frequency, percentage, means, median using SAS Program. The results of this study were as follows: Their standard living cost was 844,980 won by pure relative standard line and 842,300 won by quasi relative standard lines. And minimum living cost was 713,400 won by the former, by the latter was 557,600 won (3/2 of median). And abundant Living cost was 1,068,020 won by the former, by the latter 1,263,450 won. The living cost of elderly households was about 81-83%, comparing with non-elderly households. Among the item of expenditure, the proportion of housing and medical care cost was larger than any other items.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2021

The widely used low-cost design methodology for IoT devices is very popular. In such a networked device, memory is composed of flash memory, SRAM, DRAM, etc., and because it processes a large amount of data, memory design is an important factor for system performance. Therefore, each device selects optimized design factors such as function, performance and cost according to market demand. The design of a memory architecture available for low-cost IoT devices is very limited with the configuration of SRAM, flash memory, and DRAM. In order to process as much data as possible in the same space, an architecture that supports parallel processing units is usually provided. Such parallel architecture is a design method that provides high performance at low cost. However, it needs precise software techniques for instruction and data mapping on the parallel architecture. This paper proposes an instruction/data mapping method to support optimized parallel processing performance. The proposed method optimizes system performance by actively using hardware and software parallelism.

• 농촌계획
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 1996

In rural planning, the cost estimation of project is a key factor for planning. Therefore, development of reliable cost estimation method is essential. Recently, new techniques are suggested for determination of project cost using historical cost data. In this study, a multiple-regression analysis was used to determine the cost of the farm land consolidation. The results demonstrated that multiple regression analysis using historical cost data can be applicable to project cost estimation.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 버스사고 발생 시 교통카드자료를 이용한 운행지연비용을 추정하는 방법을 제안하였다. 12개 버스회사를 대상으로 설문조사를 통하여 사고 시 평균 운행지연시간을 조사하였고, 실제 교통사고자료와 교통카드자료를 기반으로 운행지연비용을 추정하였다. 조사결과 버스사고시 운행지연으로 평균 45분의 손실시간이 발생하는 것으로 파악되었다. 교통카드자료 분석결과 사고가 발생한 노선의 재차인원의 총 합은 659명으로 추정되었고, 이에 따른 손실 시간은 총 494.25시간으로 계산되었다. 본 방법론으로 추정된 운행지연 비용은 약 186.9천원/건이며, 이는 사회적기관비용의 6.37%에 해당하는 값으로 나타나 운행지연비용이 도로교통사고 비용에 유의한 영항을 미치는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.24-33
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• 2021

사업비관리는 발주자를 위한 CM사의 주요 업무이며, 견적은 사업비관리를 위한 비용의 기준점을 설정하고 의사결정의 기초를 마련해주는 중요한 업무이다. 이를 위해 CM사는 양질의 데이터를 확보 및 활용하여 견적을 더욱 정확하고 효율적으로 수행하는 것이 필요하다. 건설산업에서 빅데이터 활용의 중요성이 증가함에 따라 관련 연구 또한 활발하게 이루어지고 있지만, CM사 견적업무를 위한 빅데이터 활용 현황을 진단한 관련 연구는 아직 미흡한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 CM사 견적업무의 빅데이터 활용 현황에 대한 진단을 통해 주요 특징과 시사점을 도출하는 데 있으며, 이는 견적업무를 위한 CM사의 빅데이터 활용 전략 수립에 유용하게 참고될 수 있다.