• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.267-278
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• 2020

The heterogeneity and complexity of malaria involves political and natural environments, socioeconomic development, cross-border movement, and vector biology; factors that cannot be changed in a short time. This study aimed to assess the impact of economic growth and cross-border movement, toward elimination of malaria in Yunnan Province during its pre-elimination phase. Malaria data during 2011-2016 were extracted from 18 counties of Yunnan and from 7 villages, 11 displaced person camps of the Kachin Special Region II of Myanmar. Data of per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) were obtained from Yunnan Bureau of Statistics. Data were analyzed and mapped to determine spatiotemporal heterogeneity at county and village levels. There were a total 2,117 malaria cases with 85.2% imported cases; most imported cases came from Myanmar (78.5%). Along the demarcation line, malaria incidence rates in villages/camps in Myanmar were significantly higher than those of the neighboring villages in China. The spatial and temporal trends suggested that increasing per-capita GDP may have an indirect effect on the reduction of malaria cases when observed at macro level; however, malaria persists owing to complex, multi-faceted factors including poverty at individual level and cross-border movement of the workforce. In moving toward malaria elimination, despite economic growth, cooperative efforts with neighboring countries are critical to interrupt local transmission and prevent reintroduction of malaria via imported cases. Cross-border workers should be educated in preventive measures through effective behavior change communication, and investment is needed in active surveillance systems and novel diagnostic and treatment services during the elimination phase.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.93-102
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• 2008

In Korea, a movement for forming intentional communities is gathering people's interests to improve individualistic living environment, and to create a humanistic lifestyle. However, it is difficult to say if its management is successful or not, because intentional community is just in the experimental stage in Korea. The purpose of this study is to identify actual condition of residents' participation in forming process, shared activities in their daily lives, residents' regulation, common facilities and its management in order to offer basic information for revitalization of intentional communities in Korea. 7 intentional communities including eco-friendly villages, religious communities and a cooperative housing community were collected as the study objects. Upon analysis, those communities were divided into two groups according to their purpose of establishment; "HC (Housing-life focused Community includes cooperative housing community and eco-friendly community)" and "IC (Ideology focused Community includes ideology community and religious community)" in order to identify difference in residents' participation between the two groups. In-dept interviews with representatives of 7 intentional communities by a structured questionnaire were used as study method. The findings of this study are as follows; In general, more active residents' participation is identified in ICs than in HCs. There is no common house, which is considered as essential in intentional community, in HCs, while it was facilitated in all ICs. Role of leader seems more important in ICs than in HCs. About the ownership of housing and land, private owned is common in HCs, while community owned is common in ICs. Shared activities and residents' regulations are evidently less in most HCs than in ICs. Furthermore, in order to run a community sustainable, it is crucial to encourage sense of community among residents, and developing common house and activity programs. Common house design, which can promote proactive residents' participation in shared activity should be studied fitted to Korean circumstances. Above all, proactive participation in the shared activities is one of the most important factors in intentional community.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.311-317
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• 2010

In the paper, we propose an improved mobility method of modular robots by physical docking in the uneven environments. The modular robot system consists of autonomous docking device, 3 DOF robotic arm, motion controller, and main controller. Real-time location and direction of the robot are estimated using inner GPS and they are used to control direction and path of each robot for physical docking between modular robots. We design a navigation algorithm of modular robot using physical docking and cooperative navigation in the environment with broken road and low stair. The proposed method is verified by navigation experiments of three developed modular robots in the uneven environments.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.381-392
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• 2023

