• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 소집단 구성 방법을 달리한 두 가지 협동학습-HML 협동학습과 HL/MM 협동학습-교수 방법이 학생의 학업 성취도, 과학 수업에 대한 태도, 수업 환경에 대한 인식, 자아 존중감에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. HML(High-Medium-Low ability grouping) 협동학습은 상 중 하위 수준의 학습자를 고루 포함하도록 소집단을 구성한 방식이고, HL/MM(High-Low/ Medium-Medium ability grouping) 협동학습은 상위 하위 수준의 학습자로 구성된 소집단/중위 중위 수준의 학습자로 구성 된 소집단이 공존하는 방식 이다. 본 연구는 중학생 3개 학급(통제 집단 1 학급, HML 협동학습 집단 1 학급, HL/MM 협동학습 집단 1 학급)을 대상으로 물질의 특성 단원에 대하여 약 5주간 실시 되었다. 수업 처치 전에 논리적 사고력, 과학수업에 대한 태도, 수업 환경에 대한 인식과 자아 존중감 검사를 실시하였고, 수업 처치 후에 학업 성취도, 과학 수업에 대한 태도, 수업 환경에 대한 인식과 자아 존중감 검사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 전체 학업 성취도에서 수업 처치의 주효과는 나타나지 않았으나, 수업 처치와 사전 성취 수준 사 이에 상호작용 효과가 있었다. 상위 수준 학습자의 경우 HL/MM 협동학습 집단의 성취도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 중위 수준 학습자의 경우에 이질적으로 구성된 HML 협동학습 집단의 성취도가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 중위 수준 학습자들로만 소집단을 구성한 HL /MM 협동학습 집단의 성취도는 통제 집단과 거의 차이가 없었다. 반면, 하위 수준 학습자의 경우에는 상 중 하위 수준 학습자들로 구성된 HML 협동학습집단의 성취도는 다른 두 집단에 비하여 낮게 나타났으며, HL/MM 협동학습 집단의 성취도는 통제 집단과 거의 유사하였다. 과학 수업에 대한 태도와 자아 존중감에서는 수업 처치의 주효과 및 사전 성취 수준과의 상호작용 효과가 없었다. 그러나, 수업 환경에 대한 인식에서는 두 가지 협동학습 집단의 접수가 통제 집단에 비해 유의미하게 높았다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2006

This study examined how pre-service elementary teachers' perceptions regarding the learning environment (learning focus/ability-meritocracy/cooperative climate) and achievement goals (mastery/performance-approach/performance-avoidance) in science education courses jointly contributed to their science teaching efficacy beliefs (personal science teaching efficacy belief/science teaching outcome expectancy). A path analysis supported a causal model in which the perception of the learning focus influenced the mastery goal, which in turn influenced the personal science teaching efficacy belief and science teaching outcome expectancy. The perception of learning focus also had a direct effect on science teaching outcome expectancy. The perception of ability-meritocracy influenced personal science teaching efficacy belief via the performance-approach (positively) or, conversely, the performance-avoidance goal (negatively). No link .was deduced from the perception of cooperative climate. The educational implications of these findings were also discussed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.149.1-149
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• 2001

In multi robot environment, the action selection strategy is important for the cooperation and coordination of multi agents. However the overlap of actions selected individually by each robot makes the acquisition of cooperation behaviors less efficient. In addition to that, a complex and dynamic environment makes cooperation even more difficult. So in this paper, we propose a control algorithm which enables each robot to determine the action for the effective cooperation in multi-robot system. Here, we propose cooperative algorithm with reinforcement learning to determine the action selection In this paper, when the environment changes, each robot selects an appropriate behavior strategy intelligently. We employ ...

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2024

Effective warehouse management requires advanced resource planning to optimize profits and space. Robots offer a promising solution, but their effectiveness relies on embedded artificial intelligence. Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) enhances robot intelligence in these environments. This study explores various MARL algorithms using the Multi-Robot Warehouse Environment (RWARE) to determine their suitability for warehouse resource planning. Our findings show that cooperative MARL is essential for effective warehouse management. IA2C outperforms MAA2C and VDA2C on smaller maps, while VDA2C excels on larger maps. IA2C's decentralized approach, focusing on cooperation over collaboration, allows for higher reward collection in smaller environments. However, as map size increases, reward collection decreases due to the need for extensive exploration. This study highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate MARL algorithm based on the specific warehouse environment's requirements and scale.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

This study considers an approach for subregional fisheries organization in Northeast Asia. The fishery resources in the Northeast Asian waters surrounding Korea are among the most productive in the world because of their extremely high biological productivity and the natural features of the sea. However, the fishery resources of the region have long been subject to heavy fishing pressures, and many stocks are now believed to be seriously depleted or even in danger of extinction because of overfishing. To move to a run sustainable fishery in Northeast Asia waters area, cooperative fisheries management between Korea, China and Japan for common resource is probably necessary. Cooperative fisheries management is likely to be more effective in fishery resources management than individual fisheries management by countries. The effects of fisheries management by regional cooperation can be divided into resource management and economical performance. Cooperative fisheries management as RFO will bring satisfactory results. Currently these jurisdictional extensions and resulting disputes over maritime space and resources were thrust upon an already transitional and unstable political environment. However, They have to have a strategic approach for RFO establishment step by step. Cooperative fisheries management using the RFO can mitigate these disputes, and cooperative bilateral fisheries arrangements have been proliferating over the past 10 years and may provide the basis for possible trust-building multilateral agreements.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2008

