• CELLMED
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.6.1-6.4
• /
• 2019

Background: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for stroke, heart attack, heart failure and kidney failure, thereby causing deaths and disability world-wide. The most predominant type of HTN is essential hypertension (HTN). Unani scholars have mentioned about the clinical manifestations and management of the hypertension and documented it in the context of 'Imtila'. The drug Sankhaholi (Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.) is one of the widely prescribed medicines for the management of essential hypertension in Unani medicine. Material and Methods: The present clinical study was carried out to evaluate the safety of Sankhaholi (Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.) in the management of stage-1 essential hypertension. Newly diagnosed 41 patients of Essential Hypertension (22 patients were in the test group and 19 patients in the control group) were enrolled for the study. All the patients in the test group were given with the test drug 3 g powder of Sankhaholi twice a day for 6 weeks orally. Patients in the control group were given standard drug Ramipril 5 mg once a day for the same duration. Clinical as well as hematological parameters were recorded before and after the treatment. Results: No significant changes are recorded in safety parameters viz. CBC, Haemogram, LFT and KFT. Clinically no adverse effect of the drug has been reported during the course of treatment. Also, significant effect on the systolic blood pressure (p<0.001) were recorded in test group. The drug Sankhaholi was also found effective on the symptoms associated with hypertension. Conclusion: The finding of the study revealed that the test drug Sankhaholi (Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.) is safe and has substantial efficacy as an antihypertensive drug.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.3-6
• /
• 2001

Inflammation is an outcome or an end effect of disruption of complex immunological balance. A variety of approaches to control immunological unbalance have been tried, and some of them are in practice in the clinic. Since inflammatory disorders are reflection of very complex immunological responses, it should be difficult to have such disorders under complete control. Thus, most of the drugs, being marketed and under development, possess some degrees of undesired side offsets originating from disruption of immunological balance. Steroids are excellent drugs suppressing inflammation in short term, however, long-term use of steroids would incur a serious side effect of "rebound". Another example is TNF-${\alpha}$-neutralizing agents, such as enbrel and infliximab. TNF-${\alpha}$ has been known to play a key role in the exacerbation of inflammation, and knock-out of TNF-${\alpha}$ is regarded essential to control of chronic inflammation. The TNF-${\alpha}$-neutralizing drugs in the market are regarded very efficient in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Upon long term use, however, those drugs cause sepsis to a certain proportion of patients. It is ironical that a high plasma level of TNF-${\alpha}$ is known to be responsible for sepsis, and that the drugs scavenging TNF-${\alpha}$ cause sepsis. The above two examples illustrate well the difficulty of discovering an anti-inflammatory drug without unwanted immunological side effects. An anti-inflammatory drug would make a case in the market, as long as the drug has huge therapeutic benefits compared to its expected but unwanted immunological side effects, where cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors are positioning. In this presentation, will be discussed general aspects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition in conjunction with 3(2Η)furanone derivatives, a novel class of COX-2 inhibitors.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.40 no.spc
• /
• pp.45-61
• /
• 2010

Polymeric based nanomedicines have been developed for diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases in human body. The nanosized drug delivery systems having various structures such as micelles, nanogels, drug-conjugates, and polyplex were investigated for a great goal in pharmaceutics: increasing therapeutic efficacy for diseases and decreasing drug toxicity for normal tissues. The functional polymers used for constituting these drug delivery systems should have several favorable properties such as stimuli-responsibility and biodegrdability for controlled drug release, and solublization capacity for programmed drug encapsulation. This review discusses recent developments and trends of functional polymers (e.g., pH-sensitive polymers, biodegradable polymers, and cationic polymers) used for nanosized drug carriers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.4113-4113
• /
• 2001

This study developed effective assay method of pharmaceutical quality control was developed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The calibration equation model of assay was developed by 2nd deriviative PLS(Partial Least Squares) regression method with NIRS over the wavelength range from 1100 to 1400nm using diazepam tablets (2mg, 5mg). Although diazepam tablets are made by 5-different manufacture, they have similar formulation. When the correlation was compared with values by NIRS and HPLC, the R-2s and standard error of calibration (SEC) for 2mg were 0.9300 and 0.98%, the R-2s and SEC for 5mg were 0.9165 and 0.63%. The validation of the calibration equation model yield that the R-2s and standard error of prediction (SEP) for 2mg were 0.9611 and 0.995%, the R-2s and SEP for 5mg were 0.9114 and 0.842%. The method was validated on assay method for diazepam tablets by the calibration equation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.239-243
• /
• 2006

