• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.23-35
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• 2003

An analytical diffusion model for flood routing with backwater effects and lateral flows is developed. The basic diffusion equation is linearized about an average depth of (H + h), and is solved using the boundary conditons which take into account the effects of backwater and lateral flows. Scouring phenomenon around pier which affects on the support function of pier and the stabilization if river bed is a complex problem depending on flow properties and river bed state as well as pier geometry. therefore, there is no uniting theory at present which would enable the designer to estimate, with confidence, the depth of scour at bridge piers. The various methods used in erosion control are collectively called upstream engineering, HEC-RAS Model, underwater blasting. They consist of reforestation, check-dam construction, planting of burned-over areas, contour plowing and regulation of crop and grazing practices. Also included are measures for proper treatment of high embankments and cuts and stabilization of streambanks by planting or by revetment construction. One phase of reforestation that may be applied near a reservoir is planting of vegetation screens. Such screens, planted on the flats adjacent to the normal stream channel at the head of a reservoir, reduce the velocity of silt-laden storm inflows that inundate these areas. This stilling action causes extensive deposition to occur before the silt reaches the main cavity of the reservoir.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.207-254
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• 2018

The major court rulings delivered in 2017 include the ruling that separated the legal character of denture production agreement signed together with medical care agreement and found a subcontracting dimension in the former, and the ruling that overcame the limitations of the theory of entire appearance of a fetus as discussed in civil law by using the legal principle of insurance which suggests that unborn child insurance takes effect after the contract is signed and the first installment of the premium is paid in. As more court rulings find the medical specialists responsible for accidents and injuries from drugs, some argue that medication counseling by the druggist who makes and dispenses drugs should be upgraded. And with respect to a court ruling that denied the hospital's responsibility for an infection-involving accident even if there were no records on specific measures taken in infection management, some criticized the court for being too conservative in recognizing responsibilities. And with respect to infectious disease management, some criticized the court for its interpretation and application of the facts in the direction of denying the negligence. In addition, some claimed that it is necessary to establish institutional system for hospital infection control and its aid for victims, and to improve the system including the reversal of the burden of proof given the special nature of hospital infections. A number of rulings on the duty to disclose included the one which stated that the specific matter did not require a doctor's explanation as it was explained or the specific medical service would have been performed even if no explanation had been given. There was a greatly controversial ruling over the scope of indemnification, which accepted the occurrence of multiple scars and deformation as disorders while regarding breast as a thoracic organ. And a Supreme Court ruling over interpreting Medical Service Act was criticized as overstepping the boundary allowed in the law.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.7 s.78
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• pp.99-106
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• 2004

This paper presents some comparisons between Cournot-Nash and Stackelberg game in bi-level program, composed of both upper level program and lower level one. The upper level can be formulated to optimize a specific objective function, while the lower formulated to express travelers' behavior patterns corresponding to the design parameter of upper level problem. This kind of hi-level program is to determine a design parameter, which leads the road network to an optimal state. Bi-level program includes traffic signal control, traffic information provision, congestion charge and new transportation mode introduction as well as road expansion. From the view point of game theory, many existing algorithms for bi-level program such as IOA (Iterative Optimization Assignment) or IEA (Iterative Estimation Assignment) belong to Cournot-Nash game. But sensitivity-based algorithms belongs to Stackelberg one because they consider the reaction of the lower level program. These two game models would be compared by using an example network and show some results that there is no superiority between the models in deterministic case, but in stochastic case Stackelberg approach is better than that of Cournot-Nash one as we expect.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.17-27
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the decreasing effects of Korean garlic against the accumulation of mercury levels in maternal and fetal organs in pregnant Fischer 344 rats, based on the theory and information that neutral amino acids have protective effects against mercury poisoning and garlic contains a large of neutral amino acids. The results obtained are as follows: 1. On the 20th day of gestation, the maternal body weight in 20 mg/wt$\cdot$kg methyl mercuric chloride groups was 76.1% of those in control group, but those recovered to be 81.2% and 93.6% by treating with garlic (0.5 g/wt$\cdot$kg and 1.0 g/wt$\cdot$kg). 2. The mercury levels in maternal organs were reduced 6.2% and 47.2% (p<0.05) in kidney, 8.2% and 42.1% (p<0.05) in spleen, 9.7% and 40.9% (p<0.05) in blood, 35.6% (p<0.05) and 67.2% (p<0.05) in liver, 38.0% (p<0.05) and 57.6% (p<0.05) in brain, by treating with garlic (0.5 g/wt$\cdot$kg and 1.0 g/wt$\cdot$kg). 3. The mercury levels were reduced 22.4% and 44.3% (p<0.05) in placenta, and 34.7% (p<0.05) and 54.9% (p<0.05) in fetal body, by treating with garlic (0.5 g/wt$\cdot$kg and 1.0 g/wt$\cdot$kg). 4. The mercury levels in fetal organs were reduced 17.5% and 46.7% (p<0.05) in kidney, 15.1% and 37.0% (p<0.05) in brain, 30.2% (p<0.05) and 46.7% (p<0.05) in liver, by treating with garlic (0.5 g/wt$\cdot$kg and 1.0 g/wt$\cdot$kg). 5. Mercury levels in maternal kidney were 6.73~7.71 times higher than those in fetal kidney, but those in fetal liver and brain were 1.67~2.25 times and 1.98~2.93 times higher than those in maternal liver and brain, respectively. In conclusion, Korean garlic decrease the accumulation of mercury levels in maternal and fetal organs in pregnant Fischer 344 rats as increasing the dose.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2009

