• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.100-109
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze 19 kinds of mineral contents in hair targeting 311 people in Seoul who suffer from hair loss. The results are as follows: 1. The average contents of all kinds of minerals were within the standards. 2. Sodium, potassium, and selenium were more detected in men than in women; calcium, magnesium, copper, and manganese were more detected in women than in men; toxic elements, mercury, antimony, and arsenic were more detected in men than in women, which was statistically significant. 3. As the age increased, potassium (p<.05), iron (p<.01), manganese (p<.05), chromium (p<.01), and mercury (P<0.01) increased gradually, which was statistically significant. In particular, the content of mercury exceeded its standard in those over fifty. 4. Selenium (p<.01), lead (p<.05), aluminum (p<.05), and arsenic (p<.01) were more detected in natural hair than in permanent or colored hair. Calcium (p<.001), magnesium (p<.001), and manganese (p<.01) were more detected in permanent or colored hair than in natural hair. They were all statistically significant.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.651-656
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• 2016

Bee pollen is produced by honeybees and is considered one of the most balanced and nourishing nutritional supplements available. Historically, bee pollen has been prescribed for its healing properties and consumed for its high-energy supply. Recent research has provided evidence that bee pollen has diverse biological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and even anti-cancer effects. However, the outer membrane of the pollen grain, exine, is highly resistant to most acidic solutions, high pressure, and even digestive enzymes, and the resulting low bioavailability limits its nutritional and clinical applications. This study applied a wet-grinding method to destroy the exine effectively, and it then examined the pollen's enhanced biological activity. First, microscopic observations provided strong evidence that wet grinding destroyed the exine time-dependently. In addition, the content of polyphenols, well-known ingredients of bee pollen and used as internal standards for the quality control of commercial pollen preparations, increased up to 11-fold with wet grinding. Further, the anti-oxidant activity demonstrated on the ABTS anti-oxidant assay, as well as the DPPH radical scavenging assay, was also dramatically increased. Together, the results presented here support a new technology by which bee pollen can be used as a resource for medical, nutritional, and cosmetic applications.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2017

This study is for presenting the factors about success attribution that fit the korean security service conditions and developing the actual analysis of measurement tools by investigating the success factors of the security service agents. To this end, conducted a meeting from the fully open questionnaire at first, and then formed the semi-structured questionnaire, finally carried out the survey from the closed questionnaire and analyzed data from SPSS 21.0, AMOS 21.0 and developed the measurements. It was conducted from December, 2014 to June, 2015. This survey was conducted of 170 security guards after the verification of the content validity though the pilot survey and presented the success attribution factors and standards on the basis of the result form this survey. At the first and second analysis process, the success attribution factors of the guards consisted of inner qualities, external qualities, induction factors for inner qualities, and induction factor for external qualities. On analysis of the final data and documents, however, at the third analysis, the success attribution factors of the guards consisted of 'martial arts and physical ability'(4 questions), 'attitudes to work'(3 questions), 'support for the working environment'(3 questions), 'organized business skills'(3 questions), 'attitudes to the duty'(3 questions), and 'coping with crises(2 questions).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 1993

