• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2016

In a borate buffer solution, the growth kinetics and the electronic properties of passive film on aluminum were investigated, using the potentiodynamic method, chronoamperometry, and multi-frequency electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The corrosion of aluminum was heavily influenced by the degree of oxygen concentration because of the increasing reduction current. The oxide film formed during the passivation process of aluminum has showed the electronic properties of n-type semiconductor, which follow from the Mott-Schottky equation. It was found out that the passive film (Al(OH)₃) of Al formed in the low electrode potential changes to Al₂O₃ while the electrode potential increases. The growth kinetics data as measured by chronoamperometry suggests a mechanism in which the growth of the film of Al₂O₃ is determined by field-assisted transport of ions through the film.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.608-613
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• 2003

In order to remove particles on surface of post-oxide CMP wafer, new cleaning solution was prepared by mixing with DHF (Diluted HF), nonionic surfactant PAAE (Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Aryl Ether), DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide) and D.I.W.. Silicone wafers were intentionally contaminated by silica, alumina and PSL (polystylene latex) which had different zeta potentials in cleaning solution. This cleaning solution under megasonic irradiation could remove particles and metals simultaneously at room temperature in contrast to traditional AMP (mixture of $NH_4OH,\;H_2O_2$ and D.I.W) without any side effects such as increasing of microroughness, metal line corrosion and deposition of organic contaminants. This suggests that this cleaning solution would be useful future application with copper CMP in brush cleaning process as well as traditional post CMP cleaning process.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2013

The Ti-6Al-4V extra low interstitial (ELI) alloy has been widely used as an orthopedic implant material because of its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, it still has many problems, including a high elastic modulus and toxicity of the Al and V elements. Therefore, non-toxic biomaterials with a low elastic modulus need to be developed. A high energy mechanical milling (HEMM) process is introduced to improve the effect of sintering. Rapid sintering of spark plasma sintering (SPS) under pressure was used to make an ultra fine grain of Ti-25 wt.%Nb-7 wt.%Zr-10 wt.%Mo-(10 wt.%CPP) composites with bio-attractive elements for increasing strength. These composites were fabricated by SPS at $1000^{\circ}C$ at 60 MPa using HEMM powders. During the sintering process, $CaTiO_3$, TixOy, and CaO were formed because of the reaction between Ti and CPP. The effects of CPP content on the physical and mechanical properties of the sintered Ti-Nb-Zr-Mo-CPP composites were investigated. The biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of the Ti-Nb-Zr-Mo alloys were improved by the addition of CPP.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2014

Recently, in order to enhance the function and usefulness of products, cladding of dissimilar materials that maximizes the performance of the material is being widely used in all areas of industry as an important process. Clad steel plate, produced by cladding stainless steel plate, an anticorrosive material, on carbon steel plate, is being used to produce pressure vessels. Stainless steel plate has good corrosion resistance, and carbon steel plate has good rigidity and strength; clad steel can satisfy all of these qualities at once. This study aims to find the ${\delta}$-ferrite behavior, mechanical properties, structure change, integrity and reliability of clad steel weld on hot rolled steel plates. For this purpose, multi-layer welding, repair welding and post weld heat treatment were implemented according to welding procedure specifications (WPS). In order to observe the mechanical properties and toughness of clad steel weld zone, post weld heat treatment was carried out according to ASME Sec. VIII Div.1 UW-40 procedure for post weld heat treatment. With heat treatment at $625^{\circ}C$, the hold time was used as the process variable, increased by intervals that were doubled each time, from 80 to 1,280 min. The structure of weld part was typical cast structure; localized primary austenite areas appeared near central vermicular ferrite and fusion line. The heat affected zone showed rough austenite structure created by the weld heat input. Due to annealing effects of heat treatment, the mechanical properties (tensile strength, hardness, impact value) of the heat affected area tended to decrease. From the results of this study, it is possible to conclude the integrity of clad steel welds is not affected much in field welding, repair welding, multi-layer welding, post weld heat treatment, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.36-43
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• 2020

Gas system fire extinguishing equipment is a very economically useful facility, but if it is not used for a long period of time after installing the equipment, there is possibility of rupture due to corrosion of containers and operation errors of equipment systems, and this is very dangerous. However, it is impossible to experiment to check whether the equipment is operating normally. If gas is temporarily released into the enclosed space due to rupture and malfunction, it can cause serious human damage due to gas suffocation. In this study, based on the suffocation death accident of gas system fire extinguishing facility, the inflow path of released gas and the possibility of death and time to death were estimated using a 3D scan and FLACS.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 2003

