• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.6B
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• pp.930-939
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• 2010

Recently, many researches for making more comfortable input device based on gaze detection have been vigorously performed in human computer interaction. However, these previous researches are difficult to be used in IPTV environment because these methods need additional wearing devices or do not work at a distance. To overcome these problems, we propose a new way of controlling IPTV interface by using a detected face and eye positions in single static camera. And although face or eyes are not detected successfully by using Adaboost algorithm, we can control IPTV interface by using motion vectors calculated by pyramidal KLT (Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi) feature tracker. These are two novelties of our research compared to previous works. This research has following advantages. Different from previous research, the proposed method can be used at a distance about 2m. Since the proposed method does not require a user to wear additional equipments, there is no limitation of face movement and it has high convenience. Experimental results showed that the proposed method could be operated at real-time speed of 15 frames per second. Wd confirmed that the previous input device could be sufficiently replaced by the proposed method.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.168-175
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose FPGA design technique for rotating LED display device which is capable of displaying videos with the use of the afterimage effect. The proposed technique is made up of image data correction process based on inverse gamma correction and error diffusion, block interleaving process, and data serial output process. The data correction process based on inverse gamma correction and error diffusion is an image data correction step in which image data received are corrected by inverse gamma correction process to convert the data into linear brightness characteristics, and by error diffusion process to reduce the brightness reduction phenomenon in low-gray-level which is caused by inverse gamma correction. In the block interleaving process, the data of the frames entered transversely are first saved in accordance with entrance order, and then only the longitudinal image data are read. The data serial output process is applied to convert the parallel data in a rotating location into serial data and send them to LED Driver IC, in order to send data which will be displayed on high-speedy rotating LED Bar. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed FPGA design technique, this paper used XC6SLX45-FG484, a Spartan 6 family of Xilinx, as FPGA, and ISE 14.5 as a design tool. According to the evaluation analysis, it was found that goal values were consistent with simulation values in terms of accurate operation of inverse gamma and error diffusion correction, block interleaving operation, and serialized operation of image data.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1206-1218
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• 1992

Token ring systems which control to switch the data stream of networks by passing the token have been widely used to medium access controls in many ring or bus topology LANs. The system could be modeled for analysis as single-server-multi-queue system of the cyclic service method. These concepts could be expanded to multi-token ring systems interconnected with single ring consisting of bridges implemented simply to be stored and transmitted. In the proposal for the performance analysis of the interconnected token ring system, in has been assumed M/G/1 queueing model that frame arrivals are the Poisson process at each station queue and frame sizes are independently and identically distributed. And the average time delays were analyzed mathematically for arbitrary frame transferred from source station to destination area. The time delay of the frame transmission could be explained as the sum of the average time which the token passed from arbitrary position to source station, such as the waiting time in the source station transferring the previous arrival frames, and the propagation time from source station to interdestinated point. These delays were given as the sum of the duration from inner and outer bridge queues, the time delays from inner and outer bridge queues, and the time from outer bridge queue to destination station. These results were investigated by varing parameters effected to total time delays. In the results, those factors to be effected to dominant the total time delays were increased were in the cases of the high arrival rates and the high ration of destination of the other outerring. The system were shown the time delays increased exponentially in spite of the priority service policy. In order to decreasing the number of outerrings and increasing the number of nodes in backbone relatively, so the systems could be decreased the total delay in the interconnected token ring system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.39-48
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze air temperature decreasing effects by shading and ventilation at micro-scale experiment plots, especially focused on the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) in outdoor spaces. To monitor the time-serial changes of Dry-bulb Temperature (DT), Globe Temperature (GT) and Relative Humidity (RH) in the wind blocking and shading conditions, Two hexahedral steel frames were established on the open grass field, the dimension of each frame was 1.5m(W)${\times}$1.5m(L)${\times}$1.5m(H). Four vertical side of one frame was covered by transparent polyethylene film to prevent wind passing through (Wind break plot; WP). The top side of the other frame was covered with shading curtain which intercept 95% of solar light and energy (Shading plot; SP). And, Another vertical steel frame without any treatment preventing ventilation and sunlight was set up, which represents natural conditions (Control plot; CP). The major findings were as follows; 1. The average globe temperature (GT) was highest at WP showing $50.94^{\circ}C$ and lowest at SP showing $34.58^{\circ}C$. The GT of natural condition (SP) was $42.31^{\circ}C$ locating the midst between WP and SP. The difference of GT of each plot was about $8-16^{\circ}C$, which means the ventilation and shading has significant effect on decreasing the temperature. 2. WP showed the highest average dry-bulb temperature (DT) of $38.41^{\circ}C$ which apparently differ from SP and CP showing $31.94^{\circ}C$ and $33.15^{\circ}C$ respectively. The DT of SP and CP were nearly the same. 3. The average relative humidity (RH) was lowest at WP showing 15.21%, but SP and CP had similar RH 28.79%, 28.02% respectively. 4. The average of calculated WBGT were the highest at the WP ($27.61^{\circ}C$) and the lowest at the SP ($23.64^{\circ}C$). The CP ($25.49^{\circ}C$) was in the middle of the others. As summery, compared with natural condition (CP), the wind blocking increased about $2.11^{\circ}C$ WBGT, but the shading decreased about $1.84^{\circ}C$ WBGT. So It can be apparently said that the open space with much shading trees, sheltering furnitures and well-delivered wind corridor can reduce useless and even harmful energy for human outdoor activity considerably in outdoor spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.561-571
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• 2020