The integrated solid waste management for Seoul Metropolitan city can be established on the basis of the following hierarchy of priorities: 1. Efforts for source reduction should be propelled by both government and citizens to achieve the effects of resource conservation. The adequate production and consumption which are environmentally amenable and sustainable can be induced by the reasonable imposition of deposit money for waste treatment to one-time use products. To accomplish source reduction effectively, the induction of legal and institutional regulation of producer and consumer participation is requisite. 2. For resource recovery, wastes generated should be recycled as far as practicable. Community residents are responsible to separate discharge, the authorities concerned have responsibility of separate collection, and recycling industry should be assissted through tax reduction and financing. Resource separation facilities can be constructed at Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site for wastes not separately collected due to some unavoidable circumstances. 3. Garbage should be composted. Garbage is uneconomical for incineration, because it has high moisture content and low calorie, thus there is no reason for the incineration of garbage even though garbage is classified into combustibles. Composting facilities can be located at sites which are not densely populated and easily accessible to transportation, for example, Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site. Compost produced can be managed by the authorities for the use of fertilizer to a green tract of suburban land and farms. 4. Nonhazardous combustible wastes not recyclable can be utilized for thermal recovery at the incinerators which are completely equipped with pollution control devices. According to the trend of local autonomy and the equity principle of local autonomous entities, incineration facilities of minimal capacity required can be constructed at each districts of Seoul Metropolitan city which have organized local assembly. In case of Yangcheon district, the economically combustible waste quantity is about 260 tons/day which exceeds 150 tons/day, the incineration capacity of existing facility. But, from now on, waste quantity can be reduced substantially by the intensive efforts of citizens for source reduction and recycling and the institutional support of administrative organizations. Especially, it is indispensable for the government to constitute institutional and technological bases that can recycle paper and plastics form 43% of waste generated. A good time for constructing of incineration facilities for municipal solid waste can be postponed to the time that pollution control technologies of domestic enterprises are fully developed to satisfy the standards of air pollution prevention, because the life expectancy of Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site is about 25 years. Within this period, institutional improvements and technological advancements can be attained, while the air qual. ity of Seoul Metropolitan city can be ameliorated to the level to afford incineration facilities. 5. For final disposal, incombustibles and ash are landfilled sanitarily at Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2019

GGBFS(Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) has been widely used in concrete for its excellent resistance chloride and chemical attack, however cracks due to hydration heat and dry shrinkage are reported. In many International Standards, GGBFS with low fineness of 3,000 grade is classified for wide commercialization and crack control. In this paper, the mechanical and durability performance of concrete were investigated through two mix proportions; One (BS) has 50% of w/b(water to binder) ratio and 60% replacement ratio with low-fineness GGBFS, and the other (TS) has 50% of w/b and 60% replacement ratio with 4000 grade and FA (Fly Ash). The strength difference between TS and BS concrete was not great from 3 day to 91 day of age, and BS showed excellent performance for chloride diffusion and carbonation resistance. Two mixtures also indicate a high durability index (more than 90.0) for freezing-thawing since they contain sufficient air content. Through improvement of strength in low fineness GGBFS concrete at early age, mass concrete with low hydration heat and high durability can be manufactured.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.139-151
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to develop the student activity-centered science textbook model in high school and explore the field application possibility. For development of student activity-centered science textbook model, we conducted a literature survey about foreign science textbook and science curriculum and we developed the textbook development framework based on 7E learning model. Based on framework, we developed student activity-centered science textbook model about achievement standards 'systems and interaction - earth systems'. A development model is the total amount of five class periods and the various objectives were reflected in pursuit systems thinking & STEAM. 1~4 class periods, learning content composed of student activity-centered exploration activities that organically associated to make final products. Fifth class period was presented to explore job and career. A development model was applied to high school class for one time study. Applying the result of field study, students were responded positively in interested about science class, textbook contents, made final product. Through this study, if science textbook was made on the basis of the revised student activity-centered science textbook model, students were lead to positive change in science class.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate feasibility of feedstuff for animal using food waste by fermentation mechanism of indigenous microorganism. To achieve this purpose, indigenous bacteria was isolated from soils to use as an inoculant. Enzyme test was performed to verify activity of amylase, protease and lipase using isolated bacteria. Bacteria(H1, D1), which vigorously express the enzyme activity, was selected and used in the fermentation experiments of food waste. From the analysis of 16s rDNA sequencing, H1 and D1 were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Paenibacillus polymyxa, respectively. In the fermentation experiment, food waste was mixed with rice bran and popped rice to control moisture and nutrient content. Isolated bacteria(B. subtilis and P. polymyxa) was used as an inoculant. From the measured data such as temperature, pH and ORP, it can be verified that food waste adding the indigenous bacteria was effectively fermented. From the nutritional analysis of manufactured feedstuff, it showed that the contents of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber were enough to use as feedstuff for animal. In addition, harmful components such as Pb, Hg, Cd, aflatoxin and salmonella concentration were not exceeded permitted standards. Therefore, fermented food waste using indigenous bacteria can be used as feedstuff.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.365-368
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum mashing and maturing conditions for Korean traditional Kanjang(soy sauce) production and to reduce the fermentation period. The effects of maturing time of soy sauce mash, maturing temperature, salt concentration and the ratio of Meju to salt brine on the quality of Kaniang(total nitrogen, pH and color) were examined. Soy sauce pigments and about 90% of N constituents contained in soybean Meju(Koji) in soy sauce mash were degraded and solubilized into liquid portion (soy sauce) of the mash within five days of maturing at $30^{\circ}C$ with the mashing ratio(weight/volume) of 1 : 4 of soybean(as raw soybean) to 20% salt brine. No remarkable effects of soy sauce maturing temperature in the range of $5^{\circ}C{\sim}30^{\circ}$ on the digestion and solubilization of N components and pigment extraction during five days of soy sauce mash maturing were observed. Optimum mashing salt brine concentration for the digestion and solubilization of N components and pigment extraction during soy sauce maturing at $30^{\circ}C$ were observed to be in the range of $15{\sim}20%$. The suitable mashing ratio of Meju to salt brine (wt./vol.) to match N content of the standards of identity of Korean traditional Kanjang(soy sauce) was found to be below 1 : 5.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.107-118
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• 2015

