• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2012

Nanotubular structure formation on the Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-Ta alloy surfaces by electrochemical methods has been studied using the anodizing method. A nanotube layer was formed on Ti alloys in 1.0 M $H_3PO_4$ electrolyte with small additions of $F^-$ ions. The nanotube nucleation and growth of the ${\alpha}$-phase and ${\beta}$-phase appeared differently, and showed different morphology for Cp-Ti, Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-Ta alloys. In the ${\alpha}$-phase of Cp-Ti and martensite ${\alpha}^{\prime}$ and in the ${\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$ and ${\beta}$-phase of the Ti-Ta alloy, the nanotube showed a clearly highly ordered $TiO_2$ layer. In the case of the Ti-Ta alloy, the pore size of the nanotube was smaller than that of the Cp-Ti due to the ${\beta}$-stabilizing Ta element. In the case of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, the ${\alpha}$-phase showed a stable porous structure; the ${\beta}$-phase was dissolved entirely. The nanotube with two-size scale and high order showed itself on Ti-Ta alloys with increasing Ta content.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2021

Purpose: Muscle mitochondria play a key role in regulating fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Dysfunction of muscle mitochondria is associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Isorhamnetin (ISOR), also known as 3-O-methylquercetin, a quercetin metabolite, is a naturally occurring flavonoid in many plants. This study evaluated the effects of ISOR on the regulation of the mitochondrial function of C2C12 muscle cells. Methods: C2C12 muscle cells were differentiated for 5 days, and then treated in various concentrations of ISOR. Cytotoxicity was determined by assessing cell viability using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 assay principle at different concentrations of ISOR and time points. Levels of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and gene expression were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The citrate synthase (CS) activity was quantified by the enzymatic method. Results: ISOR at a concentration of 10 µM did not show any cytotoxic effects. ISOR increased the mtDNA copy number in a time- or dose-dependent manner. The messenger RNA levels of genes involved in mitochondrial function, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, and uncoupling protein 3 were significantly stimulated by the ISOR treatment. The CS activity was also significantly increased in a time- or dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: These results suggest that ISOR enhances the regulation of mitochondrial function, which was at least partially mediated via the stimulation of the mtDNA replication, mitochondrial gene expression, and CS activity in C2C12 muscle cells. Therefore, ISOR may be useful as a potential food ingredient to prevent metabolic diseases-associated muscle mitochondrial dysfunction.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.255-270
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• 1993

녹두 유식물의 자엽에서 엽록소 및 단백질 함량과 $\delta$-aminolevulinate dehydratase(ALAD)활성의 변화에 미치는 polyamine의 영향을 조사하였다. Polyamine은 녹화과정에서 자엽내의 엽록소 생성을 촉진하였으며, 이 효과는 KCl에 의해서 상승되었다. 자엽내의 단백질 함량의 변화 또한 엽록소 함량의 변화와 유사하였다. ALAD활성은 암하에서보다 광선하에서 억제되었으나, 18시간 암처리후의 광조사는 ALAD활성을 증가시켰다. Putre-scine처리에 의한 ALAD활성은 암하에서 촉진효과가 낮았으나 광선하에는 그 활성이 증가되었다. KCl은 암하에서 ALAD활성을 촉진시켰으나 광선하에서는 그 효과가 감소되었다. 또한 polyamine과 KCl의 복합처리에서는 촉진효과가 없었다. 이와같은 결과에서 녹두자엽에서의 색소체발달은 polyamine과 광선에 의해 영향을 받으며, polya- mine은 색소체발달에 중요한 작용을 하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.119-123
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• 2004

The effects of BHSH on L-DOPA-induced increase in dopamine content in PC12 cells were investigated. L-DOPA treatment at $20\;or\;50\;{\mu}M$ increased dopamine content after both 24 and 48 h of incubation in PC12 cells. However, the co-treatments of BHSH $(10-50\;{\mu}M)$ with L-DOPA $(20\;or\;50\;{\mu}M)$ significantly inhibited the increase of dopamine content induced by L-DOPA. BHSH treatment at $10-50\;{\mu}M$ significantly inhibited basal aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) activity in a concentration-dependent manner at 15 min, and then AADC activity was rapidly recovered to the control level at about 2 h. These results indicate that the inhibition of AADC activity by BHSH was, in part, contributed to the early-stage decrease of dopamine content induced by LDOPA in PC12 cells. Taken together, it is proposed that the short-term inhibition of dopamine biosynthesis by BHSH was mediated by the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylace (TH).

