• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

생물제초제의 이용은 농업에서 지속성을 향한 중요한 단계로 활용 될 수 있을 것이다. 유기농업 및 종합잡초관리는 보존농업에서 합성제초제와는 다르게 한 종류의 잡초관리기술에 의존하지 않아야 하며, 생물제초제는 다른 잡초관리기술과 동시에 평가되는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 우리나라 실정에 적합한 세균 및 진균으로부터 유래한 상업용 생물제초제를 선발하여 유기농업 농가에서 영농부가가치가 높은 고소득 작물을 대상으로 생물제초제 실용화 가능성을 검토할 가치가 있을 것이다. 또한 유기영농 과수원에서 비선택적으로 잡초를 방제하기 위하여 상업용으로 시판되는 옥수수 글루텐 가루 제제와 각종 식물정유 제제 등 제품에 대한 실용화 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1070-1074
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• 1999

Growth and feeding studies were conducted to determine effects of hazelnut kernel oil meal (HKOM) on growth performance (as protein efficiency), and milk production and composition. In the growth study, 24 individually fed Karayaka lambs (4 mo. and 25.55 kg LW) were used to determine protein efficiency calculated using the Slope Ratio Technique. In the feeding trial, 4 Jersey cows were arranged in $4{\times}4$ Latin squares experiment to measure effects of diets containing HKOM, soybean meal (SBM) corn gluten meal (CGU) and urea (U) on milk production and composition. Protein efficiencies for HKOM, SBM and CGM were found as $1.342{\pm}0.499$, $0.879{\pm}0.488$ and $1.833{\pm}0.893$, respectively. Milk production for the cows consuming concentrates, containing HKOM, SBM, CGM and U, were $13.97{\pm}0.99$, $13.20{\pm}1.09$, $14.86{\pm}0.68 $ and $13.06{\pm}1.23kg/d$ (p<0.01), respectively. There were no differences (p>0.05) among diets for milk protein content were statistically different (p<0.05), although milk DM and fat percentage as well as milk solids-not-fat and lactose percentage (p<0.01). The highest DM intake was associated with the U diet, intake was intermediate with the SBM and HKOM diets, and the lowest with CGM diet (p<0.05). In conclusion, there data may indicate that the HKOM is useful in diets as a protein source for growing ruminants and lactating cows.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.357-362
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• 2020

본 연구는 조직감 및 기능성 면에서 우수한 식물성 대체육의 제조를 위하여 부원료로 버섯을 첨가한 압출성형 대체육의 품질특성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 대체육의 원료는 분리대두단백 50%, 글루텐 40%, 옥수수 전분 10%를 섞은 것을 기본배합(base)으로 하였다. 버섯 첨가함량을 기본배합 대비 0, 4, 8, 12%로 한 총 네개의 시료를 수분함량 55%, 스크루 속도 150 rpm, 바렐 온도를 170℃로 하여 냉각 사출구를 통해 20℃로 사출하였다. 압출성형 후 물리적 특성으로 경도, 탄성, 응집성, 씹힘성과 절단 강도, 조직잔사지수, 보수력을 측정하였고, 화학적 특성으로 수용성 질소지수, 단백질 소화율과 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성을 측정하였다. 버섯 첨가함량이 증가함에 따라 경도, 탄성, 응집성, 씹힘성과 절단강도가 모두 증가하였으며, 조직잔사지수 역시 증가하였다. 반면에, 버섯 첨가함량이 증가할수록 보수력과 수용성 질소지수는 감소하였으며, 단백질 소화율도 다소 감소하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 버섯 첨가함량의 증가에 따라 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 압출성형 대체육에 버섯의 첨가는 대체육의 조직감을 개선하고 항산화 기능성을 부여하는 유효한 공정임을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1736-1743
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• 2014

This study was designed to test the effects of dietary distillers dried grain (DDG) level on the growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and antioxidant activity of juvenile red seabream (Pagrus major). Six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% DDG from rice (designated as DDG0, DDG5, DDG10, DDG15, DDG20, and DDG25), respectively. Juvenile red seabream averaging $10.1{\pm}0.05g$ were randomly distributed into 400-L tanks in a flow through systems. Three replicate groups of fish were fed one of the experimental diets to visual satiation two times a day for 10 weeks. Survival, weight gain, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and hepatosomatic index of fish were not affected by dietary DDG levels (p>0.05). Proximate and amino acid composition of whole body in juvenile red seabream were not affected by dietary DDG levels (p>0.05). Plasma content of total protein, glucose, cholesterol, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, phospholipid and triglyceride were not affected by dietary DDG levels (p>0.05). 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical and alkyl radical scavenging activities in plasma and liver of fish were not affected by dietary DDG levels (p>0.05). The results of this experiment suggest that DDG has the potential to replace plant origin ingredients such as wheat flour and corn gluten meal and could be used up to 25% in diet without incurring negative effects on the growth performance of juvenile red seabream.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2015