Seven techniques widely used in the geodetic transformations have been reviewed and compared to figure out their theoretical characteristics. A series of numerical tests were performed about four data sets. This was followed by result analyses in terms of transformation residuals and accuracies together with some hypothesis testings based on the student-t distribution to confirm the statistical significance of the techniques. In the case of the transformation between the geodetic frames implemented in the same system, no statistical significance was revealed in the results of the 3D transformation techniques, even if the testing area becomes large as the Asia-Oceania continent. Among the 2D transformations, it was possible for the NTv2 grid modeling technique to deliver improved transformation accuracy. Finally, it was possible from the results analyzed in this study to propose the Helmert transformation to geodetic control points and the NTv2 technique to the 2D spatial data transformation of the geodetic systems.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate crop growth responses under various rain shelters which were devised to improve the indoor environment in summer season. For developing the proper type of rain shelter, the improved rain shelters with the roof of saw - tooth type(saw-tooth type) and 3 span-arch type(improved arch type) were compared with the conventional one with the roof of single arch type(conventional arch type) and no rain shelter (open field ). The results were summarized as follows ; 1. The air temperature in the improved arch type was 4$^{\circ}C$ and 1$^{\circ}C$ lower than those in the conventional arch type and the saw - tooth type, respectively. 2. The air temperature drop by the evaporative cooling + improved drainage was 1.3$^{\circ}C$ which was 0.9$^{\circ}C$lower than that by the improved drainage only. 3. The effect of labour saving in the saw-tooth type was superior to any other type because its frames were used as props and the labour for ventilation was not needed. 4. The highest marketable yield of tomato was 4,897kg/10a in the improved arch type and the total leaf areas which related to photosynthesis was the largest in the saw - tooth type. 5. The improved arch type was proved to be proper to raise yield potential. The effect of the underground environment treatment on the quality and quantity of vegetable showed to be outstanding in the saw- tooth type with the evaporative cooling + improved drainage, and in the improved and conventional arch type with the trickle improved drainage. 6. In conclusion, the saw - tooth type and the improved arch type were proved to be labour saving rain shelters and the indoor environments in both types were better than that in the conventional arch type.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.194-201
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• 1995

In order to make clear the resistance of bag nets, the resistance R of bag nets with wall area S designed in pyramid shape was measured in a circulating water tank with control of flow velocity v and the coefficient k in $R=kSv^2$ was investigated. The coefficient k showed no change In the nets designed in regular pyramid shape when their mouths were attached alternately to the circular and square frames, because their shape in water became a circular cone in the circular frame and equal to the cone with the exception of the vicinity of frame in the square one. On the other hand, a net designed in right pyramid shape and then attached to a rectangular frame showed an elliptic cone with the exception of the vicinity of frame in water, but produced no significant difference in value of k in comparison with that making a circular cone in water. In the nets making a circular cone in water, k was higher in nets with larger d/l, ratio of diameter d to length I of bars, and decreased as the ratio S/S_m$ of S to the area $S_m$ of net mouth was increased or as the attack angle 9 of net to the water flow was decreased. But the value of ks15m was almost constant in the region of S/S_m=1-4$ or $\theta=15-90^{\circ}$ and in creased linearly in S/S_m>4 or in $\theta<15^{\circ}$ However, these variation of k could be summarized by the equation obtained in the previous paper. That is, the coefficient $k(kg\;\cdot\;sec^2/m^4)$ of bag nets was expressed as $$k=160R_e\;^{-01}(\frac{S_n}{S_m})^{1.2}\;(\frac{S_m}{S})^{1.6}$$ for the condition of $R_e<100$ and $$k=100(\frac{S_n}{S_m})^{1.2}\;(\frac{S_m}{S})^{1.6}$$ for $R_e\geq100$, where $S_n$ is their total area projected to the plane perpendicular to the water flow and $R_e$ the Reynolds' number on which the representative size was taken by the value of $\lambda$ defined as $$\lambda={\frac{\pi d^2}{21\;sin\;2\varphi}$$ where If is the angle between two adjacent bars, d the diameter of bars, and 21 the mesh size. Conclusively, it is clarified that the coefficient k obtained in the previous paper agrees with the experimental results for bag nets.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.5 s.21
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• pp.183-192
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• 2004