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2015

Trans fat is a unsaturated fatty acid with trans configuration and separated double bonds. Analytical methods have been introduced to analyze trans fat content in foods including infrared (IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography (GC), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, reverses-phase silver ion high performance liquid chromatography, and silver nitrate thin layer chromatography. Currently, FT-IR spectroscopy and GC are mostly used methods. Trans fat content in 6 vegetable oils were analyzed and processing effects including baking, stir-frying, pan-frying, and frying on the formation of trans fat in corn oil was evaluated by GC. Among tested vegetable oils, corn oil has 0.25 g trans fat/100 g, whereas other oils including rapeseed, soybean, olive, perilla, and sesame oils did not have detectable amount of trans fat content. Among cooking methods, stir-frying increased trans fat in corn oil whereas baking, pan-frying, and frying procedures did not make changes in trans fat content compared to untreated corn oils. However, the trans fat content was so low and food label can be declared as '0' trans based on the regulation of Ministry of Food ad Drug Safety (MFDS) (< 2 g/100 g edible oil).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1048-1053
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• 2009

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of chitosan on nitric oxide (NO) content and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in serum, and relative expression of iNOS mRNA in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old Arbor Acre mixed-sex broiler chickens were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments with five replicates in each treatment and eight chickens in each replicate. The broiler chickens in the six treatments were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.05, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg chitosan. The trial lasted for 42 days. The results showed that dietary chitosan enhanced NO content and iNOS activity in serum as well as iNOS mRNA expression in the duodenum and ileum of broiler chickens in a quadratic dose-dependent manner (p<0.05), and improved jejunum iNOS mRNA expression in a quadratic dose-dependent manner (p<0.10) with increasing addition of chitosan. Chicks fed a diet containing 0.5-1.0 g/kg chitosan had higher NO content and iNOS activity in serum as well as small-intestinal iNOS mRNA expression compared with birds given the control diet, but positive effects of chitosan tended to be suppressed when addition of chitosan in the diet was increased to 2.0 g/kg. These results implied that there was a threshold level of chitosan inclusion beyond which progressive reductions in serum NO content and small intestinal iNOS expression occured, and the regulation of chitosan on immune functions in chickens is probably associated with activated expression of iNOS and NO secretion.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.574-579
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• 2016

Objectives: Vitamin C has various functions such as antioxidative effect and supporting absorption of iron (Fe). Aim of this present study was to provide vitamin C nutrition information and to briefly evaluate absorption interaction of vitamin C and Fe content of vitamin C emphasized products. Methods: Vitamin C emphasized foods including beverages, cereal, snacks, chocolate products, other cocoa products, and sugary products were examined by HPLC. Fe contents in samples after dry-ashing were examined by ICP. Results: Vitamin C content ranges in various products tested were the following: beverages (n=11) $20.15{\pm}0.08{\sim}845.41{\pm}6.07mg$, cereal (n=11) $52.50{\pm}0.23{\sim}262.50{\pm}0.07mg$, snacks (n=1) $50.00{\pm}0.25mg$, chocolate products (n=1) $311.73{\pm}2.44mg$, other cocoa products (n=1) $311.73{\pm}2.44mg$, other sugary products (n=2) $52.50{\pm}0.23{\sim}262.50{\pm}0.07mg$. Vitamin C (n=27) analysis values ranged from 82 to 450% of the labeled value. Vitamin C content in vitamin C emphasized food (n=6) was estimated 7.7 times~56.6 times more than Fe content. Conclusions: Analyzed samples ranged more than 80% of the labeled value in vitamin C emphasized products, which complied with food labeling regulation. But, beverages (n=3), cereal (n=4), chocolate products (n=1) were 2 times more than the labeled value. To provide accurate nutrition information, food manufactures should supervise nutrition labeling and understand the interactions between nutrients. Also, consumer should decide about the adequate amount of nutrient intake by thoroughly checking nutrition labeling.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.424-435
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• 2022

