• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.345-363
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare the speech rate of advanced Korean(L2) learners and Korean native speakers in spontaneous utterances. Specifically, the current study investigated the difference of the two groups' speech pattern according to utterance length. Eight advanced Korean(L2) learners and eight Korean native speakers participated in this study. The data were collected by recording their conversation and physical measurements (speaking rate, articulatory rates, pause and several types of speech disfluency) were taken on extracted 120 utterances from 12 out of the 16 participants. The findings show that advanced Korean learners' speech pattern is similar to that of Koreans in the short-length utterance. However, in the long-length utterance, two groups show different speech patterns; while the articulatory rate of Korean native speakers increased in the long-length utterance, that of Korean learners decreased. This suggests that the frequency of speech disfluency factors might affect this result.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2015

This study was aim to compare the phonological error patterns and PCC(Percentage of Correct Consonants) derived from the single word and spontaneous speech contexts of the speech sound disorders with unknown origin(SSD). The present study suggest that the development phonological error patterns and non-developmental error patterns of the target children, in according to speech context. The subjects were 15 children with SSD up to the age of 5 from 3 years of age. This research use 37 words of APAC(Assessment of Phonology & Articulation for Children) in the single word context and 100 eojeol in the spontaneous speech context. There was no difference of PCC between the single word and the spontaneous speech contexts. Significantly different developmental phonological error patterns between the single word and the spontaneous speech contexts were syllable deletion, word-medial onset deletion, liquid deletion, gliding, affrication, fricative other error, tensing, regressive assimilation. Significantly different non-developmental phonological error patterns were backing, addtion of phoneme, aspirating. The study showed that there was no difference of PCC between elicited single word and spontaneous conversational context. And there were some different phonological error patterns derived from the two contexts of the speech sound disorders. The more important interventions target is the error patterns of the spontaneous speech contexts for the immediate generalization and rising overall intelligibility.

• MALSORI
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• no.67
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• pp.61-77
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to blow the characteristics of disfluency in childhood. The subjects were 144 normal children at the age of between 3 to 8 years who lived in Seoul. All the subjects provided spontaneous conversational speech samples during free-play interactions with their friends. We investigated the patterns and the frequency of disfluency and its relevance with subject's age, speaking rate and MLU(mean length of utterance). The results of this study can be summarized as follows. (1) There was no difference in the frequency of disfluency with the speaker's age or speaking rate. (2) Interjection was the most frequently occurring pattern of disfluency. (3) Prolongation, revision, interjection increased with age while part-word repetition, single-syllable word repetition, multi-syllable word repetition decreased gradually. (4) A significant effect of MLU on the frequency of disfluencies were demonstrated. The regression analysis has shown that more disfluencies occurred in utterances of children whose MLU is longer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.17 no.32
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• pp.53-62
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• 1994

This paper deals with the analysis of the PC communication service system performance which will be installed as a gateway between PSTN and PSDN. Firstly, we classify the data traffic pattern into interactive, conversational, and file transfer type from the actual statistics. Secondly, we model the system structure as a closed queueing network model with multiservers and multiple customer classes and derive the analytic method to be able to measure the system performance using Mean Value Analysis. Finally, the simulation results indicate that the analytic method obtained is a good approximation method to measure the system performance of the PC communication service system as a gateway between PSTN and PSDN.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.409-411
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• 2001

인터넷 사이트의 정보량이 증가함에 따라 사용자에게 필요한 정보를 검색할 수 있는 도구를제공해야 할 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 아직까지는 대부분의 사이트에서 키워드에 기반한 단순한 검색기법을 주로 사용하는데, 이 방식은 사용자의 의도를 제대로 표현하기 어렵기 때문에 검색결과가 지나치게 많거나 의도하지 않은 결과를 얻기 쉽고, 사용자가 자연스럽게 정보를 검색할 수 없는 문제가 있다. 이 논문에서는 자연어를 통하여 사용자에게 보다 정확하고 친절하게 적절한 정보를 제공해주는 대화형 에이전트를 제안한다. 이 시스템은 기존의 자연어처리 기법의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 질의-답변간의 융통성 있는 패턴매칭 기법을 사용하며, 효과적인 매칭을 위하여 포섭구조에 기반한 질의분류를 선행하는 구조적 패턴매칭 방식 사용한다. 간단한 웹 페이지를 소개하는 문제에 적용한 결과, 그 가능성 및 개선점을 파악할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.415-417
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• 2001

