• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 국내에서 반추가축용 조사료 원으로 많이 사용하고 있는 화본과 수입조사료 6종(bermuda grass hay, klein grass hay, oat hay, orchard grass straw, tall fescue straw and timothy hay)에 대하여 최근 NRC의 nutrient requirements of daily cattle(7th revised edition, 2001)에서 권장하는 사료의 영양성분 분석방법에 따라 일반조성분과 함께 heat-stable $\alpha-amylase$ treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin(ADL), neutral detergent insoluble crude protein(NDICP)과 acid detergent insoluble crude protein(ADICP) 등의 함량을 분석하고 영양성분간의 Pearson의 상관계수를 산출하였다. 조사료에 따라 다소 차이는 있으나 oat hay는 CP와 NDICP(p<0.05), CP와 ADICP(p<0.01)의 상관관계가 높게 나타났고, orchard grass straw는 CP와 NDICP의 상관관계가 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). Tall fescue straw도 CP와 NDICP의 상관관계가 높게 나타났으며(p<0.01), timothy hay는 CP와 ADICP의 상관관계가 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). Klein grass hay는 CF와 aNDF (p<0.01), oat hay는 CF와 ADF(p<0.05), orchard grass straw는 CF와 ADL(p<0.05), tall fescue straw는 CF와 aNDF(p<0.01), CF와 ADF(p<0.01), timothy hay는 CF와 aNDF(p<0.01), CF와ADF(p<0.05), CF와 ADL(p<0.01)에서 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이렇게 영양성분 간에 상관관계가 높은 성분들 간에는 앞으로 조사료의 영양성분에 영향을 미치는 제 요인들을 고정하여 상관관계를 조사하고, 분석점수를 많이 하여 회귀식을 만들 수 있다면 수입조사료 평가에 실질적인 적용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.145-163
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• 2001

The purpose of this research is to identify antecedent variables and outcome variables of the empowerment in clinical nurses, and to suggest managerial strategies for increasing their empowerment. Data were collected from October 12 to 18, 2000 through questionnarie taken by 566 nurses in 3 general hospitals. The 5 structured instruments were used for collecting the data : Spreitzer's Items Measuring Empowerment, Bass's Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire-1, Moorman's Equity of rewards scale, Mobley's turnover intention scale, and the Organizational Commitment Scale developed by Mowday, Porter & Steers. The data obtained were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe' test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficients, Factor Analysis, Cronbach's alpha Coefficients, Multiple Regression. The results were as follows; 1. Head nurse's transformational leadership showed an positive correlation with empowerment(r=.304, p=.00). Regression coefficient between transformational leadership and empowerment was significant(${\beta}=.326$, p=.00), However, there was no a correlation between equity of rewards and empowerment. 2. The general characteristics of nurses were significant differences with empowerment. As for position, age, working experience, and education background showed significant difference with empowerment(F=10.979, 11.224, 6.812, 5.411, p<.01). 3. Empowerment showed a positive correlation with organizational commitment and a negative correlation with turnover intention (r=.387, -.274, p=.00). Regression coefficient between empowerment and organization commitment was significant(${\beta}=.365$, p=.00). In conclusion, the more head nurse took the transformational leadership, the higher nurses perceived empowerment. The higher their empowerment level, the higher organizational commitment they perceived. On the contrary, the higher their empowerment level, the lower their turnover intention. Therefore, in order to increase nurses' organization commitment and decrease their turnover intention, their empowerment should be increase. And it is necessary to develop the transformational leadership of head nurses so as to increase empowerment.

• 산업공학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.314-322
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• 2011

This study analyzes a relationship between Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) efficiency scores and a normalization index in order to examine the validity of DEA models. A normalization index concerned in this study is 'sales per R&D project fund' which is regarded as a crucial R&D project performance evaluation index in practice. For this correlation analysis, three distinct DEA models are selected such as DEA basic model, DEA/AR-I revised model(i.e. DEA basic model with Acceptance Region Type I constraints) and Super-Efficiency(SE) model. Especially, SE model is adopted where efficient R&D projects(i.e. Decision Making Units, DMU's) with DEA efficiency score of unity from DEA basic model can be further differentiated in ranks. Considering the non-normality and outliers, two rank correlation coefficients such as Spearman's ${\rho}_s$ and Kendall's ${\tau}_B$ are investigated in addition to Pearson's ${\gamma}$. With an up-to-date empirical massive dataset of n = 482 R&D projects associated with R&D Loan Program of Korea Information Communication Promotion Fund in the year of 2011, statistically significant (+) correlations are verified between the normalization index and every model's DEA efficiency scores with all three correlation coefficients. Especially, the congruence verified in this empirical analysis can be a useful reference for enhancing the practitioner's acceptability onto DEA efficiency scores as a real-world R&D project performance evaluation index.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2012

