• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.312-321
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• 2018

The Korean DR market proposes suppression of peak demand under reliability crisis caused a natural disaster or unexpected power plant accidents as well as saving power plant construction costs and expanding amount of reserve as utility's perspective. End-user is notified a DR event signal DR execution before one hour, and executes DR based on requested amount of load reduction. This paper proposes a DR energy management algorithm that can be scheduled the optimal operations of chiller system and ESS in the next day considering the TOU tariff and DR scheme. In this DR algorithm is divided into two scheduling's; day-ahead operation scheduling with temperature forecasting error and operation rescheduling on DR operation. In day-ahead operation scheduling, the operations of DR resources are scheduled based on the finite number of ambient temperature scenarios, which have been generated based on the historical ambient temperature data. As well as, the uncertainties in DR event including requested amount of load reduction and specified DR duration are also considered as scenarios. Also, operation rescheduling on DR operation day is proposed to ensure thermal comfort and the benefit of a COB owner. The proposed method minimizes the expected energy cost by a mixed integer linear programming (MILP).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.10 no.2 s.21
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• pp.81-88
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• 2004

We review the adaptation strategies of the 21st climate change in an application to sea level rise. For the development of appropriate adaptation strategies on the coast vulnerable to the sea level rise, we have to consider the issues such as where to adapt, how to adapt, and when to adapt. The coastal target needed adaptation can be found by the evaluation of adaptive capacity of the coastal zone which requires the understanding of impacts and adaptive potential of the natural and socioeconomic systems in the coastal zone. Planned adaptation options to sea level rise can be classified into three generic approaches as managed retreat, accommodation, and protection In practice, the implementation of the options requires the analysis of land use, degree of vulnerability, cost and benefit, etc, and may be combination of the options rather than one approach. In terms of the response timing, the adaptation can be grouped as anticipatory and reactive ones. Generally it is more effective to consider both anticipatory and reactive adaptations at the same time for the impacts of future sea level rise. Due to the scientific uncertainty of climate change issues including sea level rise, the adaptation processes have to be designed to deal with a series of processes such as information md awareness establishment, planning and design implementation, and monitoring and evaluation in continuity and long-term period.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.129-137
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• 2009

While the broadband network and multimedia technologies have been developing, the commercial market of digital contents also has been widely spreading with recently starting IPTV. As the IPTV services are getting to be generalized and popularized, the contents protection and authentication system tends to draw more attentions. So we need a system that can protect contents and allow only authenticated person to use right service by controling user authority and using content encryption. Until now, the conventional protection and authentication system is taking advantages of merits both in CAS and DRM. But the weak point of this system are in high costs, complexity and using HW. For resolving these problems, in this paper, we proposed IPTV contents protection and authentication system using OTP. When we transmit the content encrypted by OTP key using contents delivery technology, we operate XOR with contents using another settop-box's OTP key which was transmitted from distribution server. And contents are reconstructed and transmitted to the settop-box, In the end, downloaded content are encrypted by OTP key and are superior in content protection when contents redistribution. Since OTP use double-authentication elements in encryption process, this method is excellent in content protection. And it is very effective in cost aspect because it could be implemented by SW program. Another benefit is that we can shorten the development time period. In this paper, we propose and find its possibility as a new content protection and authentication method suitable for IPTV services.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.5-15
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• 2010