We examined the effect of substituting squid meal and macroalgae with soybean meal in a commercial diet on the growth and body composition of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. We randomly distributed 2310 juvenile abalone into 33 rectangular plastic containers and fed them five experimental diets in triplicate as follows. The control diet (Con) consisted of 12% squid meal, 8% corn gluten and 20% soybean meal as protein source, wherein 10% ${\alpha}$-starch, 20% wheat flour, and 5% dextrin were carbohydrate source. The experimental diets, 50% squid meal (SM50), 50% squid meal and 50% macroalgae (SM50+MA50), and 100% squid meal and 50% macroalgae (SM100+MA50) were substituted with the same respective amounts of soybean meal. The fifth experimental diet consisted of the control diet plus 1% diatom powder (DP). We prepared two domestic (Domestic A and B) and two imported (China and Japan) abalone feeds. Finally, we prepared Undaria and sea tangle. We found that the weight gain of abalone fed the Con, DP, and China and Japan diets was significantly greater than that of abalone fed Undaria and sea tangle. We conclude that the substituting squid meal and macroalgae with soybean meal in abalone feed has limited benefits, but supplementing diets with 1% diatom powder is effective in improving weight gain.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.376-382
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• 2018

We investigated the effect of replacing tuna byproduct meal (TBM) and rice bran (RB) with fish meal (FM) and macroalgae (MA) in extruded pellets (EP) supplied as a diet to juvenile Abalone Haliotis duscus in aquaculture. In total, 80,000 juvenile abalone were distributed among eight indoor raceways and supplied with one of four experimental diets. The control diet consisted of FM, fermented soybean meal, corn gluten meal and shrimp meal as protein sources, with wheat flour and dextrin as carbohydrate sources; the control diet also contained MA. In the FM50 diet, TBM was replaced with 50% FM. In the MA 50 diet, RB was replaced with 50% MA. The final diet, FM50+MA50, included TMB and RB in place of 50% FM and 50% MA. Abalone were fed to satiation with little food leftover for 16 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate of abalone fed the control diet were greater than those of abalone fed the FM50 and MA50 diets, but not different from those of abalone fed FM50+MA50 diet. The proximate composition of abalone soft body did not vary according to experimental diets. Based on these results, it appears that the traditional commercial diet for juvenile abalone, comprising FM and MA, could be replaced with one containing 50% TBM and 50% RB without any retardation of growth.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1030-1038
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• 2022

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of enzyme complex (EC) on the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn gluten meal (60%) (CGM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), dried bovine plasma (DBP), and poultry offal meal (POM). Experiments I and II were conducted with broilers in the pre-starter (1 to 7 days of age) and starter (1 to 21 days of age) phases, respectively. Methods: The treatments consisted of a protein-free diet (PFD) containing feedstuffs either supplemented with EC (xylanase, amylase, and protease) or not. In Experiment I, a total of 360 one-day-old male Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly housed in 45 pens, resulting in five replicates with eight birds each, totalizing eight treatments and one PFD group. In Experiment II a total of 270 one-day-old male Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly housed in 45 pens, resulting in five replicates with six birds each, totalizing eight treatments and one PFD group. The PFD groups were used to assess the endogenous AA losses. The birds were slaughtered to collect the ileal content. Results: In the pre-starter phase, the SID of arginine, branched chain-aminoacids, glycine, serine, aspartate, and glutamic acid increased with EC addition. The EC improved the SID of arginine and glutamic acid of CGM; the SID of valine and cystine of SPC; the SID of leucine, glycine, and aspartate of POM and the SID of isoleucine of DBP. In the starter phase, the SID of isoleucine, phenylalanine and glycine increased in EC-supplemented diets. The EC improved the SID of isoleucine of DBP; the SID of phenylalanine of CGM and POM. The SID of AA of SPC was not influenced by the EC. Conclusion: The addition of an EC to broiler pre-starter and starter diets is efficient in increasing the SID of AA on SPC, POM, and DBP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2008

We compared the effects of supplementing $L-lysine{\cdot}SO_4$ to L-lysine HCl on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in weaning pigs. A total of 96 crossbred pigs, weaned at $21{\pm}3$ days of age and with an average initial body weight (BW) $6.23{\pm}0.01kg$, were given one of 4 treatments, which translated into 6 replicates of 4 pigs in each pen. The animals were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments according to a randomized completely block design (RCBD) as follows: 1) control-no synthetic lysine, lysine deficient (0.80% total lysine); 2) L-C (= 0.2% L-lysine HCl); 3) K-L-S (= 0.332% $L-lysine{\cdot}SO_4$, A company); 4) C-L-S (= 0.332% $L-lysine{\cdot}SO_4$, B company). Diets were formulated with corn, soy bean meal, and corn gluten meal as the major ingredients, and all nutrients except the lysine met or exceeded NRC requirements (1998). The lysine content of supplemented synthetic lysine was the same in all treatment groups except the control. No clinical health problems associated with the dietary treatments were observed. During the entire experimental period, body weight, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F ratio) increased (p<0.01) in pigs fed the experimental diets supplemented with L-lysine??HCl or $L-lysine{\cdot}SO_4$ produced by A company, irrespective of the two synthetic lysine sources. Although the supplementation of $L-lysine{\cdot}SO_4$ produced by B company tended to improve the ADG and G:F ratio, significant differences were not seen among all treatments and tended to be lower than the L-C (L-lysine HCl) and K-L-S ($L-lysine{\cdot}SO_4$ groups using the product from A company). The digestibility of crude protein (CP) was increased by the supplementation of synthetic lysine (p<0.05), irrespective of the L-lysine source (L-C, K-L-S, C-L-S). The results of this study showed that ADG, G:F ratio, and CP digestibility improved when $L-lysine{\cdot}SO_4$ or L-lysine HCl was supplemented into the weaning pigs' diet. There was a clear difference in efficacy between the two $lysine{\cdot}SO_4$ products based upon the growth performance of weaning pigs. Consequently, the bioavailability of $lysine{\cdot}SO_4$ products should be evaluated before supplementation of synthetic lysine in swine diets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2001

