• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2010

In this paper, we investigate the acoustic characteristics of sustained voices from normal subjects and patients with laryngeal pathologies. Perturbation methods (including jitter and shimmer), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and nonlinear dynamic methods (such as correlation dimension) are used to analyze normal and pathological voices. We find that jitter does not statistically discriminate between normal and pathological voices, but a significant difference is found for shimmer, SNR, and correlation dimension. The results suggest that nonlinear dynamic analysis may be valuable for the analysis of normal and pathological voices but perturbation analysis should be applied with caution for pathological voice analysis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) at the PC6 (Naegwan) on normal humans using KarhunenLoeve decomposition method. Electroencephalogram(EEG) is a multi-scaled signal consisting of several components of time series with different dominant frequency ranges and different origins. EEG KarhunenLoeve decomposition method exibit site-specific and state-related differences in specific frequency bands. In this study, KarhunenLoeve decomposition method was used as a measure(D2) of complexity. 30 channel EEG study was carried out in 10 subjects (10 males; $age=21.4{\pm}0.5$ years). Results : We found that the average values and standard deviations of D2 at FP1, FP2, FTC1, FTC2, TT1, TT2, T4, TCP1, P3, P4, T6, OZ channel (p<0.05) were higher than during the acupuncture treatment, and the average values and standard deviations of D2 at F3, F8 channels(p<0.05) were lowered than during the acupuncture treatment. However, the comparison with that before and after the treatment shows no significant differences in all channels.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권10A호
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• pp.1006-1012
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• 2008

Duvall 구조에 기초하여 코히런트(coherent), 인코히런트(incoherent) 간섭을 제거하는 효율적인 적응 빔 형성방법을 제시한다. 하나의 상관벡터를 이용하는 기존방식과 달리, 제안된 방법에서는 여러 개의 상관벡터를 이용하여 가중벡터의 차원을 크게 한다. 가중벡터 차원의 증가로 빔 형성기의 SINR(signal-to-interference plus noise ratio) 성능을 개선할 수 있으며, 더 많은 간섭을 제거 할 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 결과에 따르면, 제안방식은 기존방식에 비해 빠른 수렴특성, 우수한 정상상태(steady-state)에서의 SINR 성능을 보여준다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.361-370
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• 2009

Purpose: This study attempted to identify family functioning recognized by caregiver who support the elderly. Methods: Data was collected from 264 caregivers who live with elderly using questionnaires. The performance, satisfaction and importance of family functioning was assessed using the modified FFFS by Kang (1987) consisted of three dimension-'Relationship between Individual Family Members', 'Relationship between family and subsystem' and 'Relationship between family and broader social units'. The data was analyzed using SPSS/WIN by descriptive statistics, ANOVA and pearson's correlation. Results: The subjected Families showed a median level of performance (mean $4.06{\pm}0.65$) and a high level of satisfaction (mean $1.04{\pm}0.71$) in family functioning. Families recognized importance of family functioning above median level (mean $4.65{\pm}0.99$). There was statistically significant difference in family functioning according to and duration of illness, illness and ADL of the elderly. In dimension of the relationship between individual family members and relationship between family and subsystem, there are significantly positive correlation among all aspect of family functioning. In relationship between family and social units, there are negative correlations between performance and importance (r=-.215) and between satisfaction and importance (r=-.194) while there are positive relationship between performance and satisfaction. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, family-focused nursing interventions for families with the elderly need to be developed.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.107-127
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop an evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in abdominal surgery patient. The target subjects of the tool were adult patients having abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. Process-outcome framework was selected for the development of the tool in this study. The results were as follows. 1. Nine standards. 40 criteria and 88 indicators were developed. A standard was summary statement of the ideal level of excellencein a dimension of quality of nursing care. which could be evaluated by criteria. Several criteria indicated a specific standard and each criterion could be measured by observable and measurable indicators. 2. The standards were divided into two dimensions. One was process dimension which contained four standards(23 criteria), the other was outcome dimension which contatined five standards(17 criteria). 3. Average CVI was .985 at 9 standards. .947 at 40 criteria. and .987 at 88 indicators. 4. The evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in abdminal surgery patients was a criterion-referenced tool. And data collection methods of the tool were investigation of patient's record and interview( or questionnaire) with the patients. 5. Interrater reliabilities of the tool were ; r= .7572 (agreement between two raters), and pI=.8487 (intraclass correlation between five raters who rated the 84 patients). 6. Internal consistency reliability ${\alpha}$ was .6194, which was obtained from 32 criteria. Eight criteria were missed in the analyzing process because of data omission. 7. Scores of the process and the outcome dimensions showed significant. but low correlation(r= .3759, p < .001). 8. There were significant differences in total scores between the hospitals and the departments of surgery(F = 15.233. p .0001). There was also significant interaction effect between hospitals and departments to total score(F = 8.396. p = .0001). Construct validity of the toool was verified by the known-group method. these kinds of difference were expected by the nursing experts participated in the study. From these results, more specific patient classification is suggested for the development of evaluation tool of the quallity of nursing care. And indicators to be used for objective measurement for the quality of nursing care must be developed.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

