• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.191-204
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• 2023

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the humeral head is a rare, yet detrimental complication. Left untreated, humeral head AVN frequently progresses to subchondral fracturing and articular collapse. Cases of late-stage humeral head AVN commonly require invasive procedures including humeral head resurfacing, hemiarthroplasty, and total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) to improve clinical outcomes. However, in cases of early-stage AVN, core decompression of the humeral head is a viable and efficacious short-term treatment option for patients with pre-collapse AVN of the humeral head to improve clinical outcomes and prevent disease progression. Several techniques have been described, however, a percutaneous, arthroscopic-assisted technique may allow for accurate staging and concomitant treatment of intraarticular pathology during surgery, although further long-term clinical studies are necessary to assess its overall outcomes compared with standard techniques. Biologic adjunctive treatments, including synthetic bone grafting, autologous mesenchymal stem cell/bone marrow grafts, and bone allografts are viable options for reducing the progression of AVN to further collapse in the short term, although long-term follow-up with sufficient study power is lacking in current clinical studies. Further long-term outcome studies are required to determine the longevity of core decompression as a conservative measure for early-stage AVN of the humeral head.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.447-465
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to suggest effective teaching methods on the concept of infinity for students to obtain the right concept in the middle school curriculum. Many people have thought that infinity is something vouge and unapproachable. But, nowadays it is rather something with a precise definition that lies at the core of modern mathematics. To understand mathematics and science very well, it is necessary to comprehend the concept of infinity. But students tend to figure out the properties of infinite objects and limit concepts only through their experience closely related to finite process, and so they are apt to have their spontaneous intuition and misconception about it. Since most of them have cognitive obstacles in studying the infinite concepts and misconception, mathematics teachers need to help them overcome the obstacles and establish the right secondary intuition for the concepts through good examples and appropriate explanation. In this study, we consider the developing process of the concept of infinity in human history and give some comments and suggestions in teaching methods relative to that concept with new suitable examples.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.32-43
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• 2023

Purposes: This research is conducted to identify main features and trends of mission, vision and core values in Korean tertiary general hospitals by using text-mining. Methodology: For the study, 45 mission, 112 vision and 190 core values are collected from 45 tertiary general hospitals' homepages in 2022 and use word frequency analysis and Leyword co-occurrence analysis. Findings: In the tertiary general hospitals' mission, there are high frequency words such as 'health', 'humanity', 'medical treatment', 'education', 'research', 'happiness', 'love', 'best', 'spirit', and mission mainly includes the content of contributing humanity's health and happiness with these words. In case of vision, high frequency words are 'hospital', 'medical treatment', 'research', 'lead', 'trust', 'centered', 'patient', 'best', 'future'. By using these words in vision, it represents the definition and characteristics of vision such as ideal organizations in the future, goals and targets. As a result of the Leyword co-occurrence analysis, vision includes the content of 'high-tech medical treatment', 'special care for patients', 'leading education and research', 'the highest trust with customer', 'creative talents training'. -astly, the high frequency word-pairs in core values are 'social distribution', 'innovation pursuit', 'cooperation and harmony', and it defines standards of behavior for organizations. Practical Implication: To correct the problems of vision, mission and core values from findings, firstly, it needs for Korean tertiary general hospitals to use the words that can explain organization's identity and differentiate others in their mission. Secondly, considering strengthening the role of hospitals in their community and the importance of members in organizations, it is necessary to establish vision with considering community and members to activate vision effectively. Thirdly, because there are no specific guidelines of establishing mission, vision and core values for healthcare organizations, this research concepts and results could be utilized when other organizations establish mission, vision and core values.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2006

This paper presents a review of small-to-medium-sized, pressurized-water-cooled nuclear power reactors whose major primary coolant systems are integrated into a reactor pressure vessel, the concepts categorized as Integrated Primary System Nuclear Reactors (IPSRs). Typical examples of these proposals of interest in this review are CAREM, SMART, IRIS and IMR, all of which are being aimed at the near term deployment. Emphasis is placed on thermal hydraulic aspects. A brief characterization of the IPSR concepts is made and comparisons of plant key parameters are shown. Discussions will follow for the core cooling under rated power conditions and natural circulation heat removal on the basis of the design data available in the public domain.