Business corporations have become specialized and on the basis of various interests try to strengthen their competitiveness through a cooperative system of purchase, distribution, service and IT technology. And an advanced Internet-based electronic commerce has witnessed explosive growth and a business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce. Through E-marketplace. business corporations achieve such diverse utilities as expenditure curtailment, process reduction and prime cost reduction. And with business depression worldwide and soaring prices of materials, many business corporations consider the introduction of comprehensive purchase of MRO (maintenance, repair and operation) materials. The Purpose of this study was to examine the definition of B2B E-marketplace and the utilities of MRO commerce correctly focusing on an empirical analysis of cases of MRO supply and purchase business corporations. The indications acquired from this research results are as follows. Firstly, as for MRO integrated purchase under the characteristics of the market environment, it had to use the supplier obligatorily through the integrated purchase on the level of CEO's decision-making or the group rather than the voluntary will of the purchasing department or the procurement department. Secondly, as for the present B2B E-marketplace MRO purchase, the purchasing agency business has formed the mainstream, but it is aiming at the diversification of the benefit by supplementing/correcting the business model such as category type, mediation business type, MRO-type advancing in the store inclusive of the purchasing agency business, keeping pace with the potential market of MRO. Thirdly, as for analysis of the products, the purchaser wants more various products and assortment of goods than those of the present time, and also to be provided with the precise product information. Especially, as the importance of the product sourcing becomes high, the whole energy has been bestowed on acquirement of the excellent suppliers. Fourth, as for use of B2B E-marketplace MRO integrated purchasing system, there are the purchasing companies complaining the inconvenience even until now, and there is the demerit spending the long time during the image move and the process treatment. It shall try to shorten the searching time and the process treatment time as the system is centered on the purchaser. In order to enhance the efficiency of MRO E-marketplace purchase, followings must be considered: First, because the importance of product sources ever increases, an excellent supplier must be secured earnestly. Second, the time of process must be reduced focusing on purchasers. B2B E-marketplace will increase and diversify electronic commerce continuously. Through MRO E-marketplace, business corporations will reduce expenditure, achieve a transparent and speedy trade, and purchase products of fine quality, thus establishing a most effective market. In addition, in this study the investigator brings focus into MRO which has not been clearly discussed in the academic and business world so far and intensively highlights an indirect material-oriented expenditure curtailment effect. By taking all the aspects of supplier, purchaser and practical economical value into account, the investigator presents a strategic direction for the successful comprehensive purchase of B2B MRO.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.585-591
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• 2020

In accordance with the government's expansion of solar power generation, the installation of solar panels is expected to expand in Korea. On the other hand, policy discussions on the establishment of a domestic post-management system for waste from photovoltaic power are insufficient. This study estimated the benefit-cost of solar PV Panel recycling and derived the implications for the photovoltaic waste policies in Korea. Overall, the profitability of the recycling project is very low when the project execution period is 10 years. On the other hand, the economic efficiency of the project can be sufficiently high when the duration of the solar panel recycling project is extended to 20 years. In the short term, it is challenging to expect voluntary companies to enter this recycling business because of low economic efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare various policies to improve the economic efficiency of the recycling business. In conclusion, the following policy implications for PV panel recycling activation are proposed: i) legislation for the recycling of waste solar photovoltaic panel, ii) designation of Association for Solar Panel waste monitoring, and iii) expansion of R & D and the development of various business models related to solar recycling.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.1638-1652
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• 2000

Prolific females require better nutrition and feeding practice because of larger litter size and the substantial decline in body fat. Life-time pig output will be compromised if body protein and fat are not properly managed. First litter females are especially vulnerable because they can loose ${\geq}15%$ of whole-body protein. Conservation of body protein mass during first lactation minimizes wean to estrus interval and increases second litter size (up to 1.2 pigs). The ability to influence litter-size by amino acid nutrition is a new dimension in our understanding. A P2 fat depth below 12 mm at farrow and below 10 mm at wean compromised wean to estrus interval (>2 d) and next litter size (0.5 to 1.5 pigs) in sows. It is now clear that a 'modest' excess of feed during the first 72 h of pregnancy decreases embryo viability so that the potential for an increased litter size at birth is not realized. The capacity for milk production by prolific young sows is 25% higher than the standard used previously (NRC, 1988). First litter females averaged 9.82 kg milk/d for a 21 d lactation. Second and third litter counterparts averaged 10.35 kg/d. Milk production was 95% of peak by 10 d of lactation and sows were in greatest negative energy and lysine balance during the first 6 d. Nearly 45% of the total loss in body protein occurred within the first 6 d, but this could reduced to 30-35% by using a more aggressive feeding strategy after parturition. There appear to be 2 phases in lactation for lysine need (d 2-12 vs 12-21). Feeding to the higher level alleviates the second litter size decline. The lysine requirement for lactation can be predicted with accuracy, but we are not able to predict the second limiting amino acid. Mammary uptake of valine relative to lysine and recent work with practical diets suggest that the recent NRC (1998) pattern is realistic and that threonine and valine could be co-limiting for corn-soy diets for prolific sows nursing 10-11 pigs. Empirical studies are needed to refine the ideal pattern so that synthetic lysine can be used with more confidence. Milk fat output for the elite sow is extraordinary and poses an unnecessarily high energetic cost. Methods that reduce mammary fat synthesis will benefit the sow and may enhance piglet growth.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.23-49
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• 2007