Objective : Purpose of this study is to study how Sensory Integration (SI) Intervention Program affect body-scheme and praxis ability of children with Developmental Disability (DD). Method : The SI intervention was programmed based on the theory of SI by Jean Ayres. Thirty children with DD underwent the SI program for six weeks. The effect of the SI intervention was evaluated in terms of body-scheme and praxis ability. Assessments used in this study are One-Point Imitation Test (OPIT) and 6 Body Puzzle Test (6BPT) for body-scheme; Praxis Test Sheet (PTS) for linguistic order, oral motor control, sequential praxis and Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) for postural praxis. Data of this study was analyzed by the paired t-test to compare before- and after the SI intervention. Results : Results of this study are (1) in the OPIT, there is significant difference on body-scheme ability (p<0.01); (2) in the PTS, there is significant difference on all three items (p<0.01); and (3) in the SIPT, there is significant difference on sensory integration and praxis function. Conclusions : From the results, it is concluded that sensory integration intervention is effective on body-scheme and praxis functions for children with developmental disability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.256-262
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• 2016

A cyber crime has been evolving, as other crimes have. Beyond physical damages such as financial crimes in the cyber world, it has evolved into psychological forms like cyber-bullying. In today's crimes, measures that consider psychological effects of crimes are highly regarded in that fear of crime is considered as well as visible crimes. Accordingly, cyber bullying, which causes psychological damages, needs to be treated very importantly. Because the characteristics of cyber crime is caused by different circumstances from the real world, measures should be taken in different aspects. Rather than physical damages, which can be found in the conventional crimes, cyber crimes cause psychological damages, so the effect that has on inflicting should be specified. Especially, in the environment that virtual reality is ubiquitous through smart phones, it is very difficult to establish measures by considering all the causes of general cyber crimes. Therefore, this study estimated what affects cyber bullying by focusing on personalized faith factor among social bond theory, which can control cyber crimes. As a result, self-controling faith was verified to have a negative effect on cyber bullying, so faith is a very important factor in personalized environment. Thus, it is suggested that the characteristics of cyber space and education of humanism, which can affect individuals' faith should be emphasized.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

In this paper, it is about to non-contact wireless power transmission according to various conditions of self induction principle between the two planar coils at a transmission unit and a receiving unit based on the theory of wireless power transmission. The experiments are occurred in order to power transfer of noncontact method from designed wireless circuits in the primely coil and secondary coil, and the applying to Half Bridge Resonant converter transmission unit and receiving unit. and that were able to prepared circumstance to calculate of the output voltage and power source. The main power of the inductive coupling the resonant converter at the transmission unit is converted electrical energy using the solar cell module and artificial light source (halogen lamp) as a replace light and received 24 V power supply from solar power was used a input power source for the wireless power transmission device. Experimental results, to received of power is used to illuminate the lighting and to charge the battery in receiving circuit.And the wireless power transmission efficiency measured at the output side of the transmission unit is obtained about 70% to 89% compared to input power of receiving unit.In addition, efficiency were tested through ID verification method and comparing the phase difference between the voltage when foreign substances interfere with wireless power transmission.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.3
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• pp.23-46
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• 1990