• Archives of design research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1993

This paper described design as a purposeful human activity for solving its problems. This means, problem solving is finding a way to get from some initial situation to a desired goal.In order to do this, like a voyage, there should be a compass, and a route map to guide the designer through the design process. Evaluation gives information about the way a design is proceeding and suggests the direction in which change should be made in order that the complex of design concepts should be fulfilled in a satisfactory manner.I think Pugh's total design model discussing in this paper takes a layered approach through a series of sequential actions, part of which is to find the product status. Each layer has the $$\mu$ti-dimensional elements, Product Design Specification (PDS) around the design core. I made a comparative study of several evaluation tools wi th Pugh's model and examined the criteria for evaluation and the rating / weighing methods.It needs, however, more study in order that PDSs may have its values and be fixed from the dynamic design concepts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2020

Due to the population of the Republic of Korea is getting less, the shortage of available troops has become a big issue. In response to this, the need for Unmanned weapon systems is rising. To operate an Unmanned weapon system near borderlines or low altitude, it is necessary to protect not only the system itself but also operational information communicated between the Unmanned system and control station, so that they should be safe using Cybersecurity measures. Besides, it is critical to protect a few core technologies applied to Unmanned weapon systems throughout the Anti-Tamper measures. As the precedent studies only focus partially, Cybersecurity or Anti-Tamper, it is acknowledged that comprehensive studies are needed to be conducted. This study is to incorporate both concepts into Korea's defense acquisition process. Specifically, we will outline the concepts and needs of Cybersecurity and Anti-Tamper, and briefly present ways to apply them simultaneously.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.16
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• pp.267-293
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• 2001

The telecommunications-based information technology and the provision of electronic commerce are broadening possibility of the virtual enterprise. The purpose of this paper is to enhance academic and practical understanding virtual enterprise as one of the most promising new concepts in electronic commerce area. I strive to establish the concept of virtual enterprise as a strategic source of competitive advantage in small & medium business. I analyze several new trends and concepts in strategic business area which will eventually lead small & medium business to the virtual enterprise. It has great potential benefits for small & medium businesses which are placed in difficult circumstances. They must build IT infrastructure and make use of co-sourcing for the utilization of virtual enterprise. This paper also suggests the strategic methods which enable the conventional enterprise to introduce the virtual enterprise.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.154-164
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this article is twofold: 1) introducing logistic regression (LR), a multivariable method for modeling the relationship between multiple independent variables and a categorical dependent variable, and 2) examining use and reporting of LR in the nursing literature. Methods: Text books on LR and research articles employing LR as main statistical analysis were reviewed. Twenty-three articles published between 2010 and 2011 in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing were analyzed for proper use and reporting of LR models. Results: Logistic regression from basic concepts such as odds, odds ratio, logit transformation and logistic curve, assumption, fitting, reporting and interpreting to cautions were presented. Substantial shortcomings were found in both use of LR and reporting of results. For many studies, sample size was not sufficiently large to call into question the accuracy of the regression model. Additionally, only one study reported validation analysis. Conclusion: Nursing researchers need to pay greater attention to guidelines concerning the use and reporting of LR models.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.32-39
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• 2023

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of UAV classification, tracking, and detection, offering researchers a clear understanding of these fundamental concepts. It elucidates how classification categorizes UAVs based on attributes, how tracking monitors real-time positions, and how detection identifies UAV presence. The interconnectedness of these aspects is highlighted, with detection enhancing tracking and classification aiding in anomaly identification. Moreover, the paper emphasizes the relevance of simulations in the context of drones and UAVs, underscoring their pivotal role in training, testing, and research. By succinctly presenting these core concepts and their practical implications, the paper equips researchers with a solid foundation to comprehend and explore the complexities of UAV operations and the role of simulations in advancing this dynamic field.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.549-558
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• 2014

Integrated concepts that are broad enough to embrace facts, principles, laws, and concepts of multiple disciplines could become the core of integrated education. Integrated concept-centered education enables effective and practical learning. In this study, the Delphi Method was implemented targeting experts in science (physics, life science, chemistry, and earth science) and humanities (history, geology, economics, ethics, and politics) to find out the integrated concept that can be used to design the concept-centered integrated education in the Republic of Korea. 124 experts participated in this survey. Delphi survey was conducted for three rounds. In the first round, an open questionnaire was given to experts to collect feasible integrated concepts in each major field. Then, in the second round experts were asked to select integrated concepts that could be used practically in the field of their major. In the third round, the integrated concept with selection frequency over medium value were given. They were asked to evaluate the applicability of integrated concepts by using the Likert-scale questionnaire. Through this process, content validity was analyzed. As a result, five integrated concepts (change, interaction, space-time, energy, and equilibrium) were selected for the inter-science integration. And thirteen integrated concepts (conflict, community, relationship, structure, power, diversity, culture, change, society, interaction, freedom, justice, and equality) were chosen for the inter-humanities integration. Finally, for the science-humanities integration, seven integrated concepts (structure, diversity, change, interaction, cycle, system, and environment) were determined.