• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 2000

Two experiments were conducted to determine ileal digestibilities for the amino acids contained in sesame meal using the regression technique and then applying the values obtained in a growth trial using growing-finishing pigs. For the digestibility trial, four, 20 kg crossbred (Yorkshire $\times$ Landrace $\times$ Beijing Black) barrows were fitted with a simple T-cannula in the terminal ileum. After recovery, the barrows were fed one of four experimental diets according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square design. The pigs were fed corn-soybean meal based diets supplemented with 0, 25, 50 or 75 percent sesame meal. For the growth trial, 210 crossbred (Yorkshire $\times$ Landrace $\times$ Henan Min) growing pigs ($21.8{\pm}1.4kg$), were fed corn-soybean meal based diets supplemented with 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12% sesame meal. Three pens (7 gilts and 7 castrates) were assigned to each treatment. With the exception of arginine and phenylalanine, the digestibility coefficients for the indispensible amino acids declined as the level of sesame meal in the diet increased. There was little agreement between the amino acid digestibilities determined with the regression technique and values previously published for sesame meal determined with the direct method. Daily gain and feed conversion both declined (linear effect p=0.02 and 0.06 respectively) as the level of sesame meal in the diet increased.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.369-375
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• 2000

Two experiments were conducted to determine the apparent ileal digestibility of the amino acids contained in peanut meal using the regression technique and then applying the values obtained, in a growth trial, using growing-finishing pigs. For the digestibility trial, four 20 kg crossbred (Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Beijing Black) barrows were fitted with simple T-cannula in the terminal ileum. After recovery, the barrows were fed one of four experimental diets according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square design. The pigs were fed corn-soybean meal based diets supplemented with 0, 25, 50 or 75% peanut meal. For the growth trial, 200 crossbred (Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Beijing Black) growing pigs (20.9 kg) were fed corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20% peanut meal. Five pens (4 gilts and 4 castrates) were assigned to each treatment. With the exception of arginine, histidine and phenylalanine, the digestibility coefficients for the indispensible amino acids declined as the level of peanut meal in the diet increased. There was a good agreement between the amino acid digestibilities for lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan determined using the regression technique and amino acid digestibilities previously published for peanut meal. During both the growing (21-54 kg) and finishing (54-99 kg) periods, the addition of peanut meal decreased average daily gain (p=0.01) and feed conversion in a linear manner (p<0.05). Feed intake was not significantly different among treatments. The overall results suggest that peanut meal can be used at levels up to 15% in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs provided that the diet has been balanced for digestible amino acids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.521-527
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• 2000

Two experiments were conducted to determine the ileal digestibility of the amino acids contained in cottonseed meal using the regression technique and then applying the values obtained, in a growth trial, using growing-finishing pigs. For the digestibility trial, four 20 kg crossbred ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace{\times}Beijing$ Black) barrows were fitted with simple T-cannula in the terminal ileum. After recovery, the barrows were fed one of four experimental diets according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square design. The pigs were fed com-soybean meal based diets supplemented with 0, 25, 50 or 75% cottonseed meal. For the growth trial, 128 crossbred ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace{\times}Beijing$ Black) growing pigs (21 kg) were fed com-soybean meal diets supplemented with 0, 4, 8 or 12% cottonseed meal. Four pens (4 gilts and 4 castrates) were assigned to each treatment. The digestibility coefficients for the indispensible amino acids declined as the level of cottonseed meal in the diet increased. There was good agreement between the amino acid digestibilities for methionine, threonine and tryptophan determined using the regression technique and amino acid digestibilities previously published for cottonseed meal. However, for lysine, the value of 67% ileal digestibility obtained in the present experiment was higher than most previously published estimates which ranged from 42 to 73%. During both the growing (21-43 kg) and finishing (43-84 kg) periods, the addition of cottonseed meal decreased average daily gain and feed conversion in a linear manner (p<0.05). Feed intake was not significantly different between treatments. The overall results suggest that cottonseed meal can be used at levels of up to 8% in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs provided that the diet. has been balanced for digestible amino acids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1434-1439
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• 2001

Eighty crossbred pigs (Large White x Landrace) weighing 9.9 kg were assigned on the basis of sex, weight and Jitter to one of five dietary treatments in a factorial $(5\;treatments\;{\times}2\;sexes)$ arrangement to compare the nutritive value of hulled and dehulled peas fed with or without enzyme (0.25% Allzyme PF and 0.5% Biogal-S). A barley and soybean meal diet served as a control. Eight castrates and eight gilts were fed each diet. Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and energy were higher for diets containing dehulled peas than hulled peas. In addition, enzyme supplementation modestly increased the digestibility of all three nutrients. Over the entire experimental period (9.9 to 103.3 kg), there were no performance differences (p>0.05) between pigs fed soybean meal based diets or diets based on any of the pea products. In addition, there were no differences in performance between pigs fed diets containing hulled or dehulled peas or between pigs fed diets with or without dietary enzyme. Castrates gained weight significantly faster, consumed more feed but had a poorer feed conversion than gilts (p<0.05). There were no differences in carcass traits between pigs fed diets based on soybean meal or any of the pea products. Carcass traits were similar for pigs fed hulled or dehulled peas while enzyme supplementation also had no effect on carcass data. Castrate pigs had a lower carcass value index, estimated lean yield and loin lean depth (p<0.05). Loin fat depth was greater for castrates than gilts (p<0.05). The overall results of this experiment provide little support for the need for enzyme supplementation of pea based diets fed to swine. In addition, dehulling did not appreciably improve the nutritive value of peas. Therefore, since the process adds to the cost of the raw product, its use is unlikely to be economical.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.813-818
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• 2012

