• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2021

If one is looking for an organization that will be responsive to community needs, stimulate economic growth, and raise people's income, cooperatives should be an obvious choice (Calkins & Ngo, 2005; Larocque et al., 2002). This paper investigates whether the households' income is affected by the access to cooperatives for the case of Phong Dien district, Can Tho city of Vietnam. Data used are directly collected from 250 households that are both participating (120 observations) and not participating in the cooperatives in Truong Long, Tan Thoi, Nhon Ai and Nhon Nghia communes. By using the Probit model, the findings show that there are three statistically significant factors affecting the ability of farm households to participate in the cooperatives at the 1 percent level including land area, distance to market center, and education level. In addition, the PSM model analysis suggests that the average income of cooperative members is significantly higher than that of non-members, about 40.880 million VND/year at the significance level of 1 percent. The empirical results imply that being a cooperative member is a significant contributory factor toward an increase in household income. Based on the research findings, several recommendations to improve the households' income are proposed.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2011

Cooperative Group Games (CGG) emphasize participation, challenges and fun by cooperation among group members rather than competition. CGGs have been proven to be an efficient education method that teaches the value of cultivating cooperation skills, discipline, and sense of public order for tackling problems together through various types of interactions. When integrated with computer game technology, the general classic CGG can be reborn with new educational and entertaining aspects. To combine the joy of physical movement of group games and the richness of computer game contents, a motion based arcade CGG has been developed in this study, based on the original ideas and structures of classic off-line CGGs. While implementing the classic game concepts in arcade environment, various design attributes have been considered and applied, which were supposed to promote cooperative game play. Overall, the process of the implementation and test results of our four CGGs suggest several design strategies for effective arcade CGGs.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.59-74
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• 1998

Home economics lesson plan model was developed based on cooperative learning stategy focusing on human development and family relations area. The cooperative learning is an instructional strategy that meets the challenge of helping students master home economics content objectives by acquiring and practicing the social skills that are essential in life for satisfactory relationships with peers, families, coworkers, and others in society. Through cooperative learning, students can satisfy their needs for friendship, power, belongs, and fun. Practical problems were selected in human development and family relations area for middle school students assuming that home economics is critical science. Lesson plans were developed according to the practical problems, "what should we do regarding the effective communication between family members\ulcorner".ner".uot;.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.898-902
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• 2015

Alternative radio-navigation technologies aim at providing continuous navigation solution even if one cannot use GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). In shadowing region such as indoor environment, GNSS signal is no longer available and the alternative navigation system should be used together with GNSS to provide seamless positioning. For soldiers in battlefield where GNSS signal is jammed or in street battle, the alternative navigation system should work without positioning infrastructure. Moreover, the radio-navigation system should have scalability as well as high accuracy performance. This paper presents a TWR (Two-Way-Ranging)-based cooperative positioning system (CPS) that does not require location infrastructure. It is assumed that some members of CPS can obtain GNSS-based position and they are called mobile anchors. Other members unable to receive GNSS signal compute their position using TWR measurements with mobile anchors and neighboring members. Error propagation in CPS is analytically studied in this paper. Error budget for TWR measurements is modeled first. Next, location error propagation in CPS is derived in terms of range errors. To represent the location error propagation in the CPS, Location Error Propagation Indicator (LEPI) is proposed in this paper. Simulation results show that location error of tags in CPS is mainly influenced by the number of hops from anchors to the tag to be positioned as well as the network geometry of CPS.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2024

본 연구는 초등과학영재 학생의 과학 창의성을 증진하는데 상호작용 강화 협동학습이 효과적일 것으로 보고, 정량적 자료와 정성적 자료를 통해 그 효과를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 초등과학영재 학생 34명을 상호작용 강화 협동학습에 참여한 실험 집단과 대집단 상호작용에만 참여한 비교 집단으로 나누어 생성한 창의적 산출물의 창의성 점수를 비교하였다. 정성적 분석을 위해서는 실험 집단에 속한 학생들이 협동하는 과정에서 나눈 대화를 분석하여 상호작용 양상을 탐색하였으며, 설문조사를 통해 협동학습에 대한 인식의 변화를 확인하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상호작용 강화 협동학습은 과학 창의성 요소 중 유용성 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 둘째, 상호작용 강화 협동학습에 참여한 학생들의 상호작용 양상이 협동학습 실시 후반으로 갈수록 질적으로 향상하였다. 셋째, 상호작용 강화 협동학습의 효과를 저해시키는 요인에는 소집단 구성원의 부정적인 과제 무관 진술과 이에 따른 운영 진술이 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 본 연구에서는 효과적인 상호작용 강화 협동학습을 위한 교수학습 방안에 대해 논의하였다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.79-104
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• 1995

