• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.184-194
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a diabetes management self-efficacy scale for older adults (DMSES-O). Methods: A preliminary DMSES-O of 22 items was derived from a literature review and seven domains of self-management behaviors. Content validity was confirmed by experts in diabetes self-management education. To test the reliability and validity of the DMSES-O, data were collected from 150 older adults with type 2 diabetes. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated. Results: From the exploratory factor analysis, 17 significant items in six subscales were derived. Factors derived were named "problem solving for hypoglycemia and self-monitoring blood glucose," "problem solving for hyperglycemia," "coping with psychological distress and taking medication," "reducing risks of diabetes complications," "appropriate exercise," and "healthy eating." The criterion-related validity of the DMSES-O was established by its correlation with the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Questionnaire. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, a measure of internal consistency, was .84 for the overall scale and ranged from .54 to .80 for the subscales. Conclusion: The DMSES-O is a reliable and valid instrument to measure selfefficacy for diabetes self-management among older adults.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.61-71
• /
• 2002

purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out the influencing factors of smoking-cessation behavior of patients with coronary heart disease and to suggest the model of smoking-cessation behavior which was based on the relationship between influencing factors and then to test its fitness empirically. method : This study was based on the Theory of Reasoned Action and a hypothetical model was constructed with fifteen paths in consideration of main predictive factors of smoking-cessation behavior such as biological factor, disease-related characteristics, self-efficacy, supportive factor, environmental factor, disease-related perception factor, intention-to-quit, and psychological factor. The validity of a smoking- cessation model was tested to 264 patients with coronary heart disease by using SPSS 8.0 and Window LISREL 8.12a. results : 1. Seven of the 15 paths of smoking-cessation behavior proved to be significant. 2. The final model excluded three paths in the hypothetical model was demonstrated to be improved by $x^2$=44.31 (df=38, p=.22), Goodness of Fit Index (GFI)=.98, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI)=.96, Non-Normed Fit Index(NNFI)=1.00, Normed Fit Index(NFI)=1.00, and Root Mean Square Residual(RMR)=.24. 3.The smoking-cessation behavior was influenced directly by biological factor, self-efficacy, supportive factor, environmental factor, intention-to-quit, and psychological factor. The smoking-cessation behavior was accounted for 82% of variance by these factors. conclusion : although the adolescents' smoking behavior can be predicted by only smoking intention, it is hard to predict the adults' smoking-cessation behavior by only this factor. Therefore, intention-to-quit, self-efficacy, supportive factor should be improved because these are promotive factors for smoking-cessation behavior. Biological factor, environmental factor, and psychological factor are inhibitive factors, so nicotine replacement therapy is helpful to the high nicotine-dependents, and ex-smokers avoid other smokers in their environment and also patients should learn and practice the stress coping-skills.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.144-147
• /
• 2003

It is important to understand the process of technology diffusion among end users for effectively implementing adoption and coping with frequent changes in the environment. Previous studies indicate that information and communication technology (ICT) adoption is affected by innovation influence such as usefulness, ease of use and self-efficacy. Most of these studies, however, bypassed imitation influence such as subjective norms, word-of-mouth, and advertising, specifically, interactive innovation having critical mass in technology acceptance research. Thus, this study investigates imitation influence in individual adoption of mobile communication technology, more specifically, mobile phones, using Mahaian's diffusion model in individual ICT adoption.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.39-57
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of private kindergarten teachers' teacher efficacy and communication competence on their job stress. The subjects in this study were 161 private kindergarten teachers working in kindergartens in Gyeong-gi province. For the research analysis, frequency, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient, and Pearson's correlation were calculated and regression analysis were conducted. The results are as follows. Firstly, it was revealed that personal teacher efficacy does have statistically meaningful negative influences on job stress as a whole as well as the sub-factors of job stress, but general teacher efficacy has meaningful negative influences only on the personal-related stress of the sub-factors. Secondly, communication competence has statistically meaningful negative influences on job stress as a whole as well as the sub-factors of job stress. Through this study, it is possible to provide a basic guideline to configure the subject content that enhance teacher efficacy and make them give full play to communication competence and develop a positive attitude for coping with job stress in a curriculum for private kindergarten teachers.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The present study aimed to review the characteristics of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) programs for alcohol use disorders and to examine the outcomes of such programs. Methods: We searched for domestic and foreign studies that implemented a CBT program for alcohol use disorders, published from 2006 to 2017. Studies that met inclusion/exclusion criteria were selected and a quality assessment was performed using the Risk of Bias (RoB) and Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies (RoBANS) instruments. We utilized a five-stage analysis process, through which nine experimental studies were selected. Results: Of these nine studies, four were randomized controlled trials, four used a quasi-experimental design, and one used a qualitative design. The CBT involved the three domains of cognitive reconstruction, problem solving, and coping. Coping with drinking situations and communication constituted most of the sessions. The outcomes of such interventions showed that CBT had a positive effect on alcohol use and self-evaluation. Conclusion: CBT is an effective way to change alcohol use behaviors, motivation, interpersonal relationships, emotional control, and self-efficacy among patients with alcohol use disorders. This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of CBT-based programs for the treatment of alcohol use disorders.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.409-424
• /
• 2016