Polar cap potential has long been considered as an indicator for the amount of energy flowing in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. Thus, the estimation of polar cap potential is important to understand the physical process of the magnetosphere. To estimate the polar cap potential in the Northern Hemisphere, merging electric field by Kan & Lee (1979) is adopted. Relationships between the PC index and calculated merging electric field ($E^*$) are examined during full-time and storm-time periods separately. For this purpose Dst, AL, and PC indices and solar wind data are utilized during the period from 1996-2003. From this linear relationship, polar cap potential (${\Phi}^*$) is estimated using the formula by Doyle & Burke (1983). The values are represented as $58.1{\pm}26.9$ kV for the full-time period and $123.7{\pm}84.1$ kV for a storm-time period separately. Considering that the average value of polar cap potential of Doyle & Burke (1983) is about 47 kV during moderately quiet intervals with the S3-2 measurements, these results are similar to such. The monthly averaged variation of Dst, AL, and PC indices are then compared. The Dst and AL indices show distinct characteristics with peaks during equinoctial season whereas the average PC index according to the month shows higher values in autumn than in spring. The monthly variations of the linear correlation coefficients between solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices are also examined. The PC-AL linear correlation coefficient is highest, being 0.82 with peaks during the equinoctial season. As with the AL index, the PC index may also prove useful for predicting the intensity of an auroral substorm. Generally, the linear correlation coefficients are shown low in summer due to conductance differences and other factors. To assess the role of the PC index during the recovery phase of a storm, the relation between the cumulative PC index and the duration is examined. Although the correlation coefficient lowers with the storm size, it is clear that the average correlation coefficient is high. There is a tendency that duration of the recovery phase is longer as the PC index increases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1387-1393
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• 2014

This study aimed to estimate genetic correlation between carcass grading and retail productivity traits and to estimate the correlated response on retail productivity traits through selection for carcass grading traits in order to assess the efficacy of indirect selection. Genetic parameters were estimated with the data from 4240 Hanwoo steers using mixed models, and phenotypes included carcass weight (CWT), back fat thickness (BFT), eye muscle area (EMA), marbling (MAR), and estimated lean yield percentage (ELP) as the carcass grading traits, and weight and portion of retail cuts (RCW and RCP), trimmed fats (TFW and TFP) and trimmed bones (TBW and TBP) as the lean productivity traits. The CWT had positive genetic correlations with RCW (0.95) and TFW (0.73), but its genetic correlation with RCP was negligible (0.02). The BFT was negatively correlated with RCP (-0.63), but positively correlated with TFW and TFP (0.77 and 0.70). Genetic correlations of MAR with TFW and TFP were low. Among the carcass grading traits, only EMA was positively correlated with both RCW (0.60) and RCP (0.72). The EMA had a relatively strong negative genetic correlation with TFW (-0.64). The genetic correlation coefficients of ELP with RCP, TFW, and TFP were 0.76, -0.90, and -0.82, respectively. These correlation coefficients suggested that the ELP and EMA might be favorable traits in regulating lean productivity of carcass.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제19권
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• pp.100-131
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• 1975

To obtain basic information on the improvement of naked barley production. and to clarify the relation-ships between yield or yield components and some meteorogical factors for yield prediction were the objectives of this study. The basic data used in this study were obtained from the experiments carried out for 16 years from 1958 to 1974 at the Chon-nam Provincial Office of Rural development. The simple correlation coefficients and multiple regression coefficients among the yield or yield components and meteorogical factors were calculated for the study. Days to emergence ranged from 8 to 26 days were reduced under conditions of mean minimum air temperature were high. The early emergence contributed to increasing plant height and number of tillers as well as to earlier maximum tillering and heading date. The plant height before wintering showed positive correlations with the hours of sunshine. On the other hand, plant height measured on march 1st and March 20th showed positive correlation with the amount of precipitation and negative correlation with the hours of sunshine during the wintering or regrowth stage. Kernel weights were affected by the hours of sunshine and rainfall after heading, and kernel weights were less variable when the hours of sunshine were relatively long and rainfalls in May were around 80 to 10mm. It seemed that grain yields were mostly affected by the climatic condition in March. showing the negative correlation between yield and mean air temperature, minimum air temperature during the period. In the other hand, the yield was shown to have positive correlation with hours of sunshine. Some yield prediction equations were obtained from the data of mean air temperature, mean minimum temperature and accumulated air temperature in March. Yield prediction was also possible by using multiple regression equations, which were derived from yield data and the number of spikes and plant height as observed at May 20th.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2015

