• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2002

In order to investigate the optimum moisture content of paddy for milling process, a series of tests were conducted by examining the recovery rate and whiteness of milled rice in relation with the various moisture content. Hwabong-byeo and Dongjin-byeo varieties which were major paddies cultivated in Korea were used for the experiment. The test was performed with small experimental milling machines. In order to minimize the unexpected factors, environment conditions were kept in constant during the experiment. As a result, the recovery rate of milled rice were varied as the changes in milling time and degree of whiteness. However, the recovery rate of milled rice increases as its moisture content increases untill a certain point of moisture content and decreases slowly afterward. This certain point can be called optimum moisture content for rice milling. Also, it has a different value depending on the variety. In this experiment, optimum moisture content of Hwabong-byeo and Dongjin-byeo were considered around 14.8% and 15.3%, respectively. It is not sure that these optimum moisture contents for the two varieties would assume the same values irrespective of harvest year and place. However, it could be concluded that the optimum moisture content for rice milling is around 15%(w.b.) for Hwabong-byeo and 15.5%(w.b.) for Dongjin-byeo, respectively.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.165-168
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• 1975

The grade and recovery rate and its sulphur content of iron concentrate compared respectively as varied with redcued size using the Crocket Magnetic Separator and the Wet-Drum-Magnetic Separator in the magnetic separation test of iron ore from Yangyang mine. The content of sulphur was decreased distinctly as the size was finer. In case of the sample of -100 mesh, using the Crocket Magnetic Separator, the sulphur content of iron ore was decreased to 0.10% and its grade increased to 67.0%, but the recovery rate was no more than 85.1%. In the Wet-Drum type, the grade and the recovery rate of concentrate was better than those in the Crocket Magnetic Separation, but the content of sulphur was more than that in the Crocket Magnetic Separation. The Crocket type is suitable for less sulphur content while the Wet-Drum Magnetic Separator is suitable for better the grade recovery rate of the magnetic concentrate.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1705-1711
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• 2008

To investigate the relationship between cold stress and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase(APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), mRNA expression level of two enzymes, hydrogen peroxide content was studied in lettuce leaves under stress condition imposed by cold stress at $4^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr in the dark and following recovery at $20^{\circ}C$ from cold stress. Hydrogen peroxide content increased gradually in lettuce leaves during cold stress, but decreased slightly following recovery from cold stress. Soluble protein content, however, decreased gradually during cold stress, and then rapidly returned to normal levels following recovery. Total chlorophyll content decreased gradually during cold stress, and then keep constant following recovery. The patterns of chlorophyll a and b content similar to that of total chlorophyll content, and carotenoid content didn't change. The ratio of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll was increased during cold stress, but decreased with rapid during cold stress, and then the ratio returned to normal levels following recovery. During cold stress, the activity of APX and DHAR in the lettuce leaves increased dramatically, and also transcript levels of mRNA of APX and DHAR, as determined by probing 32P-labeled single stranded RNA of APX and DHAR, highly increased and returned to normal levels following recovery, respectively. Relationship between APX and DHAR activity and hydrogen peroxide highly related ($R^2$=0.8715 and 0.8643), whereas between hydrogen peroxide and total chlorophyll content and soluble content related reversely ($R^2$=0.5021 and 0.8915).

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.2941-2956
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose an effective fragile image watermarking scheme for tampering detection and content recovery. Cover image is divided into a series of non-overlapping blocks and a block mapping relationship is constructed by the secret key. Several DCT coefficients with direct current and lower frequencies of the MSBs for each block are used to generate the reference bits, and different coefficients are assigned with different bit numbers for representation according to their importance. To enhance recovery performance, authentication bits are generated by the MSBs and the reference bits, respectively. After LSB substitution hiding, the embedded watermark bits in each block consist of the information of itself and its mapping blocks. On the receiver side, all blocks with tampered MSBs can be detected and recovered using the valid extracted reference bits. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.206-216
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Dithiocarbamate fungicide propineb can be analyzed quantitatively by derivatization reaction followed by HPLC/UVD, which has high reproducibility and stability. However, the presence of high protein in soybeans and peas affects the derivatization process resulting in extremely low recoveries. Therefore, this study was conducted to improve the analytical method for analysis of propineb in soybeans and peas by applying a deproteinization process using chloroform-gel method. METHODS AND RESULTS: The deproteinization process was carried out up to 6 times for soybeans and 5 times for peas using 50 mL chloroform. After 4 times of deproteinization process followed by a derivatization reaction with methyl iodide, the recovery yields of propineb in both pulses were >90%. However, the recovery yield tended to decrease when the deproteinization process was performed more than 5 times. The method limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.04 mg/L. The recovery conducted in triplicate at 10 times and 50 times of the LOQ ranged from 87.2 to 95.0 % with a coefficient of variation <10%. CONCLUSION(S): This study confirmed that 4 times of deproteinization process using the chloroform-gel method was effective when derivatizing and analyzing dithiocarbamate fungicides in pulses with high protein content. However, depending on the initial protein content present in the pulses, there was a difference in the recovery: the lower the protein content, the higher the recovery rate of propineb. It is expected that the method proposed in this study could be applied to remove high content of protein as analytical interference substance from agricultural samples.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2024