Although most current video coding standards set a fixed motion vector resolution like quarter-pel accuracy, a scheme supporting multiple motion vector resolutions can improve the coding efficiency of video since it can allow to use just required motion vector accuracy depending on the video content and at the same time to generate more accurate motion predictor. However, the selected motion vector resolution for each motion vector is a signaling overhead. This paper proposes a contradiction testing-based signaling scheme of the motion vector resolution. The proposed method selects a best resolution for each motion vector among multiple candidates in such a way to produce the minimum amount of coded bits for the motion vector. The signaling overhead is reduced by contradiction testing that operates under a predefined criterion at both encoder and decoder with a purpose of pruning irrelevant candidate motion vector resolutions from signaling responsibility. Experimental results verified that the proposed scheme is effective in reducing coded motion information by achieving its $Bj{\o}ntegaard$ delta bit rate (BDBR) gain of about 4.01% on average (and up to 15.17%) compared to the conventional scheme with a fixed motion vector resolution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.54
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• pp.1-44
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• 2016

Using the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child(UNCRC) as a frame of reference, this study examined South and North Korean children's rights as reported in the UNCRC and the pattern of changes in the reports depending on the period in which the reports were written. For this purpose, we reviewed Article 1 of the Convention to see what age range the South and North Korean governments, respectively, specify to define a child. We also analyzed the method and attitude of how each Korean government acknowledges the rights of children in the four general principles of the Convention("non-discrimination", "the best interests of the child", "the right to life, survival, and development" and "respect for the views of the child"). The results showed that there was asymmetric content between South and North Korea in the four general principles of the Convention. Both South and North Korea lack a sense of respect for the views of children. There were also differences in the rights of children depending on the distinct characteristics of each Korea. In South Korea, it is important to guarantee the rights of multicultural children and provide a plan for child safety. On the other hand, North Korea has emphasized that they provide the necessities of life and free education to children. Both Koreas have continuously submitted their reports and showed improvement in understanding the rights of children in each report. We conclude that it is essential for South and North Korea to build common ground in their respective contents on children and to establish a foundation of normative standards in the path to prepare for reunification. Moreover, we also conclude that South and North Korea should work collaboratively to reach mutual consent to achieve these goals.