Due to the development of new dosage forms and the improvement or pharmaceutics, the pharmaceutical excipients have become more specified and diverse, and the reclassification on them became necessary. Also with the increasing interests on the kinds and usage amount, related provisions, and evaluation of the pharmaceutical excipients, the systemic and effective control of them was in its demand. Therefore, in this research, we provided the following information on excipients: the type, amount and specification. In order to provide the information, we investigated, analysed and summarized the excipients that are approved by KFDA and published $\ulcorner$Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients$\lrcorner$). This handbook is expected to be used as a reference in the development of the pharmaceutics and evaluation in them. As the importance of excipients in pharmaceutics are increasing, IPEC which consist of IPEC-America, IPEC-Europe and JPEC, PDG and ICH have tried to make an international harmonization on excipient. This current status was not an exception to Korea, therefore, the result of this research is expected to make a progress in the evaluation on the excipients to an advanced level.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.269-274
• /
• 2000

Epoxidised soya bean oil (ESBO, 1000, 2000 or 4000 mg/kg) was orally administered to BALB/c mice daily for 28 consecutive days, and the control mice were exposed to vehicle (corn oil). Mice were immunized and challenged with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or bovine serum albumin (BSA). In groups exposed to ESBO, the body weight gains and the relative lymphoid organ weights were not significantly changed as compared with control group. Secondary IgG antibody response to BSA was not significantly changed by ESBO, but plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to SRBC was significantly suppressed in mice treated with 4000 mg ESBO/kg/day. The mitogenic response of splenic B cells induced by LPS was not effected by ESBO in any of the groups. These results indicate that ESBO did not induce significant humoral immune response at a dose less than 2000 mg/kg/day in mice.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.379-385
• /
• 2007

This study was aimed to investigate the estrogenic activity of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) using immatured type uterotrophic assay. SD rats were treated with DEHA (40, 200, 1000mg/kg/day), estradiol-3-benzoate (EB) $(1{\mu}g/kg/day)$ as positive control on the assay. In immatured-type uterotrophic assay, relative organ weights of kidney and reproductive organs such as ovary at high-dose group were significantly increased compared to those of vehicle control group. DEHA did not influence the levels of serum FSH and LH, and uterine morphological changes such as luminal epithelial height, myometrial thickness and numbers of uterine gland, and BrdU indices. In these results, there was no significant variation by DEHA treatment, suggesting that DEHA appears not to be a endocrine disrupter with estrogenic activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.234-238
• /
• 2012

Propofol is an anesthetic commonly used to provide sedation or to induce and maintain an anesthetic stated. However, there are reports which indicate propofol may cause psychological dependence or be abused. In the present study, we used various behavioral tests including climbing test, jumping test, conditioned place preference, and self-administration test to assess the dependence potential and abuse liability of propofol compared to a positive control (methamphetamine) or a negative control (saline or intralipid). Among the tests, the conditioned place preference test was conducted with a biased method, and the selfadministration test was performed under a fixed ratio (FR) 1 schedule, 1 h per session. No difference was found in the climbing test and jumping test, but propofol (30 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the rewarding effect in the conditioned place preference test, and it showed a positive reinforcing effect compared to the vehicle. These results indicate that propofol tends to show psychological dependence rather than physical dependence, and it seems not to be related with dopaminergic system.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.132-136
• /
• 2015

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, owing to its ability to provide atomic level information on molecular structure, dynamics and interaction, has become one of the most powerful methods in early drug discovery where hit finding and hit-to-lead generation are mainly pursued. In recent years, drug discovery programs originating from the fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) strategies have been widely incorporated into academia and industry in which a wide variety of NMR methods become an indispensable arsenal to elucidate the binding of small molecules onto bimolecular targets. In this review, I briefly describe FBDD and introduce NMR methods mainly used in FBDD campaigns of my company. In addition, quality control of fragment library and practical NMR methods in industrial aspect are discussed shortly.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2006

As a pervasive healthcare application to help medication of elderly patients, the smart compliance monitors have been recently proposed. In this paper, we present a new smart drug/medicine pack (SDP) for ubiquitous medication monitoring, for which the packaging is either paper packet or blister pack. This ubiquitous compliance monitor is composed of several SDPs and a Bluetooth equipped PDA phone. The SDP is a wireless module that monitors the medication consumption unobtrusively by transmitting the sensed data of 'drug removal' events to the medical center and by reminding patients when they take a dose on their mobile phone. The communication between SDP modules and PDA is realized via Bluetooth. The PDA is basically embedded to indicate the medication record and to alert every prescribed medication time during treatment. Experimental results show that the proposed system works exactly when the SDPs are far within about 2 [m] from PDA.