BOD and COD are currently used for water quality indices, but adoption of TOC for TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) is being suggested. Estimation of TOC using existing BOD and COD data is very important to diagnosis water quality trend when TOC is used for water quality index of organic matter in the future. The relationships between BOD COD and TOC in runoff from paddy fields were investigated during 2008-2011. The observed mean concentration of EMCs (Event Mean Concentration) for BOD, COD, TOC were 3.87, 10.97, 7.26 mg/L respectively. The correlation coefficients between BOD-TOC and COD-TOC were 0.42, 0.73, respectively. The coefficient of determination of regression equation for BOD-TOC and COD-TOC were 0.18, 0.53 respectively. Even though, conversion of COD data to TOC seems to be rather reliable than that of BOD-TOC, further monitoring is recommended to ensure better interpretation of relationship among BOD, COD and TOC.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 2013

A fast multiplier and ADC are essential to process the analog signals in real time. The double-base number system(DBNS) is known as an efficient method for this purpose. The DBNS uses the numbers 2 and 3 as the base numbers simultaneously. The system has an advantage of fast multiplication, less chip area, and low power consumption compared to the binary multiplier. However, the inherent errors of the log number's intrinsic tolerance in DBNS are accumulated in a FIR digital filter, so the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) has a tendency to be degraded. In this paper, the nonlinear encoder of ADC is designed to compensate the accumulated errors of DBNS by analysing the error distributions of various filter coefficients. The new ADC does not sacrifice its own advantages because the encoder circuits are modified only. The experiments were done with an FIR filters those were designed to have -70dB of SNR in stop band. The proposed nonlinear ADC encoder could drop the SNR to -45dB in stop band, in contrast to -35dB with the linear encoder.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.07b
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• pp.1277-1279
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• 1994

In the structure of ZnO/nip-SiC: H/metal substrate amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells, the effects of inserting a rear textured ZnO in the p-SiC:H/metal interface and a graded bandgap buffer layer in the i/p-SiC:H have been analysed by computer simulation. The incident light was taken to have an intensity of $100mW/cm^2$(AM-1). The thickness of the a-Si:H n, ${\delta}$-doped a-SiC:H p, and buffer layers was assumed to be $200{\AA},\;66{\AA}$, and $80{\AA}$, respectively. The scattering coefficients of the front and back ZnO were taken to be 0.2 and 0.7, respectively. Inserting the rear buffer layer significantly increases the open circuit voltage($V_{oc}$) due to reduction of the i/p interface recombination rate. The use of textured ZnO markedly improves collection efficiency in the long wavelengths( above ${\sim}550nm$ ) by back scattering and light confinement effects, resulting in dramatic enhancement of the short circuit current density($J_{sc}$). By using the rear buffer and textured ZnO, the i-layer thickness of the ceil for obtaining the maximum efficiency becomes thinner(${\sim}2500{\AA}$). From these results, it is concluded that the use of textured ZnO and buffer layer at the backside of the ceil is very effective for enhancing the conversion efficiency and reducing the degradation of a-Si:H pin-type solar cells.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.371-375
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• 2013

A new model about output power prediction of PV module with various tilted angles and cell to cell distances has been proposed in this paper. Light intensity arrived on a solar cell could be changed by characteristics of PV module materials. Refractive indices, thickness and absorption coefficients of glass, EVA, solar cell and Backsheet are used to predict output. Also, the incident angle of light is changed 0 to 90[$^{\circ}$] and cell to cell distances are 5, 10 15[mm]. Two types of light incident on a solar cell are considered which are direct to a solar cell and reflected from Backsheet. The intensity of the incident light directly into the solar cell is reduced through glass and EVA about 17.5[%] in theoretical way. It has an error of 2.26[%] compared with experimental result. The results for compare theoretical with experimental data is validated within the error of 6.3[%]. This paper would be a research material to predict output power when the PV module is installed outdoor or a building.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2002

The object of this study is to verify the feasibility in the application of the GPS system data to the existing geodetic and cadastral survey system. WGS-84 data, which were converted into domestic geometric coordinate system, were compared with those of the existing triangular coordinate system in Gwangju area. The significant results in this study are summarized below ; GPS system is more speedy and accurate than the existing triangular coordinate system in the survey of points in triangular coordinate or on the map. And the error in the GPS system was more uniform than that of the existing triangular coordinate system. GPS system is more effective than the existing triangular coordinate system in the future geodetic and cadastral survey because GPS data can be processed by the computer. It is necessary to calculate the conversion coefficients to apply GPS data practically to the existing geodetic and cadastral survey system. It can be achieved by the individual investigation on how the existing data in the domestic coordinate system were determined.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.2C
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• pp.113-123
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• 2007

In Ubiquitous communication environment, various conversions of images are essential, and most digital images are compressed by standard methods such as the Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG) and Motion Picture Expert Group (MPEG) which are based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT). In this paper, various image resizing algorithms in the DCT domain are analyzed, and a new image resizing algorithm, which shows superior performance compared with the conventional methods, is proposed. For arbitrary-ratio image resizing in the DCT domain, several blocks of $8{\times}8$ DCT coefficients are converted into one block using the conversion formula in the proposed algorithm, and the size of the inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) is decided optimally. The performance is analyzed by comparing the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) between original images and converted images. The performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of the conventional algorithm, since the correlation of pixels in images is utilized more efficiently.