I. Introduction: In management control, business analysis has to do with a performance evaluation and is accounted much of manager's decision making, Business indicator accounting is the vehicle of decision making and also feedback can be accomplished by it. This study is to build up a logic about what capacity for use the business indicator accounting has in making decision. Therefore it is significant to make clear the adjustment of decision and to study the function of business indicator. II. Adjustment of Decision and Accounting Work: Adjustment of decision is connected with accounting now that business indicator accounting has a function of decision making. And it should be tied up with specialization as a structure of system, organization, communication and stage system. III. Adjustment of Decision and Managerial Accounting: Managerial account makes a great contributin to the management in which each adjustment of decision should be accomplished. Let me make mention of how the adjustment of decision is accomplished concretely, and what contribution che managerial accounting makes. In an adjustment of decision, centralization and decentrialization of enterprise are very import and I think the three problems, such as the extent of sphere (procurement, production and maketing), the face of affairs (planning, implementing and controlling), the final surge (decision making and action) can be accomplished by the business indicator accounting. IV. Structure of System and Disciplinary Approach for Decision: Decision can be classified into syncronized decision and continuous decision, and is closely connected with centralization and decentralization. In the course of systematizing, the sort of decision is classified into a man in charge of decision, and object of decision, conditions of decision, and an adjusting of decision. For it's object, it has an analogical thinking and an analytic subdivision about the target area. And it is premised on getting a scientific understanding. I think a disciplinary approach remains in solving these intricate problems. V. Conclusion: In this study I dealt with a specialization as a structure in management system and a theory that adjustment is a necessary process in decision making. For an adjustment of decision, exchanging informations and communication are necessary, and accounting is in charge of the process. And then the centralization and decentralization of decision should be connected in the way of adjustment of decision. In case of decentralization, the adjustment of decision is accomplished by the exchanging informations through feedback, and in case of centralization, by the all-round planning. And also I found that syncronized decision and decentralized decision are linked together. It is natural that the function of business indicator accounting is called for to render more services for it. Therefore, according to the extent of centralization and decentralization accounting to adjust the decision, can be various. Consequently, in relation to the structure of system. I think it is necessary to make a theoretical and empirical study of the business indicator accounting.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.855-869
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of self-management relaxation training through biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation methods. The effectiveness of the experimental methods was tested by measuring the degree of symptoms of stress (SOS), the McNair's profile of Mood States (POMS), the levels of ephinephrine, norepinephrine, pulse rate, blood pressure and natural killer cells. The subjects of this study were sixty six nursing students divided into four groups : two groups were the biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation groups, the other two groups served as control groups. One was a group of sophomores with no experience at all, the other a junior group without self -management or relaxation training. This study was conducted for eight weeks of clinical practice from April, 26th 1998 to June, 20th 1998. Biofeedback training was done with software developed by J&J company (1-410 form for abdominal respiration training). Progressive muscle relaxation training was done with u audiotape recorded according to Jacobson's Theory. The data were analyzed with frequencies, means, and analysis of covariance using the SPSS program and the significance level of statistics was 5%. The results of the study are : 1) The importance of clinical practice stress reduction is shown in that the level of symptoms of stress in the experimental groups in clinical practice was higher than in the group receiving only a lecture. 2) The relaxation training methods of biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation were effective in reducing the symptoms of stress under the clinical practice stress conditions. 3) The effectiveness of the biofeedback training relaxation method to reduce symptoms of stress was higher than that of progressive muscle relaxation. 4) The relaxation training methods of biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation were effective in reducing stressful mood states. 5) The relaxation training methods of biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation were not effective in reducing epinephrine and norepinephrine levels. 6) The relaxation training methods of biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation were effective in increaing the number of natural killer cells. 7) The relaxation training methods of biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation were effective in decreasing high systolic and diastolic values of blood pressure and high pulse rates. In summary, the relaxation methods of biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation in reducing clinical practice stress were effective in lowering the level of symptoms of stress and the profile of stressful mood states. They were also effective in lowering high blood pressure and pulse rates. The relaxation methods were effective in increasing the number of natural killer cells as part of the immune function. However, relaxation methods were not effective in reducing the catecholamine level. The biofeedback training method for reduction of symptoms of stress was more effective than the progressive muscle relaxation method.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.7
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• pp.161-197
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• 1994

I hereby have gained the following results by investigation and classification according to the contents of Masterial theses of 1015 volumes and Doctorial theses of 288 volumes, which have collected at their central libriaries, of theses which have published, until 1991, at Oriental Medical College of Kyunghee Univ., Kyungsan Univ., Dongguk Univ. and Taejon Univ. 1. The laboratory theses are more plentiful in number than those of literatural or clinical ones, especially more outstanding trends in the case of doctors. 2. In clinical theses, clinical obserbation was high frequnt in master and accupunture in doctor. 3. In laboratory theses, the usage of pharmacy was more frequnt than that of accupuntures or moxibutions. 4. In laboratory theses, it was more plentiful the case of being taken ill before experiment. 5. In experimental method, the drugs were more used complexed or complexed extract, in the case of accupunture, the methods were more adopted by general accup. and aqureaccupunture. 6. In laboritory theses, theses was abundant of no description of normal, control and laboratory groop. 7. It was the great number wi thin a day in the laboratory terms, the rats were most adopted as the objects of lab., in the number of lab method, doctor's was more plentiful than master's. 8. In literatural theses, there was expressed high frequnt trends of study of china, in era, Chosun dynasty in korea and Jin-Han in china. 9. The theory and books were mainly adopted as objects of theses study in the field of literature. 10. In another theses, there was many investigation of contents and drug and sign of illness were main object of study. 11. Laboratory theses had totally more reference and quotation than those of other theses. According to the above results, the number of laboratory theses are superior than clincal and literature theses, other study or statistical theses. But unfortunately they were not enough the transmission of meaning of theses and contribution of learning, beacuse how to do theses was not uni form and description was not evident. So afterward I think it is needed more careful attention and study in the method of theses works.