Even in Korea the number of steel structure buildings that allow internal space and easy change of their layouts in accordance with the purpose of buildings and box-type steel bridges constructed with thick plates with thickness in a rage just from a few $\beta$AE to \$100\beta$AE is increasing these days and therefore, domestic fabrication and processing technology of members for steel structures is being improved at a pace faster than in the past to meet the growing requirements of consumers for high reliability on quality control on the related steel structures. However, most domestic fabricators os steel structures who are turning out their steel products in accordance with the designs prepared by engineering companies in their respective works for the sake of cost cut more than anything else, hesitating to introduce any advanced new technology into themselves. In the case of the steel structure design application for small and mid-size buildings in particular, it is quite meaningful not only for those who are involved in steel structure business, but also for the people working at construction work fields to review the result of the study on the connections of steel structure members deigned to obtain superb quality of steel structures within short period for steel fabrication and erection at fields in economical ways, as there is a glowing tendency seeking standardization of connection of steel structure members as well as whole structure together with the development on design of construction system of buildings including their exterior and interior decoration materials, manufacture of the related members and fabrication technique structure. This paper has been prepared with the aim to review the peculiar characteristics of buildings constructed with the main frames of steel structures and actual cases of the change made ing the connections between steel structure columns and between columns and girder members in order to reduce the work period necessary for fabrication and erection of steel structures at the maximum as well as the some examples of steel structures fabricated through automatic welding by robots for box-type columns in addition to the description of the problems found in the course of fabricating those steel structures, suggesting possible counter-measures to solve them.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.503-514
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• 2011

In this research, the seismic connection details for two concrete-filled U-shape steel beam-to-H columns were proposed and cyclically tested under a full-scale cruciform configuration. The key connecting components included the U-shape steel section (450 and 550 mm deep for specimens A and B, respectively), a concrete floor slab with a ribbed deck (165 mm deep for both specimens), welded couplers and rebars for negative moment transfer, and shear studs for full composite action and strengthening plates. Considering the unique constructional nature of the proposed connection, the critical limit states, such as the weld fracture, anchorage failure of the welded coupler, local buckling, concrete crushing, and rebar buckling, were carefully addressed in the specimen design. The test results showed that the connection details and design methods proposed in this study can well control the critical limit states mentioned above. Especially, the proposed connection according to the strengthening strategy successfully pushed the plastic hinge to the tip of the strengthened zone, as intended in the design, and was very effective in protecting the more vulnerable beam-to-column welded joint. The maximum story drift capacities of 6.0 and 6.8% radians were achieved in specimens A and B, respectively, thus far exceeding the minimumlimit of 4% radians required of special moment frames. Low-cycle fatigue fracture across the beam bottom flange at a 6% drift level was the final failure mode of specimen A. Specimen B failed through the fracture of the top splice plate of the bolted splice at a very high drift ratio of 8.0% radian.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.403-417
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• 2023

In this research, a methodology was developed for constructing an appropriate rainfall image database for estimating rainfall intensity based on CCTV video. The database was constructed in the Large-Scale Climate Environment Chamber of the Korea Conformity Laboratories, which can control variables with high irregularity and variability in real environments. 1,728 scenarios were designed under five different experimental conditions. 36 scenarios and a total of 97,200 frames were selected. Rain streaks were extracted using the k-nearest neighbor algorithm by calculating the difference between each image and the background. To prevent overfitting, data with pixel values greater than set threshold, compared to the average pixel value for each image, were selected. The area with maximum pixel variability was determined by shifting with every 10 pixels and set as a representative area (180×180) for the original image. After re-transforming to 120×120 size as an input data for convolutional neural networks model, image augmentation was progressed under unified shooting conditions. 92% of the data showed within the 10% absolute range of PBIAS. It is clear that the final results in this study have the potential to enhance the accuracy and efficacy of existing real-world CCTV systems with transfer learning.