Recently, mobile marketing is becoming one of the major topics of interest to the marketing discipline. Emerging from rapid developments in mobile technology, it has created opportunities for new and innovative mobile services. Also, it is enabling to conduct always-on connections that consumers can interact anytime and anywhere. Especially, mobile devices place themselves to the core means of mobile-commerce which to execute a function as a distribution channel in mobile environments. Although the adoption researches about innovative services or technologies had executed in marketing areas over the past decades, most researches just expanded or modified existing theories and explanation models. There has been little study on the comprehensive and systematic review of adoption process. Therefore, it deserves to be considered prior usage experiences of the existing channels(CL) and attractiveness of the new channel(CLalt) based on social exchange theory. In order to address this void, this study unifies components of perceived attributes in the each dimensions (ie. benefit, cost, and risk dimensions) and explores prior usage experiences of the existing channels on adoption intention in electronic financial service channels through developing comprehensive model and employing empirical test for the hierarchy of effects model. Based on these empirical results, this study suggests managerial implications for new channel management in electronic financial service areas by focusing on the prior usage experiences of the existing objects on adoption intention and perceived attributes of ubiquitous-based mobile service channel.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.539-563
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• 1999

이 논문은 정보통신정책 목표와의 연관성 속에서 정보통신연구개발사업의 우선순위를 설정함과 아울러 비용효과성에 바탕을 둔 적정 자원배분 도출하는데 주안점을 두고 있다. 복합적인 목표를 가진 연구개발사업에 대해 사업부문별 그리고 기술분야별로 객관적이면서도 설득력있는 자원배분지침을 마련하기 위하여 본 연구는 다기준의사결정(MCDA: Multi-criteria Decision Analysis) 방법을 채택하고 있다. 이 방법론에서는 사업의 목표와 우선순위 판단기준 및 사업대안이 계층적으로 연계된 분석구조를 설계하여 사업대안의 우선순위를 먼저 설정하고, 여기에 정수계획법(Integer Programming)을 결합하여 사업의 목표와 연계된 비용-편익 관계(Cost-benefit relationship)를 최적화하는 바탕 위에서 사업대안별 자원배분 시나리오를 제시하게 된다. 이러한 절차로 사업부문별 및 기술분야별로 각각 도출된 8개의 자원배분 시나리오는 자원배분 경향치의 안정성(Stability) 분석과 자금지원의 과부족에 대한 현실적 적합성(Relevance) 분석을 거쳐 최종적으로 하나의 적정 자원배분방안으로 수렴되도록 하였다. 우선순위 설정에 기초가 되는 사업대안의 편익에 대한 자료는 전문가의 정성적 판단을 통해 수집되었는데, 이를 위해 정보통신기술 부문에서 활동 중인 중견 이상의 총 58명의 산학연 전문가를 대상으로 한 조사를 실시하였다. 먼저, 기초기반ㆍ전략기술개발사업, 연구ㆍ기술인력양성사업, 산업응용기술개발사업, 기술기반조성사업 등 4대 사업부문에 대해서는 (ⅰ) 정보통신 기술능력의 축적, (ⅱ) 정보통신산업의 경쟁력 강화, (ⅲ) 정보통신기반의 기술고도화, (ⅳ) 정보화를 위한 기술역량의 제고 등 주요 사업의 편익을 나타내는 4개 기준으로 우선 순위를 판단하였고, 정보통신망기술, 전파 및 RF 기술, 정보처리기술, 반도체 소자/설계 기술 등 13개 기술분야에 대해서는 (ⅰ) 공공정책적 임무에 대한 기여, (ⅱ) 기술자립기반의 확충, (ⅲ) 기술발전성과 기술적 파급효과, (ⅳ) 기술적 산물의 시장잠재력 등 기술분야 연구개발을 통한 편익을 나타내는 4개 기준으로 우선순위를 판단하였다. 우선순위는 사업대안에 대한 가중치로 표시되었고, 적정 자원배분방안은 추정된 총예산 규모에 따라 지원수준에 대한 일정한 제약조건 하에서 비용-편익 관계에 따른 자원의 최적 할당량으로 제시되었다. 본 연구는 총예산 규모의 가변성, 사업 및 기술분야 대안의 분류체계에 대한 공감대 부족, 사업목표의 상호연관성과 우선순위 판단기준의 부분적 중첩성 등 여러 제약요인이 있어 도출된 구체적인 수치보다는 방향성에 더 큰 의미를 부여하는 것이 바람직하다. 그러나, 이러한 연구의 한계에도 불구하고 도출된 우선순위와 적정 자원배분방안은 문제해결의 실행타당성을 감안하여 비교적 객관적이고 균형있는 결과로 판단된다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2016