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been rapidly increased in parallel with the westernization of eating behavior in Korea. Increased consumption of animal fat and simple sugar can be potential contributors for insulin resistance. The purpose of the study was to determine whether Western-(WD) and Korean-style(KD) diets altered insulin secretion and insulin resistance in male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats weighing 98$\pm$5g were provided by KD(77 En% of starch, 5 En% of corn oil and 13 En% of gluten plus 5 En% of casein), WD(42 En% of starch, 40 En% of butter and 18% of casein) or control diet(62 En% of starch, 20 En% of corn oil and 18% of casein) for 12 weeks. Body weights were lower in KD compared to WD. Fasting blood glucose levels were not different among diets. Insulin secretion from the beta cells was higher by 2.2$\pm$0.4 folds in WD than KD at baseline. In hyperglycemic clamp insulin secretion was higher in WD than KD and CD. Whole body glucose disposal rates referred to the state of insulin sensitivity were lowest in WD among groups. Glycogen deposits in soleus and quadriceps muscles were lowest in WD among all groups, but their triglyceride contents were highest. GLUT4 contents and glycogen synthase were lowest in WD in both muscles. In conclusions, westernization of diets needed more insulin to normalization of blood glucose levels due to increased insulin resistance. Thus, WD would lead to increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus when increased insulin resistance could not be compensated by insulin secretion in the case of elevated blood glucose levels. (Korean J Nutriton 34(5) : 485~492, 2001)

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2010

대두단백질(ISP)이 혈액 콜레스테롤 농도에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여, 카제인, 어분, 쌀단백질, 옥수수 단백질(글루텐 밀) 등과 함께 이들을 각각 함유한 반정제(semi-purified) 사료를 2주간 병아리에게 급여하였다. 병아리는 쥐에 비해 혈액 콜레스테롤에 예민하게 반응하며, 인체의 지질 실험 모델로 더 적합한 동물이다. 각 단백질 사료 마다 NRC 요구량을 기준하여 부족한 필수아미노산(lysine, arginine 등)을 첨가하였다. 모든 실험 사료는 강제 급이 방식으로 1일 3회 급여하여 아미노산을 제외한 모든 영양소의 섭취량을 동일하게 하였다. 실험 2에서는 모든 사료에 콜레스테롤을 0.3% 수준으로 첨가하여 급여하였다. 카제인군의 병아리 증체량이 두 실험 모두 가장 저조하였고(P<0.05), 대두단백질과 어분군의 성장률이 가장 좋았다. 카제인군은 실험 1, 2에서 혈액 총콜레스테롤, non-HDL 콜레스테롤, TG 함량이 유의하게 가장 높았고, 대두단백질 군은 다른 단백질군(쌀 옥수수단백질, 어분)과 대체로 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 어분군은 실험 2에서 혈액 콜레스테롤이 대두 쌀 옥수수단백질군 보다 유의하게 더 높았다. 카제인군은 간 중량이 두 실험 모두 가장 무거웠고 간의 콜레스테롤 및 총지질 함량 도 가장 많았다. 반면에 어분군은 콜레스테롤 함량을 제외하고 대두 쌀 옥수수단백질 군과 같은 수준을 보였다. 카제인군에서 나타난 고콜레스테롤혈증(hypercholesterolemia)은 전형적인 Lys- Arg 길항 작용에 의한 결과이며, 카제인을 섭취한 대부분의 동물에서 나타나는 현상이다. 반면에 대두단백질과 쌀단백질, 옥수수단백질 및 어분군의 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량이 비슷하게 나타나는 것은 사료 Lys/Arg 비율이 카제인 만큼 심하게 높지 않기 때문이라고 생각된다. 결론적으로 대두단백질군의 저콜레스테롤 혈증(hypocholesterolemia)은 카제인에 비교할 때만 나타나는 상대적인 현상으로, 대두단백질 자체가 혈중 콜레스테롤을 저하시킬 수 있는 독자적인 기능을 갖고 있지 않다고 판단된다.