Radiographic left atrial dimension (RLAD) is a valuable metric for assessing left atrial enlargement in dogs. While there have been studies on the use of RLAD and the increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels based on heart disease stages, there has been no prior research on the correlation between RLAD and CRP. In this study, the objective was to investigate the relationship between the rise in RLAD as myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) stages advance and the increase in CRP levels with MMVD stage progression. In this study, a total of 30 small-breed dogs were included as subjects. These dogs were diagnosed with MMVD at the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stage B1 or B2, or stage C, based on a comprehensive assessment including physical examination, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography. Measurements of VHS and RLAD were compared to assess any significant differences. There were significant differences in RLAD between dogs with MMVD ACVIM stage B1 and those with stage C. The monocytes and CRP levels showed significant differences between ACVIM stage B1, B2 and ACVIM C. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between the RLAD and VHS measurements. This underscores the notable association between MMVD stage advancement and elevated monocyte and CRP levels. The RLAD scores exhibited a significant difference among dogs with ACVIM stages B1, B2, and C, and significant variations were also observed in monocyte and CRP levels. These results suggest that monocyte and CRP levels may be a valuable diagnostic indicator for heart disease in dogs during the diagnostic evaluation.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2010

페놀수지가 그 표면에 흐르는 누설전류에 의하여 탄화되는 경우 탄화패턴은 페놀수지의 탄화특성을 결정하는 가장 중요한 인자 중의 하나이다. 그러나 전형적인 페놀수지의 탄화패턴은 매우 복잡하기 때문에 종래의 유클리드 기하학을 이용하여 해석하는 것은 어려운 일이다. 이와 같이 복잡한 형태는 대부분의 경우 프랙탈 구조를 나타낸다. 따라서 주어진 페놀수지에 대한 탄화패턴의 특성을 프랙탈 해석으로 규명할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 누설전류에 의하여 탄화된 페놀수지의 탄화패턴을 정량적으로 조사하기 위하여 누설전류의 크기와 전극간격의 함수로서 탄화패턴의 프랙탈 차원을 계산하였다. 계산의 신뢰성을 위하여 박스 카운팅 방법뿐만 아니라 상관함수를 이용하여 프랙탈 차원을 구하였다. 계산 결과에 따르면 전극간격을 일정하게 유지한 상태에서 전류가 증가하면 프랙탈 차원은 증가하였다. 반면, 전류가 일정할 때 전극간격과 프랙탈 차원 사이에는 큰 관련성이 없었다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships of pain cognition, performance status, and hope with health-related quality of life. Methods: Patients(n=149) with various cancer diagnoses completed the SF-36 standard Korean Version and the Herth Hope Index. The Perceived Meanings of Cancer Pain Inventory was used to measure the cognition dimension of pain, whereas the Brief Pain Inventory Korean version was used to represent the sensory dimension of pain. Results: The patients in the pain group had significant differences in the three dimensions(loss, threat, spiritual awareness) of pain cognition. There were statistically significant negative correlations between the three dimensions(loss, threat, and spiritual awareness) of pain cognitions and SF-36 dimension, and the positive correlations between challenge dimension and SF-36 dimension. Hope had the positive correlation with SF-36 dimensions. Conclusion: Pain has a negative impact on health-related quality of life, especially on physical health. However, patients who ascribed more positive meaning to their pain, tended to have a higher quality of life. Therefore, nursing intervention to reinforce the positive aspects of pain cognition is to empower patients to create a sense of control and assume an active role in pain management and quality of life.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2015

