• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.1104-1114
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• 2007

Digital video compression technique has played an important role that enables efficient transmission and storage of multimedia data where bandwidth and storage space are limited. The new video coding standard, H.264/AVC, developed by Joint Video Team(JVT) significantly outperforms previous standards in compression performance. Especially, variable length code(VLC) plays a crucial pun in video and image compression applications. H.264/AVC standard adopted Context-based Adaptive Variable Length Coding(CAVLC) as the entropy coding method. CAVLC of H.264/AVC requires a large number of the memory accesses. This is a serious problem for applications such as DMB and video phone service because of the considerable amount of power that is consumed in accessing the memory. In order to overcome this problem in this paper, we propose a variable length technique that implements memory-free coeff_token, level, and run_before decoding based on arithmetic operations and using only 70% of the required memory at total_zero variable length decoding.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2010

A forest project for the sequestration of carbon dioxide helps to reduce the concerntration of greenhouse gas in atmosphere and provides various co-benefits. A lot of forestry-based carbon offset programs have been developing for the purpose of CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility), voluntary GHG emission reduction, and regulatory context etc. in worldwide. We studied major characteristics - project type and criteria, additionality, credits, permanence, carbon accounting and monitoring, co-benefit - of advanced forest carbon offset programs. Also, we tried to comprehend the direction and basic elements to design a domestic program.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.65-84
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• 2021

Our understanding of how barriers to access systematically varies with the compositional and contextual characteristics of users is incomplete. Using a public university library in Ghana, this study assessed the heterogeneous barriers or constraints students encounter in accessing electronic resources based on their demographic and contextual attributes. A descriptive survey design was adopted and structured questionnaires were administered randomly to 558 students in the four constituent colleges of the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Data were collected and analysed using SPSS and descriptive statistics were generated. The results revealed that students faced six key challenges in accessing electronic information resources in the library namely delays in download of information, poor internet connectivity, and limited accessibility of university portal, inadequate computers in the library, poor lighting and limited ancillary services (on the spot printing facilities), with differences based on gender, academic level, and college affiliation. Only 24% males and 26% females had no challenges or problems with delays in download of electronic information. About three-fourth of all users had poor internet connectivity and complained about inadequate computers associated with accessing electronic resources. 40% percent of undergraduate students in the Colleges of Education Studies, Agriculture and Natural Sciences, and Humanities and Legal Studies each encountered four to six simultaneous challenges. Irrespective of gender, first year undergraduate students in all the four colleges were the least likely to report multiple challenges. This suggests the need for targeted and context-specific interventions to address the identified challenges.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.155-166
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• 2021

Objectives: Driven by a growth of single-person households and individualized lifestyles, solo dining in restaurants is an increasingly recognizable trend. However, a research gap exists in the comparison of solo and group diners' menu-decision making processes. Based on the self-control dilemma and the temporal construal theory as a theoretical framework, this study compared the ordering intentions of solo vs. group diners with healthy vs. indulgent (less healthy) entrées. The mediating role of consumption orientation and the moderating role of amount of menu nutrition information were further explored to understand the mechanism and a boundary condition. Methods: A scenario-based online survey was developed using a 2 (dining social context: solo vs. with others) × 3 (amount of menu nutrition information: no nutrition information vs. calories vs. calories/fat/sodium), between-subjects, experimental design. Consumers' level of nutrition involvement was controlled. A nationwide survey data (n = 224) were collected from a crowdsourcing platform in the U.S. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance, independent t-test, univariate analysis of covariance, and moderated mediation analyses. Results: Findings reveal that solo (vs. group) diners have less (vs. more) intentions to order indulgent menu items due to a more utilitarian (vs. more hedonic) consumption orientation in restaurant dining. Findings also show that solo (vs. group) diners have more (vs. less) intentions to order healthy menu items when the restaurant menu presented nutrition information including calories, fat, and sodium. Conclusions: The findings contribute to the literature of foodservice management, healthy eating, and consumer behavior by revealing a mechanism and an external stimuli of solo vs. group diners' healthy menu-decision making process in restaurants. Furthermore, the findings provide restauranteurs and health professionals with insights into the positive and negative impacts of menu nutrition labelling on consumers' menu-decisions.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 2021

In this study, the artistic background and formative nature of representative 19th century realist artists Gustave Courbet and Honoré Daumier were analyzed and applied in a fashion context. By displaying representational desires (necessary adhesions of man and society) in their work, they became characteristic matrixes of critical realism and to perceive critical realism. The purpose of the study was to apply the characteristics of critical realism to the contemporary fashion collections of Alexander McQueen. Research was conducted to analyze the characteristics that appear in the field of fashion and to review methods of expression and internal aesthetics displayed through various aspects of fashion design. Characteristics of critical realism were analyzed by researching the formativeness and periodical background of the paintings of Courbet and Daumier. Based on these characteristics, analysis was conducted to identify critical realism in the fashion collections of Alexander McQueen. Data and scope included fashion information sites, internet photo data, and video material. Critical realist characteristics were categorized into five types as follows: 'The proper borrowing of extremely realistic subjects signifies', 'satirical reconstruction and narrative composition', 'antipathetic distortions and abject representations', 'critical reproductions based on technology', and 'the maximization of ambivalent sexuality'. It was concluded that the characteristics of critical realism (recognized by the common formation of Courbet and Daumier) also appeared in Alexander McQueen's fashion collection but were inherited in a form that transcended pictorial expression due to the overall difference in use of visual arts.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.263-288
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• 2022