This study analyzed the causal relationship among factors that influence the purchase intensions for individual pensions which have a growing importance as a financial means after retirement. For this purpose, structural equation modeling based on the survey data (N = 928) was conducted to analyze psychological factors and financial factors comprehensively. According to empirical results of the structural equation, in the case of non-subscribers of individual pensions, potential longevity and coping efficacy influenced the purchase intensions for individual pensions fully mediated by fear and worry about longevity. Trust in insurers and risk tolerance directly influenced the purchase intensions for individual pensions. These show that trust in insurers is the most important factor in purchase intensions for individual pensions. Also, only trust in insurers give a direct impact on individual pensions in the case of individual pension subscribers. Longevity-related emotional side is expected to help in marketing activities that target potential customers signing individual pensions. In addition, trust in insurers has the greatest impact on new and additional subscriptions that represent critical efforts to improve trust in insurers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.56-66
• /
• 2016

This study is a descriptive research study which attempts to determine the effects of self-efficacy, self-esteem, loneliness, stress, stress coping, and use expectancy on the smartphone addiction of university students based on the GIA model. Data was accumulated by means of questionnaire surveys from December 2015 to January 2016, which targeted 224 college students attending universities within Seoul and analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 21.0. The average smartphone addiction score was $2.5{\pm}0.8$ (1.2-4.9) and 125 students were in the normal category (55 %), 90 in the danger category (40.2%), and 9 in the addiction category (4%). The correlation analysis showed that loneliness and stress had positive correlations with use expectancy, while self-esteem had a negative correlation. Loneliness, stress, use expectancy, and self-esteem proved to be the major factors affecting smartphone addiction and it was concluded that the development and application of programs which strengthen self-esteem are necessary. This study contributed to the research application and availability of the GIA model by analyzing the factors affecting smartphone addiction based on the GIA model.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.89-93
• /
• 2018

High sodium dietary habits may cause various diseases, thereby threatening the public health. Various efforts have been made to control high sodium use in diets, but few studies have been conducted on health communication efforts to modify such habits. This study looks for suggestions for diet improvement education by examining whether or not high sodium dietary habits can be predicted by a consumer's perception on the threat and controllability of high sodium diets. In this study, a questionnaire was developed to measure the severity, vulnerability, efficiency, efficacy, and behavioral tendencies of the consumer, which were subscales of the protective motivation theory. The questionnaire was given to university students and their families in Chungnam Province. The results of a statistical analysis were as follows: First, more young people preferred high-sodium diets than older people. Second, the correlation analysis showed that older people knew that they were vulnerable to the negative effects of high sodium diets, but they would not change their dietary habits until they were confident that they could control the high-sodium diet. Third, the structural model analysis showed that the higher the coping perception was, the lower was the tendency to consume a high-sodium diet. These results suggest that in the effort to reduce high-sodium diets, it is more effective to provide viable information and improve efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.79-101
• /
• 2004

This study is performed to understand and resolve psychologically the issue of North Korea-South Korea's cultural heterogeneity which is treated importantly in unification debates. We collected data from 181 North Korea Defectors through survey, and found out that the North Korea Defectors perceived cultural heterogeneity so much especially at the early settlement stage. However, this fact itself didn't give a serious suggestion, What is significant was how much South Korean cultural orientation they had as a coping strategy. When they coped with South Korean cultural orientation, they showed high level of self-efficacy, and furthermore they demonstrated high level of psychological adaptation. By the way, this psychological adaptation level was not significantly correlated with positive index such as life satisfaction, but correlated with negative index such as depression. That is, low self-efficacy group showed high level of depression and 43% of them could be classified as a depression-symptom group. Thus, we can conclude that it is rather helpful for the North Korean Defectors to have South Korean cultural orientation for overcoming North Korea-South Korea's cultural heterogeneity, and coping strategy is more important than cultural heterogeneity itself.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.981-990
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between job searching efficacy and employment stress of the allied health students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 269 allied health students in Gyeongnam from September to October 30, 2015. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects(5 items), employment stress(22 items), job searching efficacy(27 items). Data were analyzed by SPSS 20. program. Results: In case of the man, good economic level, dissatisfied with major have higher job searching efficacy in allied health students. Department of physical therapy students had higher employment stress. The employment stress has an effect on higher self-esteem, higher employment in information technology, in case of the man, lower career adopted a capability. Conclusions: It is necessary to reduce employment stress of the allied health students. That should be provide support of economical, innovation curriculum development opportunity of self-development on improve the self esteem and employment in information technology, interview skill, writing resume from freshman to broaden understanding of the majors, for the employment stress coping skill.