Objective: To investigate skeletal and dental changes after application of a mandibular setback surgery-first orthodontic treatment approach in cases of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Methods: A retrospective study of 34 patients (23 men, 11 women; mean age, $26.2{\pm}6.6years$) with skeletal Class III deformities, who underwent surgery-first orthodontic treatment, was conducted. Skeletal landmarks in the maxilla and mandible at three time points, pre-treatment (T0), immediate-postoperative (T1), and post-treatment (T2), were analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-generated half-cephalograms. Results: The significant T0 to T1 mandibular changes occurred $-9.24{\pm}3.97mm$ horizontally. From T1 to T2, the mandible tended to move forward $1.22{\pm}2.02mm$, while the condylar position (Cd to Po-perpendicular plane) shifted backward, and the coronoid process (Cp to FH plane) moved vertically. Between T1 and T2, the vertical dimension changed significantly (p < 0.05). Changes in the vertical dimension were significantly correlated to T1 to T2 changes in the Cd to Po-perpendicular plane (r = -0.671, p = 0.034), and in the Cp to FH plane (r = 0.733, p = 0.016), as well as to T0 to T1 changes in the Cp to Po-perpendicular plane (r = 0.758, p = 0.011). Conclusions: Greater alterations in the vertical dimension caused larger post-treatment (T2) stage skeletal changes. Studying the mandibular position in relation to the post-surgical vertical dimension emphasized the integral importance of vertical dimension control and proximal segment management to the success of surgery-first orthodontic treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2008

배경: 본 연구의 목적은 좌심실 수축기능, 용적, 질량과 QT dispersion간의 관계를 알아보고, 관상동맥 협착이 있는 환자와 없는 환자에서 비교하는 것이다. 대상 및 방법: 174명의 ST분절 및 심근효소 이상소견이 없는 전형적인 안정성 협심증을 호소하는 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. Group I은 심혈관 촬영상 관상동맥 협착이 50%이상(n=101), Group II는 심혈관 촬영상 관상동맥 협착이 50%이하(n=73)인 환자로 나누었다. 심혈관 촬영 전에 좌심실 구출율, 용적, 질량을 심초음파로 측정하였고 QT dispersion측정을 위해 12-lead 심전도를 측정하였다. 결과: QT dispersion은 Group I에서 Group II보다 유의하게 길었다(39.8 ms vs. 33.3 ms; p<0.05). 모든 환자에서 좌심실용적, 질량은 QT dispersion과 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며, 좌심실 질량은 유일한 독립적 관계요소였다.(p<0.05). 그런데 Group I에서만 보면 초음파상에 나타난 어떤 결과도 QT dispersion과 유의한 상관 관계가 없었으며, Group II에서는 좌심실 용적, 질량은 QT dispersion과 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며, 좌심실 질량은 여전히 독립적 관계 요소였다(p<0.05). 결론: 우리의 연구는 좌심실용적, 질량 등은 안정성 협심증환자에서 QT dispersion과 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈다. 이런 소견들은 저명한 관상동맥 협착이 없는 환자들에서만 나타난다.