The effects of annealing heat treatment and the addition of Cu element on the shape memory effect of the NiTi-based alloy were investigated by analyzing differential scanning calorimeter results and characterizing recovery rate through 3D scanning after Vickers hardness test. Through 3D scanning of impressions after Vickers hardness test, the strain recovery rates for specimens without annealing treatment and annealed specimens at 400, 450, and 500℃ were measured as 45.96%, 46.76%, 52.37%, and 43.57%, respectively. This is because as the annealing temperature increases, both B19' and NiTi₂ phases, which can impede martensitic transformation, are incorporated within the NiTi matrix. Particularly, additional phase transformation from R-phase to B19' observed in specimens annealed at 400 and 450℃ significantly contributes to the improvement in strain recovery rates. Additionally, the results regarding the Cu element content indicate that when the total content of Ni and Cu is below 49.6 at.%, the precipitation of fine B19' and NiTi₂ phases within the matrix can greatly influence the transformation enthalpy and temperature range, resulting in relatively lower strain recovery rates in NiTi alloys with a small amount of Cu element produced in this study.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.36-41
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• 2003

Although slag has an enough potential as the secondary resources due to its high content of iron, quite a large amount of slags are simply landfilled when market prices of iron and steel are not so beneficial. The purpose of this study is to investigate the basic characteristics regarding the recovery of iron content from slag by magnetic separation method for the enhancement of its recycling rate. Three kinds of slags such as blast furnace slag, water-cooled converter slag, and air-cooled converter slag were tested taking the strength of magnetic field, revolving speed of drum, and feeding rate of slag as the influential factors on the magnetic separation. For blast furnace slag, the recovery of iron was observed to increase as drum speed and feeding rate were lowered. For water-cooled converter slag, iron recovery was raised as feeding rate was increased and drum speed was lowered. Also, finer slag particles were observed to be more favorable for the higher recovery of iron content. Regarding air-cooled converter slags, higher iron recovery was accomplished when both feeding rate and drum speed were increased or decreased. In addition, when the magnetic field strength was increased the iron recovery was raised, however, the iron grade of separated product was observed to diminish because of the co-separation of impurities.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.530-537
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of barley cultivars (Saessalbori, Saechalssalbori and Huinchalssalbori) and different milling recovery (95%, 85% and 75%) on quality characteristics of barley Makgeolli. The content of moisture, ash, crude protein, and crude fat in barley seeds were reduced with decreasing milling recovery. The qualities of barley Makgeolli were also significantly affected by the milling recovery. Decreasing milling recovery of all cultivars resulted to increase in total sugar content and reducing sugar content but decrease in pH while alcohol content and total acidity were not significantly affected. Moreover, the lightness and yellowness of barley Makgeolli increased by milling while its redness decreased. The sensory evaluation showed that the consumer preference for barley Makgeolli increased at the lowest milling recovery (75%). The results of this study suggest that the milling recovery and cultivar of barley were important factors to improve the taste and color of barley Makgeolli.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.151-161
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• 1981

The objective of this study was to compare the electrolytes contents in skeletal muscles of two different groups of rats, one for control fed 20% casein diet, and the other experimental group recovered from 7% casein diet as protein restriction feeding for two weeks at the beginning of this experiment. Two different comparison criteria were used in this study, one for comparison between animals at the same age groups and the other between groups weighing same body weight as the control groups. Food consumption of animals for experimental and control groups were ad libitum. Following measurement and samples were collected: body weight, five different muscles-anterior tibialis (A.T.) extensor digitorium longus (E.D.L.) soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius-for electrolytes and protein analysis. The experimental groups showed lower body weight than that of control group. Same trend was showen in protein content in five different muscles. Magnesium and potassium content in four muscles except gastrocnemius showed lower and sodium higher in experimental groups than those in control group at fourteenth day, after recovery from protein restriction, electrolytes content change showed differently in four muscles. Magnesium and potassium contents were increased as protein content in diet. Sodium content decreased as one week intake of recovery diet started, thereafter it was rather slowly increased. Phosphorus content in gastrocnemius at the second week in experimental group was slightly lower than that of control group, and it recovered rapider while at the same body weight group it was higher in experimental group.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2015

The recent increase in the production of 3D contents allowed viewers to experience various 3D contents. However, some of the viewers did not experience 3D depth well. Several researches were done in past to measure viewers' 3D depth perception, but these researches were done with certain limitations. In this paper, we measured viewers' 3D depth perception and recovery rate in relation with the changes in binocular disparities, saturation, and brightness values after subjects' watching 2D/3D contents. The results showed that when viewers watched the 3D content with positive binocular disparities for 42 minutes, viewers felt that the object seemed to have moved further forward than it was before; with 3D content with negative binocular disparities, viewers felt that the object seemed to be moved backwards. We found that the locational differences of the object in positive disparities were greater than those in the negative binocular disparities. The recovery rate was computed by comparing two measured values of before and after watching 3D contents for 30 minutes. On average, after 30-minute break, viewers showed roughly 50 % of recovery rate.