In this paper, we investigate the effect of cooperative and selection relaying schemes on multiuser diversity in downlink cellular systems with fixed relay stations (RSs). Each mobile station (MS) is either directly connected to a base station (BS) and/or connected to a relay station. We first derive closed-form solutions or upper-bound of the ergodic and outage capacities of four different downlink data relaying schemes: A direct scheme, a relay scheme, a selection scheme, and a cooperative scheme. The selection scheme selects the best access link between the BS and an MS. For all schemes, the capacity of the BS-RS link is assumed to be always larger than that of RS-MS link. Half-duplex channel use and repetition based relaying schemes are assumed for relaying operations. We also analyze the system capacity in a multiuser diversity environment in which a maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scheduler is used at a base station. The result shows that the selection scheme outperforms the other three schemes in terms of link ergodic capacity, link outage capacity, and system ergodic capacity. Furthermore, our results show that cooperative and selection diversity techniques limit the performance gain that could have been achieved by the multiuser diversity technique.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.795-800
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to propose motivation for the analysis of consumer's purchasing behavior and willingness to pay for the new soymilk products in cooperative stores. We surveyed the purchasing behavior, willingness to purchase, willingness to pay, and impact factors on willingness to pay. The results indicated that most consumers drank soymilk more than once per week. The reasons for consuming soymilk were health, nutrition, and taste, in order. When purchasing soymilk, consumers considered environment-friendly, quality, country of origin, brand, and price, consecutively. Taste was also an essential quality factor. Thus, consumers showed some willingness to purchase new soymilk products. In addition, cooperative members considered environmental characteristics of raw material and improvement of preference for final product as more important than functionality or food additives. Differentiation of process and marketing strategies are required for the development of soymilk products for cooperative members.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.5322-5342
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• 2016

In vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networks, where selfishness degrades node activity, countermeasures for collaboration enforcement must be provided to enable application of a sage and efficient network environment. Because vehicular networks feature both high mobility and various topologies, selfish behavior judgment and establishment of a stable routing protocol become intensely challenging. In this paper, a two-phase-based generous cooperative routing protocol (called GEC) is presented for V2V networks to provide resistance to selfishness. To detect selfish behaving vehicles, a packet forwarding watchdog and an average connection rate based on the multipath weight method are used, where evidence is gathered from different watchdogs. Then, multihop relay decisions are made using a generous cooperative algorithm based on game theory. Finally, through buffering of the multiple end-to-end paths and judicious choice of optimal cooperative routes, route maintenance phase is capable of dealing with congestion and rapidly exchanging traffic. Specifically, it is proved that the GEC is theoretically subgame perfect. Simulation results show that for V2V networks with inherently selfish nodes, the proposed method isolates uncooperative vehicles and is capable of accommodating both the mobility and congestion circumstances by facilitating information dissemination and reducing end-to-end delay.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.91-114
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• 2007

Song and Nagaki(2007)에 나타나 있는 것과 같은 동북아지역의 황사(먼지모래폭풍: DSS) 저감을 위한 비음부담 공조체제는 참여국의 협정불이행으로 실행가능성에 문제가 제기된다. 만일 비협조적 전략이 각국에게 보다 현실적이 라면, 내쉬균형이 실현가능한 비용분담 게임의 결과를 예측하게 하여줄 수 있다. 본 연구에 따르면, 연속전략게임의 경우, ADB의 황사저감사업의 비용이 각국 투자에 의해 조달된다는 가정하에 무한한 내쉬균형이 발견된다. 또한, 비연속전략은 3각형 평면으로 나타나는 연속전략의 내쉬균형의 꼭짓점으로 나타나게 되며, 공조적 게임의 결과는 무한한 균형 점들을 1개의 점으로 수렴하게 된다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권7호
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• pp.1777-1788
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• 1999

자바 언어를 이용하여 이질적인 컴퓨팅 자원으로 구성된 컴퓨팅 환경에서 효율적으로 분산 병렬 처리를 수행할 수 있도록 하는 웹컴퓨팅 방법이 제시되었다. 본 연구에서는 인트라넷상의 유휴 컴퓨팅 자원을 활용하는 '협력하는 웹컴퓨팅 환경(Cooperative Web Computing Environment : CWCE)'을 구축하였다. 이 환경은 특히 협력하는 병렬 프로그램을 효율적으로 수행할 수 있도록 한다. CWCE 컴퓨터들 사이의 통신 집중 감소를 위해 복수 개의 매니저 컴퓨터를 운용할 수 있는 방법을 제공한다. 또한 최적화 된 수행을 지원하기 위해 필요한 매니저 컴퓨터의 개수를 결정할 수 있는 '매니징 레벨 결정 함수'를 제공한다. 본 연구에서는 동기화 된 통신을 요구하는 응용 프로그램이 CWCE 환경에서 복수 개의 매니저 컴퓨터를 이용함으로써 보다 효율적으로 수행될 수 있음을 분석과 실험을 통해서 보이도록 하였다.