This study experimentally investigates the flexural behavior of steel-UHPC composite slabs composed of an innovative negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) steel plate and Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) slab connected via demountable high-strength bolt shear connectors. Eight demountable composite slab specimens were fabricated and tested under traditional four-point bending method. The effects of loading histories (positive and negative bending moment), types of steel plate (NPR steel plate and Q355 steel plate) and spacings of high-strength bolts (150 mm, 200 mm and 250 mm) on the flexural behavior of demountable composite slab, including failure mode, load-deflection curve, interface relative slip, crack width and sectional strain distribution, were evaluated. The results revealed that under positive bending moment, the failure mode of composite slabs employing NPR steel plate was distinct from that with Q355 steel plate, which exhibited that part of high-strength bolts was cut off, part of pre-embedded padded extension nuts was pulled out, and UHPC collapsed due to instantaneous instability and etc. Besides, under the same spacing of high-strength bolts, NPR steel plate availably delayed and restrained the relative slip between steel plate and UHPC plate, thus significantly enhanced the cooperative deformation capacity, flexural stiffness and load capacity for composite slabs further. While under negative bending moment, NPR steel plate effectively improved the flexural capacity and deformation characteristics of composite slabs, but it has no obvious effect on the initial flexural stiffness of composite slabs. Meanwhile, the excellent crack-width control ability for UHPC endowed composite members with better durability. Furthermore, according to the sectional strain distribution analysis, due to the negative Poisson's ratio effect and high yield strength of NPR steel plate, the tensile strain between NPR steel plate and UHPC layer held strain compatibility during the whole loading process, and the magnitude of upward movement for sectional plastic neutral axis could be ignored with the increase of positive bending moment.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.19
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• pp.145-209
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• 1992

This study, that is made by an on-the-spot survey and a library survey, is aimed at finding some problems in the recognition regarding public library users and suggesting the clue to solve the problems revealed in the way of having compared with 'Book-Room' and Public Library. Poor material was always a troublemaker in this study. Especially the part of 'Book-Room' phenomenon is wholly dependent upon a field survey, that is, interview with a 'book-room' clerks, gathering the advertising leaflets, a close observation on 'Book-Room', etc. There are little printed materials, much less precedent research theses. In the other parts of this paper, there are needed good statistical materials, but the nortion presented in the public library user statistics-for example pupil, students, housewives, old men, the generality of people, etc.- is so vague that it is insufficient and unhelpful for this study. In my judgment, with all these limitations, this article gets some results as follows : 1. 'Book-Room' is the cultural organization which is being operated by, for, of the community inhabitants and it takes on the character of movement - labor movement, cultural movement, and community movement. 2. The pioneer of the Book-Room is 'Yangso Hyupdong chohap' (which means good book- cooperative association) lasted from 1978 to the next year. 3. 'Arom'(means learning) Book-Room is the first real Book-Room at Seomyon district in Pusan established in 1987. 4. Book-Room can be classified by its character as 'Labor BookRoom' and 'Cultural Book-Room'. There are 10 Labor BookRooms and 4 Cultural Book-Rooms in Pusan. 5. Labor Book-Rooms organized themselves to 'Labor Book-Room conference'. 6. Book-Rooms have done their best to extort the needs and interests of the community inhabitants, but relatively public libraries do not, hence the majority of residents are neglected from the public library service. This is at Book-Rooms' back to have been spread so quickly. 7. There is a very large gap between the component ratio of community inhabitants by class and that of public library users by same criterion, that is, in the case of the former, the labor class goes beyond a half point, in the latter, the majority of public library user is composed of students and housewives. 8. Researchers and librarians have concentrated their attention and effort not upon whole residents in community but upon existing users at present time. They do not try to develope potential users. So, researchers' and librarians' recognition regarding the public library users needs to be changed. 9. The concept of 'core-user' may be the key to solve the problems related with public library users. For the purpose of ensuring the 'core-user', it is necessary to study the community and inhabitants.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