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the correlation between fear-avoidance beliefs and neck pain/neck disability caused by traffic accidents. Methods : We surveyed 52 patients who were injured in traffic accidents. The patients completed baseline measures of pain, disability, fear-avoidance beliefs according to the visual analogue scale(VAS), neck disability index(NDI) and a fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ). At the end of medical treatment, VAS and NDI were reassessed. In order to determine the relationship between FABQ(including its subscales), change of VAS and NDI, Pearson correlation coefficients were used. To examine the accuracy of previously reported cut-off scores, we classified the patients into low and high groups and analyzed the change of VAS and NDI. The relationship was measured by Mann-Whitney U-test and a student's T-test. Results : FABQ and its subscales(total, physical activity and work) were significantly correlated with final VAS and NDI. FABQ-T showed low significant negative correlation with change of NDI. Previously reported cut-off scores did not show a statistical significance in this study Conclusions : This study suggests that screening for fear-avoidance beliefs may be useful for identifying patients at risk of prolonged pain after traffic accidents.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2000

This study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters such as combining ability, heritabilities and correlation coefficients forsome agronomic characters by 6$\times$6 dialled crosses of barley. The results obtained were summarized as follows. Mean squares of general combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA) were significant for all characters observed. Mean squares of general combining ability for all characters were expressed as higher values than those of specific combining ability. Jecheon #5 showed the high general combining ability effects for culm length, and Waegwanpimack #1 showed the highest general combining ability effects for tiller number. Cygne also showed the high general combining ability effects for spike length and 1,000 grains weight. Furthermore, Plumage was expressed with the highest general combining ability effects for spike length and 1,000 grains weight. Furthermore, Plumage was expressed with the highest general combining ability effects for number of grains per spike. In specific combining ability effects, Samdugjeonbug # 45$\times$Plumage showed the high value for culm length, and Suwon #6 $\times$Waegwanpimack #1$\times$ was expressed with the highest specific combining ability effects for tiller number. Jecheon #5$\times$Plumage also showed the high specific combining ability effects for spike length and number of grains per spike. Suwon #6$\times$Cygne showed the high specific combining ability effects for 1,000 grains weight. The heritabilities of spike length an number of grains per spike were over 90%. In correlation coefficients among characters, relationships between culm length and tiller number, culm length and spike length, culm length and 1,000 grains weight, and spike length and 1,000 grains weight showed highly positively correlation.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.471-479
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 간호대학생의 그릿과 학업스트레스와의 관계에서 과제가치의 매개효과를 규명하는 것이다. 자료수집은 2021년 8월 31일부터 9월 9일까지 모바일 구글(Google) 설문지를 통해 이루어졌으며, 대상자는 3개 대학교의 간호대학생 총 192명이었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 20.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, one- way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, 다중회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 그릿은 학업스트레스와 통계적으로 유의한 부적 상관관계(r=-.51, p<.001), 과제가치와는 정적 상관관계(r=.38, p<.001)였으며, 과제가치와 학업스트레스는 정적 상관관계(r=-.67, p<.001)였다. 과제가치는 그릿과 학업스트레스와의 관계에서 부분 매개효과가 있었다(Z=-4.92, p<.001). 간호대학생의 학업스트레스 감소를 위해서는 그릿과 과제가치를 고려한 중재 프로그램이 개발되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2014

모바일 정지영상 동영상 등의 정보에 디지털 신호를 삽입하여 저작권을 주장하는 방안으로 워터마킹 알고리즘을 들 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 영상의 양자화 계수를 이용한 이산 코사인 변환(DCT)을 기반으로 하는 워터마킹 알고리즘 방법을 제안하였다. 워터마크 삽입 기법은 디지털 원영상의 DCT와 양자화를 통하여 계수들(Quantized Coefficient)를 얻게 되었고, 양자화 계수들은 원하는 위치(Key)에 따라 DCT를 기반으로 한 워터마크(DCT-based watermark)를 삽입하게 되었다. 워터마크가 삽입된 부호화 정보는 역 양자화와 역 DCT를 통하여 워터마크 된 영상을 얻게 된다. 워터마크 추출 기법은 워터마크된 영상과 위치(Key)만을 사용하며, 워터마크 된 영상을 DCT와 양자화를 통하여 원하는 위치(Key)에서 계수를 분리하여 역 DCT하여 원 워터마크를 얻을 수 있었다. 모의실험 결과, 워터마크된 영상과 추출된 워터마크에서 영상의 화질(PSNR)과 워터마크의 정규화 상관도 (NC) 에서 만족할 만한 결과를 확인하였다.