The estimation functions were proposed for calculating diffusion coefficient, chloride binding, and evaporable water. The program estimating chloride ion penetration was developed on the basis of these functions and the effects of humidity, curing temperature, water-cement ratio, and $C_3$A on chloride penetration were analyzed. The relative humidity increases the depth of chloride ion penetration and the trend becomes greater with aging. On the contrary, the influence of curing temperature on chloride ion penetration decreases with aging. By the way, the rise of $C_3$A in cement increases total chloride concentration on the surface as the bound chloride concentration increases but it decreases total chloride concentration on the inner part as the diffusion velocity of free chloride decreases. The fall of water-cement ratio decreases the chloride penetration depth rapidly. Therefore, the reduction of water-cement ratio may be the most effective method for reducing of the steel corrosion by chloride penetration.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.76-82
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• 2002

The rapid-set cement concrete causes high hydration temperature and nay result in a high drying shrinkage and shrinkage-induced cracking. This problem may be fixed by incorporating polypropylene fibers in rapid-set cement concrete, because of increased toughness, resistance to impact, corrosion, fatigue, and durability. A series of concrete drving shrinkage tests was peformed in order to investigate the shrinkage properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete with experimental variables such as concrete types, fiber reinforcement, W/C ratio, with and without restraint. Uni-axially restrained bar specimens were used for the restrained shrinkage tests. The results were as follows; The dry shrinkage of rapid-set cement concrete was much lessor than that oi OPC, probably because of smaller weight reduction rate by early hydration and strength development. The constraint and bridging effects caused by polypropylene fibers were great for the rapid-setting cement concrete when compared with that of plain concrete, and this resulted In increased resistance against tensile stress and cracking.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.35-43
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• 2013

Most of the nuclear power plants(NPPs) adopts pressure difference type flow meters such as venturi and orifice meters for the measurement of feedwater flow rates to calculate reactor thermal power. However, corrosion products in the feedwater deposits on the flow meter by fouling as operating time goes. These effects lead to severe errors in the flow indication and then determination of reactor thermal power. The averaging BDFT, which has developed by Yun et al., has a potentiality to minimize this problem thanks to its inherent measurement principle. Therefore, it is expected that the averaging BDFT can replace the venturi meter for the feedwater pipe of steam generator of NPPs. The present work compares the amplification factor, K, based on CFD calculation against the K obtained from experiments in order to confirm whether a commercial CFD code can be applicable to the evaluation of characteristic for the averaging BDFT. In addition to this, the simulations to take into account of fouling effect are also carried out by rough wall option. The results show that the averaging BDFT is a promising flow meter for the accurate measurement of flow rates in the fouling condition of the NPPs.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 1987

Hardened cement paste is mainly affected by corrosion of sulphate and chlorine ions in sea water. In this investigation, many specimens were made with the cement clinker minerals such as C3S, C3A, C4AF and their mixture according to cement composition added various blending materials. After the specimens were immersed in 4% MgSO4 and MgCl2 solutions, the product of reaction, the microstructure of specimen and Ca+2 ion leached in the solution were studied. The formation of Ca(OH)2 in the specimen of C3S is reduced relatively by adding pozzolanic admixtures. The chlorine ion is easily diffuse into the C3S specimen and produced CaCl2 compound, and it makes the specimen porous by leaching out itself into the solution. The specimen of C3A, C4AF are broken down by expanding reaction of ettringite and gypsum compound produced in the MgSO4 solution. At a later period, the ettringite is transformed into gypsum and 5MgO.2Al2O3·15H2O. The C3A in the MgCl2 solution combines chlorine ion to form Friedel's salt and prevents the diffusion reaction of chlorine ion into the specimen. Granulated slag shows inferior effect on the resistance of the specimen in MgSO4 solution by forming ettringite and gypsum, but good result in MgCl2 solution. Pozzolanic materials, on the whole, offer noticable effect on the resistance of the specimen in both solutions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1027-1035
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• 2016

In this study, a strain-controlled fatigue test of widely-used 316L stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties was conducted, in order to assess its fatigue life. Low cycle fatigue behaviors were analyzed at room temperature, as a function of the strain amplitude and strain ratio. The material was hardened during the initial few cycles, and then was softened during the long post period, until failure occurred. The fatigue life decreased with increasing strain amplitude. Masing behavior in the hysteresis loop was shown under the low strain amplitude, whereas the high strain amplitude caused non-Masing behavior and reduced the mean stress. Low cycle fatigue life prediction based on the cyclic plastic energy dissipation theory, considering Masing and non-Masing effects, showed a good correlation with the experimental results.