인터넷의 성장에 따라, 많은 웹사이트가 생기고, 더 많은 정보들이 웹사이트에 등록되었다. 웹사이트에서 등록되는 정보가 많을수록, 사용자가 원하는 정보를 얻기가 쉽지 않다. 따라서, 사용자가 찾는 정보를 쉽게 찾을 수 있도록, 웹사이트 내에 전문(full-text) 검색엔진을 도입하기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 사용자가 자연어를 이용한 대화를 통해 웹사이트 내의 정보를 습득할 수 있도록 하는 대화형 도우미 에이전트를 위하여 한글 전처리 방법과 근사패턴매칭기법을 제안한다. 사용자가 문장을 입력하면, 동의어처리와 형태소 분석을 통해 사용자의 문장을 분석하고, 이미 작성되어 있는 지식과의 매칭을 통해 사용자에게 알맞은 대답을 제시한다. 지식은 XML 형식으로 저장되며, 사용자가 입력한 문장과 아주 똑같지 않더라도, 어느 정도의 유사도를 가지고 대답을 이끌어 낼수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.24-26
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• 2000

인터넷이 급속도로 성장함에 따라 웹사이트의 숫자도 늘어나고, 많은 정보들이 등록되었다. 웹사이트들은 사용자의 정보획득을 위해 다양한 하이퍼링크를 제공하고, 전문(full-text) 검색엔진을 도입하기도 하나, 웹사이트에 등록되는 정보의 양이 많아지면서 전문검색엔진의 유용성이 점점 줄어들고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 사용자가 좀 더 친근하고 빠른 방법으로 웹사이트에 있는 정보를 습득할 수 있도록 하는 대화형 도우미에이전트를 제안한다. 즉, 사용자가 일상적으로 사용하는 자연어로 된 문장을 웹사이트 내의 도우미 에이전트와 주고받음으로써, 사용자가 원하는 정보를 얻을 수 있도록 한다. 도우미에이전트의 지식을 패턴-답변형태로 저장하고, 순차적 패턴매칭 기법을 이용하여 사용자가 원하는 대화를 이끌어낸다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.517-522
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• 2019

In many businesses, chatbots enhance the user experience by providing the most immediate and direct feedback to user questions. The area of use of chatbots is growing. In this study, the three types of chatbot definition, command method, function, and platform are classified according to their distinct factors. In the process, the functional delimiter element is necessary for the Chatbot UX, which is a key technical element of the functional part of pattern recognition, natural language processing, semantic web, text mining, and context-aware computing. However, the limitations at this stage were also known. Based on this, we analyzed the chatbot's UX elements for Facebook, Skype, Telegram, and Google Assistant for a better user experience. Basic UI elements such as cards, quick response, command, and application of persistent menus are needed as user experience elements.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.303-345
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• 2019

This article analyzes the multi-layered communication in the Webtoon Princess Pari, released on the Daum portal site, created (written and illustrated) by Kim Naim, through analyzing the narrative structure and comments with the qualitative / quantitative methodology. The webtoon Princess Pari is structured in an omnibus style in which unit narratives are intermittently articulated, multi-lined, and interconnected. As integrated narratives which link with unitary narratives, Pari's growth story as a shaman and a romance narrative are structured. The classical original story of the shaman was used as a prehistory corresponding to the prequel of the webtoon through a preview, and the writer restructured the narrative to overcome the contradictions of the gender asymmetry and the patriarchal ideology of the original text. The viewer then creates a conversational space by giving critical and reflective comments. According to a statistical analysis conducted through sampling, the types of comments can be classified as follows: Appreciation and criticism of the contents ≫ Emotional response ≫ Intuitive overall review ≫ Knowledge and reflection ≫ Comments on comments. In the process of creation and acceptance of the Webtoon, a multi-layered dialogue between classical and modern, content and audience, acceptance and creation has been at play. In the creation dimension, the writer used a device to fill the gap of mythical symbols of the contents. At the level of the audience, they formed a culture of sharing information, knowledge, and reflection about tradition/folk/culture through comments. This corresponds to classical and modern dialogue through the webtoon. The viewers form a sympathetic bond, attempt hermeneutical coordination, supplement the information, and search for a balanced angle through controversial conversation. In addition, by commenting on attitudes, views, and perspective, the commentators showed a behavioral pattern corresponding to meta-criticism in literature. The viewers' comments acted as feedback on the creation of the webtoons, so that the creation and acceptance itself influenced the production of the content of the webtoon. The webtoon Princess Pari, which was based on Korean classical narrative, has been reorganized onto 'moving and dynamic' content, which leads to sense, thinking, criticism and reflection through the formation of various dialogues.