When the owners of the intellectual property rights of digital content have lost control over it in the digital environment, there emerged fears that the intellectual property laws, especially copyright law, would not be effective as in the material (Offline ) world. The reason is that the digital environment helps to reproduce copies in high quality and at almost no cost, while copyright law protection has been limited to programs embedded in CDs. According to copyright laws, the owner of the program did not have the right to prevent buyers of the initial physical copy of the program from copying and reselling it to more than one individual without the permission of the original owner. As a result, business owners have invented the idea of licensing digital content and programs instead of selling them. They set out terms that serve their commercial interests regardless of their abuse to intellectual property laws or even the rules of the traditional contract to sell a material property. The abuse has resulted from the way those terms are concluded and the heavy rules that are unfair to consumer rights. Therefore, business owners insisted on dealing with the website and its programs and digital content as material property. Here raises the question of whether the website and its digital content are subject to the protection of copyright law or the rules of the traditional contract or licensing contracts. As the answer to this question affects the protection of consumer rights, is it possible to find a balance between it and the protection of the owners of digital programs' rights.That is what we will discuss in this paper.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.948-956
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• 2013

국내 쌀가공산업의 활성화로 인해 떡류 시장은 활발해지고 있으나 떡의 노화현상으로 인한 유통상의 제한점으로 시장개척에 어려움이 따르고 있다. 따라서 떡류 제품 중 대중에게 인지도가 가장 높은 가래떡의 일종인 떡볶이떡에 자몽씨 추출물과 산도조절제를 첨가하여 제조된 떡볶이떡의 품질개선을 확인해보고자 하여 이들의 품질평가를 수분, 색도, pH, 기계적 조직감, 미생물 특성 및 관능적 특성을 통해 살펴 보았다. 떡볶이떡의 수분함량은 저장기간 동안 자몽씨 추출물 첨가군에서 가장 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 떡볶이 떡의 색도측정 결과 산도조절제 첨가떡의 L, a, b 값이 자몽씨 추출처리군과 대조군보다 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 떡볶이떡의 기계적 강도는 저장 온도보다 첨가제에 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 자몽씨 추출물과 산도조절제를 첨가한 떡볶이의 경도가 무첨가군인 대조군보다 낮게 나타났다. 자몽씨 추출물과 산도조절제의 첨가는 떡볶이떡의 미생물 생장을 효과적으로 지연시켜 주는 것으로 나타났고 전반적인 기호도는 첨가제를 넣지 않은 대조군에서 가장 높은 점수를 획득하였다. 본 연구결과를 통해 자몽씨 추출물과 산도조절제의 첨가가 저장중 미생물 생장을 지연시키며 저장 15일까지 품질을 유지시켜 주어 관능적 평가가 가능한 것으로 나타나 첨가제로써 자몽씨 추출물과 산도조절제가 떡볶이떡의 품질특성에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.327-338
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• 2014

본 연구는 새롭게 등장하는 미디어 플랫폼인 스마트미디어(Mobile IPTV, OTT, 스마트TV)와 IPTV의 진화모형을 제안하고 있으며, 서비스 진화의 과정을 탐색과 활용이론을 바탕으로 나선형 모형으로 설명하고자 한다. 연구자는 IP방식 미디어는 IPTV에서 진화한 것이며, IPTV가 순환적인 프로세스의 발전모형을 거치면서 진화하였다고 가정한다. 이를 설명하기 위해 연구자는 나선형모형과 탐색과 활용이론을 접목하여 연구모형을 제안한다. 모형의 정성적 제안을 통해 연구자는 스마트미디어가 IPTV의 진화과정에서 발전된 미디어라는 점을 정리하고, 향후 미디어 규제 및 발전방향 설정의 이론적 근거가 될 것으로 기대한다. 연구자는 첫째, IPTV의 진화단계를 서비스의 형상과 규제/기술 측면에서 구분하고, 둘째, IPTV의 진화를 탐색과 활용이론을 접목한 Spiral 모형으로 3개의 사이클을 확인하고 정리한다. 결론적으로 본고의 논의는 IPTV 진화의 후속으로 등장하는 모바일 IP미디어와 스마트미디어에 대한 이해를 도울 것이며, 다양한 규제이슈의 해소와 혁신적 미디어 서비스의 개발을 이끌어낼 것이라고 본다. 또한 정부가 미디어와 콘텐츠 산업계의 발전을 위해 미디어의 진화방향을 설계하는 데 도움이 될 것이다.