Dividend Policy involves the decision to pay out earnings versus retaining them for reinvestment in the firm, and dividend policy decisions can have either favorable or unfavorable effects on the attainment of firm's objective. This paper is to examine the present status of dividend policy of the Pusan Cooperative Fish Market, and to suggest the optimal dividend policy decisions appropriate for achieving its objective, which is to promote the fishermen's benefits and protect the interest of consumers. There are two types of dividend that the Pusan Cooperative Fish Market pays to the equity owners : (1) dividend on capital and (2) equalized patronage dividend. During'90s, while the rate of dividend on capital ranged from 1.7% to 2.8%, that of equalized patronage dividend ranged from 13.9% to 22.9%. Therefore, the rate of total dividend on capital including revolving funds has been about 20%, which turns out to be much higher than those of companies listed in the stock market. According to the current dividend data, the Pusan Cooperative Fish Market focuses on the equalized patronage dividend and the dividen on capital is the secondary type of dividend. In addition, the interesting feature of equalized patronage dividend is that it is supposed to be reinvested into capital by the Articles of the Fish Market, as soon as the Fish Market pays it to its members. Finally, this paper suggests the rational dividend policy of the Fish Market that is able to help its objective to be achidved more efficiently. The overall direction of the rational dividend policy can be summarized as follows ; (1) The level of cash dividend on capital should be increased enough to reflect the market interest rate. (2) The subsidy of working capital to some member fisheries cooperatives as quasi- dividend should be cut off steadily. (3) The equalized patronage dividend should be replaced by the original patronage dividend whose level is determined by the volume of each member's purchase. (4) In the long-term, it is necessary to improve the system of revolving funds in the way that revoloving funds could serve to complement equity capital for only a fixed time, after which they ard repaid to the members.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.143-174
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• 1997

The model applied in this paper is based on the theory of economic order quantity (EOQ). EOQ model is introduced to explain the improvement of the transaction efficiency through the cooperative purchase. We examine explicitly how horizontal cooperation affects vertical transactions. A result of the analysis is that a seller can prefer transacting with a cooperative rather than with each buyer separately, even if he reduces the selling price of the product. Without increasing the demand for the product, this result is that dealing with a cooperative, rather than separately with each buyer, decreases the transaction cost for the seller-buyers system, the cost reduction more than off-setting the effect of price decrease on the sellers profit. For a coopative consisting of any number of buyers, Pareto efficient ordering policies that maximize the joint cost saving for the seller-buyers system are identified. We then discuss the conditions under which a cooperative under consideration can be modified to increase efficiency gain. Next, we relax the assumption that all buyers participate in a single cooperative and examine the issue of how many cooperatives, each consisting of a subset of the buyers, should be formed to maximize the total cost saving for the seller-buyers system. Finally, the issue of shapley value to divide the cooperatives gain among its members is discussed.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권2B호
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• pp.269-278
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• 2010

클러스터링 프로토콜의 클러스터 간 주파수 간섭에서 클러스터 멤버는 자신의 전송률을 유지 또는 증가시키기 위해 많은 양의 에너지를 소비하여 노드 수명이 급격히 감소하는 문제가 있다. 이에 서로 다른 주파수를 사용하는 FDM 기반의 자원할당 정책이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 클러스터 간 주파수 간섭 문제를 해결하기 위해 게임의 참여자간 자원협상문제를 다루는 게임이론을 사용하여 클러스터 간 합리적인 파워 전략을 제시하였다. 특히 각 클러스터가 이기적으로 주파수 자원을 점유하려는 경우를 가정한 비협조게임과 협상을 통해 주파수를 나누어 사용하는 협조게임의 관점에서 각각 분석하였다. 또한 시뮬레이션을 사용하여 협조게임과 비협조게임에서의 노드의 수명시간을 비교하였다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.197-216
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• 2002

Cooperativeness within an organization can be conceptualized as the degree of members' willingness to work with others. The simulation study investigates the relationships of cooperativeness with team performance at different levels of information redundancy by using a multi-agents model called Team-Soar. The model consists of a group of four individual Al agents situated in a network, which models a naval command and control team consisting of four members. The study used a $9{\times}3$ design in which agent cooperativeness was manipulated at nine levels by gradually replacing selfish team members with increasing numbers of neutral and cooperative members, while information redundancy was controlled at three different levels(i.e., low, medium, and high). Results of the Team-Soar simulation show that cooperation has positive impacts on team performance. Further, the results reveal that the impact of agent cooperativeness on team performance depends on the amount of information needed to be processed during the decision making process.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.253-270
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• 2015

Two major simultaneous attack strategies have been introduced, as one of cooperative attack of multiple missiles. One strategy is an undesignated time attack, in which the missiles communicate among themselves to synchronize the arrival times by reducing the mutual differences of times-to-go of multiple missiles during the homing. The other is a designated time attack, in which a common impact time is commanded to all members in advance, and thereafter each missile tries to home on the target on time independently. For this individual homing, Impact-Time-Control Guidance (ITCG) law is required. After introducing cooperative proportional navigation (CPN) for the first strategy, this article presents a new closed-form ITCG guidance solution for the second strategy. It is based on the linear formulation, employing base trajectories driven by PNG with various navigation constants. Nonlinear simulation of several engagement situations demonstrates the performance and feasibility of the proposed ITCG law.