Although the ecosystem extends numerous functions for the benefit of humankind, construction of horticultural facilities can potentially lead to the degeneration of some of these functions owing to the expansion of impervious regions and loss of habitats. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of construction of horticultural facilities on plant biodiversity. Analysis of the vegetation distribution characteristics showed that horticultural facilities had significantly lower plant diversity than did rice paddies. Hence, the proposed approach involved low-impact development, arrangement of habitat space, plant preservation, restricted use of chemical fertilizer, habitat creation, and reduced preservation cost. Lifestyle analysis suggested the importance of developing favorable environments for the growth of annual plants and aquatic plants. In all, 20 species of naturalized plants belonging to 10 families were identified. Furthermore, the proportion of these naturalized plants was higher in glass greenhouses and multi-span greenhouses, suggesting the advantages of employing natural soil mulching while avoiding concrete mulching. Statistical analysis was performed to validate the results, which suggested that impervious regions be converted to natural soils. Collectively, the findings of this study are expected to be used for establishing policies for the construction of eco-friendly and ecological horticultural facilities; this may aid the maintenance of sustainable agricultural landscapes and large-scale development of the reclaimed lands.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2002

Remote Sensing has been very useful tool in monitoring of cities and updating of GIS database compare to traditional methods due to its benefit; wide range covering on low cost and advanced data collection. However it had come to a limited method in limited researches because of its relatively poor spatial resolution in scanning. Recently launched satellites are able to produce improved imageries, and new commercial services have been commenced for the use of general public with higher spatial resolution up to $1m{\times}1m$. This study tackled a potential use of these improved satellite imageries in urban planning based on the Multi-temporal satellite imagery with particular reference to monitoring on urban areas, for example urbanization and its expanding. i) Portion of individual features and elements in each pixel of satellite imagery was computed based on 'Endmember' of targeted elements. ii) Urbanized areas were categorized based on the 'Fraction imagery' derived from the 'SMA algorithm'. iii) Alterations and expanding of urban areas were identified based on the Multi-temporal satellite imageries. Tested method showed a strong potential to produce more advanced monitoring skills of urban areas.