The simple bacteria cooperative optimization (sBCO) algorithm that we developed as one of optimization algorithms has shown relatively good performances, but their performances were limited by step-by-step movement of individuals at a time. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a new method that assigned a speed to each individual according to its rank and it was confirmed that it improved the performances of sBCO in some degree. In addition to the assigning of speed to the individuals, we employed a new mutation operation that most existing evolutionary algorithms used in order to enhance the performances of sBCO in this paper. A specific percent of bad individuals are mutated within an area that is proportion to the rank of the individual in the mutation operation. That is, Gaussian noise of large standard deviation is added as the fitness of individuals is low. From this, the probability that the individuals with lower ranks can be located far from its parent will be increased. This causes that the probability of falling into local optimum areas is decreased and the probability of fast escaping the local optimum areas is increased. From experimental results with four function optimization problems, we showed that the performances of sBCO with mutation operation and individual speed were increased. If the optimization function is quite complex, however, the performances are not always better. We should devise a new method for solving this problem as a further work.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.377-388
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey the operation and development direction in KPNFA. Method: The participants of this study consisted of physical therapists who had a KPNFA membership. The satisfaction levels for each item (KPNFA impression, educational programs, and clinical application) were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The survey was performed during June and July 2018. The total questionnaire was comprised of 648 samples. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation analysis were used to compare the general characteristics and all items. Results: In the questionnaire, the impression of KPNFA was 69.21, the instructor specialization in the educational programs was 74.22, and helpful interventions for clinical application scored 74.96. KPNFA's image is competitive; friendly items scored the highest, and operation suitability and communication scored the lowest. The most important factor of the educational program was the quality of the instructors. The most helpful item was the education intervention program. The nervous system was applied to the patient with the highest response. The age of subjects showed a significant positive correlation with KPNFA impression, KPNFA branch impression, and branch problem solving. The work duration of subjects showed a significant negative correlation with instructor specialization. A regular member duration of subjects showed a negative correlation with teaching method, instructor specialization. Conclusions: The KPNFA survey was performed for the first time. In the future, this data will be utilized as the basis for KPNFA policy.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.919-928
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was conducted to improve middle school students' satisfaction on their uniform to provide basic information for the wearing condition. on their comfortable uniform. Survey was conducted on 532 boys' and girls' middle school students in Iksan City. This study analyzed the purchasing factors and modification, fitting evaluation, and satisfaction of comfortable uniform aspect of students. It was the questionnaire consisted of 18 questions in total. The results are as follows : First, boys' middle school students preferred 'activity' among the purchasing factors. Girls' middle school students preferred 'design' and 'activity' among the purchasing factors. Second, in purchasing types, boys' students bought the type of cooperative purchasing and the type of the school uniform special shop in girls' students. Third, 51.0% of the students interviewed have experienced to modify their uniforms. Since the non fashionable design and non suitable uniform length caused the students to modify their uniform. Also students did not satisfy the color and design in their comfortable uniforms. Thus school uniform maker should make that consider movement, color, design, functional elements and changing students' aesthetic sense.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore and compare the level and type of nursing ethical values according to career and nursing units of clinical nurses, Methods: The subjects were 944 nurses working in General Hospital in Seoul and the data were collected from March 8 to August, 2007 using the nursing ethical values questionnaire, The collected data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 10.0 program. Results: The results were as follows; The level of clinical nurses' ethical values were significantly different according to career and nursing units (p<.01) and it was found that most clinical nurses had deontological ethics in the areas of professional nursing domain ($2.77{\pm}.31$), cooperative relations domain ($2.90{\pm}.26$) and customer relation domain ($3.03{\pm}.32$). but that they had utilitarian ethics in human life domain ($2.53{\pm}.32$). Conclusion: Different approaches are needed to develop to establish clinical nurses' ethical values based on career, characteristics of nursing unit and various clinical situations.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1974

The public library and micro-library as institutions of social education have been greatly developed under the influence of the library law enacted 011 Octob~r 28,1963 and the micro-library movement begun in 1961. However, they have still yet many problems to solve in order to accomplish their purpose effectively. As compared with the staff and library materials, buildings are 1norc. than a match for the others. Although many facilities are not complete enough to serve the public, people do not make the best of the facilities in both the public libraries and micro-libraries. The cause of such a result ~vould be taken from a reason that the founders of the libraries could not concentrate their intcrest on the staff and materials, for they were bent on the establishment of external facilities of the libraries. The poorer materials and facilities are, the more effort a2d better quality of the staff are required for their best utilization. As it is the information center of the community, the management of a library should be scientific and reasmable. In addition, librarians have to do their best to serve the public with the spirit of Christianity under the more active suppxt of the government. Finally, institutions of social education in this comn~unityin cluding public libraries and micro-libraries might establish a mutual cooperative organization for more effective library service.