Purpose Recently, the tours and activities (TAA) market provided by online travel agencies (OTA) has grown rapidly and has become the third-largest in the travel industry. However, compared to its practical proliferation, TAA has not yet received much academic attention. This study aims to discuss the effect of the four domains (e.g., educational, entertainment, escapist, and esthetic experiences) of the experience economy on users' memorable tourism experiences (MTE), satisfaction, and loyalty in the context of TAA. Moreover, the study investigates how this mechanism varies depending on the tour guides' professional competency. Design/methodology/approach This study developed a research model based on the S-O-R framework. Using the survey method, data were collected from consumers who had experienced TAA offered by OTA more than once within one year. A total of 307 respondents (consumers) were used for the final analysis, and developed hypotheses were tested using a structural equation model technique. Findings The results of this study are as follows. First, educational, entertainment, and escapism experiences in the experience economy positively affect MTE. Second, within the experience economy, entertainment and esthetic experiences have a positive effect on satisfaction. Third, MTE positively influences satisfaction, repurchase intention, and recommendation intention. Fourth, satisfaction has a positive impact on repurchase and recommendation intentions. Finally, according to the level of tour guides' professional competency, there is a significant difference in the effect of escapism experience on MTE/satisfaction.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.331-337
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• 2022

Smart learning is augmented with digital, context-aware, and adaptable technologies to encourage students to learn better and faster. To ensure that digital learning is successful and that implementation is efficient, it is critical that the dimensions of digital learning are arranged correctly and that interactions between the various elements are merged in an efficient and optimal manner. This paper builds and discusses a basic framework for smart learning in the digital age, aimed to improve students' abilities and performance in learning. The proposed framework consists of five dimensions: Teacher, Technology, Learner, Digital content, and Evaluation. The Teacher and Learner dimensions operate on two levels: (a) an abstract level to fit in knowledge and skills or interpersonal characteristics and (b) a concrete level in the form of digital devices used by teachers and learners. Moreover, this paper proposes asynchronous online course delivery model. An Arabic smart learning platform has been developed, based on these smart learning core dimensions and the asynchronous online course delivery model, because despite the official status of this language in many countries, there is a lack of Arabic platforms to teach Arabic. Moreover, many non-native Arabic speakers around the world have expressed an interest in learning it. The Arabic digital platform consists of over 70 lessons classified into three competence levels: beginner, intermediate, and advanced, delivered by Arabic experts and Arabic linguists from various Arab countries. The five dimensions are described for the Arabic platform in this paper. Learner dimension is the Arabic and non-Arabic speakers, Teacher dimension is Arabic experts and Arabic linguistics, Technology dimension consists of technology for Arabic platform that includes web design, cloud computing, big data, etc. The digital contents dimension consists of web-based video, records, etc. The evaluation dimension consists of Teachers rating, comments, and surveys.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1363-1370
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• 2023

Globally, the elderly population is increasing, making the primary concern of modern society the healthy aging and welfare and medical facilities for the elderly. However, many seniors experience cognitive decline due to aging, making cognitive activities crucial for them. In this context, a study has developed a cognitive activity support system for the elderly using the metaverse. To achieve this, the characteristics and needs of the elderly were analyzed to design an interface in the metaverse that they can easily use. Additionally, the type and difficulty of cognitive activities were adjusted to engage seniors in a captivating manner. Experimental results showed that the proposed system effectively enhances the cognitive abilities of the elderly. Thus, the personalized metaverse-based cognitive activity support system proposed in this study can be a valuable tool for improving the cognitive abilities of the elderly.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.80
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• pp.5-41
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• 2024

This study was conducted to develop a provenance representation model for data-type electronic records. It supports the distinction between provenance and context for the creation and management of data-type electronic records. To express both, it aims to design an extensible provenance model. For this purpose, W3C PROV is utilized as a basic model, with P-Plan and ProvONE for designing prospective provenance area. Afterward, the provenance model was extended by mapping the record management requirements. The provenance model proposed in this study is designed to represent and connect both retrospective and prospective provenance of data-type electronic records. Based on this study, it is expected to discussing the concept of provenance in the records management and archival studies area and to extending the model in the future.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.233-256
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyse between foreign curriculum and our high school industrial technology subject-matter curriculum, to review trend and stream of curriculum revision, and purpose and content system of subject-matter. This study was conducted through reviewing literature; research reference, journal, book, and Web materials. in this study, comparative target country was restricted to Japan, U. S. A., U. K., and N. Z., Australia that administer to similar subject with our industrial technology subject-matter. The major finding of this study were as follows: 1. A similar subject-matter with our industrial technology subject0matter was Japan' 'foundation of industrial technology' and 'project research', U. S. A.' 'technology' and etc, U. K.' 'design and technology', and N. Z.' 'technology', 'New South Wales in Australia' design and technology'. 2. The result of analysis to purpose and strength of subject-matter, our' industrial technology subject-matter was oriented to knowledge, understanding and career search in industrial area. but, the other was emphasized technological problem solving by process-based method with thinking and action. 3. In the curriculum content, our country was treat to content area of a broad industrial world. on the other hand, Japan; relationship between human and technology, environment, process technology and product technology, project research. U. S. A.; technology content standards by knowledge, process and context, U. K., N. Z., and Australia were focused 'design process'. Based on above results, the recommendation can be established as follows: 1. A study on the implementation of industrial technology curriculum. 2. A study on the perception and need assessment of expert and stakeholder about purpose and content system. of industrial technology subject-matter.