• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.308-317
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• 2015

The aim of the present study was to investigate the ear and kernel characteristics of colored waxy corn hybrids during ripening according to different sowing dates. Heukjinjuchal and Eolrukchal 1 were sown at April 20 (first cropping) and July 20 (second cropping) in 2011~2012. The accumulated temperature from silking to harvesting was about $590{\sim}610^{\circ}C$. It takes 23~24 days when Heukjinjuchal and Eolrukchal 1 were sown in April 20, but July 20 sowing takes 32~35 days. Ear weight, ear diameter, 100-kernel weight and starch content of colored waxy corn were increased as ears matured (p<0.05). Growth temperature was getting decreased during the ripening stage of second cropping, the rate of ear and kernel development had slowed. Starch granules started to accumulate in the cells around the pericarp, then developed in the cells around the embryo. In the second cropping, starch granules in the kernel of colored waxy corn were less compact than the first cropping. The contents of total anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-glucoside were increased according to ripening (p<0.05). These results will be helpful to farmers for double cropping of colored waxy corn cultivation and management.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to compare forage production and feed value of winter forage crops at the experimental field of Livestock Division, National Institute of Animal Science from 2003 to 2004 in Jeju. The experiment was arranged in slit plot design with three replications. Main plots consisted of two cutting times, one time cutting and two times cutting. Sub plots consisted of 5 different seed combinations, T1 (Italian ryegrass), T2 (Oat), T3 (Italian ryegrass 25+Oat 75%), T4 (Italian ryegrass 50+Oat 50%), T5 (Italian ryegrass 75+Oat 25%). One time cutting showed the highest dry matter (DM) yield by 18,680 kg/ha. Tow times cutting showed the highest crude protein (CP) content by 11.97%. The all treatments have narrow range of total digestible nutrient (TDN) from 60.6% to 70.4%.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.335-346
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• 2004

Factors associated with milk urea nitrogen on milk yield and milk composition were investigated in this study regarding feeding management and Physiological status of lactating cows. The data for 3 years between 1999 and 2002 for this study were collected from 129,645 cows by Korean Agricultural Cooperatives Federation. The objectives of this study were to describe the relationships between milk urea concentrations and seasonal factors, cow factors and production of milk, milk fat, protein and somatic cell score(SCS). Milk urea was highest in summer and it also showed a nonlinear association with milk yield. Milk yield was higher at milk urea concentrations of 21 ${\sim}$ 24mg/dl, however it decreased at higher level of milk urea concentrations than 24mg/dl. Milk urea was higher with increased parities of cows and in particular, at 3 to 4 parities. There was a negative association between milk urea and SCS in milk. SCS in milk was lowest at milk urea concentrations of 2l${\sim}$24mg/dl. Milk fat and milk protein were greatly affected by days in milk(DIM), year of birth, season and milk urea concentrations, respectively. While milk urea increased in summer, milk fat and protein were decreased. Milk protein decreased according to longer days in milk. With regard to the influences of parity, milk protein in overall was negatively correlated to milk urea in all lactations, however the extent of decrease of milk protein at high concentrations of milk urea was bigger at third lactation. The balanced supply of energy and protein to the animals might have greatly affected the urea concentrations and protein content of milk.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.143-174
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• 2019

Our Constitution obliges the state to protect the health of the people, and the Medical Law, which embodied Constitution, sets out in detail the matters related to open the medical institution, and one of them is to prohibit the operation of multiple medical institutions. By the way, virtually multiple medical institutions could be opened and operated because the Supreme Court had interpreted that several medical institutions could be opened if medical activities were not performed directly at the additional medical institution which was opened under the another doctor's license. However, some health care providers opened the several medical institutions with another doctor's license for the purpose of the maximization of profit, and did illegal medical cares like the unfair luring of patients, over-treatment, and commission treatment. Also, realistic problems such as the infringed health rights have arisen. Accordingly, lawmakers had come to amend the Medical Law to readjust the system of opening for medical institution so that medical personnel could not open or operate more than one medical institution for any reason. For this reason, the Constitutional Court recently declared a constitutional decision through a long period of in-depth deliberation because the constitutional petition and the adjudication on the constitutionality of statutes had been filed on whether Article 33 paragraph 8 of the revised medical law is unconstitutional. The Constitutional Court acknowledged the "justice of purpose" in view of the importance of public medical institutions, of the prevention from seduction of for-profit patients and from over-treatment, and of the fact that health care should not be the object of commercial transactions. Given the risk that medical personnel might be subject to outside capital, the concern that the holder of the medical institution's opening certificate and the actual operator may be separated, the principle that the human body and life should not be just a means, and the current system's inability to identify over-treatment, it also acknowledged the 'minimum infringement'. Furthermore, The Constitutional Court judged it is constitutional in compliance with the principle of restricting fundamental rights, such as 'balance of legal interests'. In this regard, legislative complements are needed in order to effectively prevent the for-profit management and the over-treatment the Constitutional Court is concerned about. In this regard, consumer groups actively support the need for legislation, and health care providers groups also agree on the need for legislation. Therefore, the legislators should respect the recent Constitutional Court's decision and in the near future complete the complementary legislation to reflect the people's interests.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.268-276
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• 2010

Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Law was activated into force on March 2009. By the law, the obligation to monitor the effect of earthquake on the facilities was extended to many organizations such as gas company and local governments. Based on the estimation of National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), the number of free-surface acceleration stations would be expanded to more than 400. The advent of internet protocol and the more simplified operation have allowed the quick and easy installation of seismic stations. In addition, the dynamic range of seismic instruments has been continuously improved enough to evaluate damage intensity and to alert alarm directly for earthquake hazard mitigation. For direct visualization of damage intensity and area, Real Time Intensity COlor Mapping (RTICOM) is explained in detail. RTICOM would be used to retrieve the essential information for damage evaluation, Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). Destructive earthquake damage is usually due to surface waves which just follow S wave. The peak amplitude of surface wave would be pre-estimated from the amplitude and frequency content of first arrival P wave. Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system is conventionally defined to estimate local magnitude from P wave. The status of EEW is reviewed and the application of EEW to Odesan earthquake is exampled with ShakeMap in order to make clear its appearance. In the sense of rapidity, the earthquake announcement of Korea Meteorological Agency (KMA) might be dramatically improved by the adaption of EEW. In order to realize hazard mitigation, EEW should be applied to the local crucial facilities such as nuclear power plants and fragile semi-conduct plant. The distributed EEW is introduced with the application example of Uljin earthquake. Not only Nation-wide but also locally distributed EEW applications, all relevant information is needed to be shared in real time. The plan of extension of Korea Integrated Seismic System (KISS) is briefly explained in order to future cooperation of data sharing and utilization.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.19-48
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• 2010

This study focused on characterizing various factors in order for learners to maintain their interests in learning and to maximize learning effects as the top priority purpose of university e-Learning, on the basis of results of conceptual studies on existing e-Learning and practical studies, and then on examining them practically. It also analyzed which factors would have greater influence on learning effects of e-Learning in general. Moreover, in comparison with existing numerous studies which examined only factor such as learning effects of e-Learning, it analyzed such things in detail according to division into three items such as learning satisfaction, learning transfer and learning recommendation. To achieve such purposes of the study, it characterized and set 3 factors such as learning contents, instructional design and user convenience on the assumption that such factors have a significant influence on learning effects of e-Learning. Moreover, the factor of learning contents includes 3 detailed elements, i.e., learning issue and objective, knowledge information, and consistency and propriety, and the factor of instructional design includes 4 detailed elements, i.e., interest and sympathy, interaction, contents presentation and explanatory strategy. Lastly, the factor of user convenience includes 2 detailed elements such as screen configuration, and check-up of contents and teaching schedule. According to analytical results, it showed all 3 factors such as learning contents, instructional design and user convenience have a significant influence on learning effects of e-Learning(i.e., learning satisfaction, learning transfer and learning recommendation). In more detail, it showed the learning issue and objective from the factor of learning contents have the greatest influence on learning satisfaction of e-Learning. Then, it is the most important to set the learning issue and objective with given priority to learners and set the learning objective estimable, in order to raise the learning satisfaction. It showed the contents presentation from the factor of instructional design on the learning transfer. Therefore, it is the most important to structuralize mutual relation and presentation orders to promote learning systematically and to let learners access to such things, for the purpose of raising the learning transfer. Moreover, it showed the interest and sympathy from the factor of instructional design has the greatest influence on the learning recommendation. Thus, it is the most important to promote learners' interests to the maximum using well-timed media, and to give a lecture enough to arouse learners' sympathy.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 2011

Excess sugar intake by food consumption may contribute to the development of diabetes, dental caries, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the sugar intake from meals at nursery schools in Gyeonggi-Do, and to construct a database for reduction policies sugar intake. A total of 601 samples were analyzed for sugar intake in summer and winter, respectively. The average sugar intake from food service was 2.22 g/meal, which was 5% of the Recommended Daily Intake (RDI). Furthermore, the analysis results of sugar content were in the decreasing order of fruits (5.05 g/100 g), fried food (2.92 g/100 g), and braised food (2.31 g/100 g). The habit of excessive sugar intake in childhood can be threaten health in adulthood. Thus, it is necessary for nursery school children to consume schoolmeals that contain less sugar.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-32
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to improve upon school health by understanding the present status of school health and escpecially to investigate the performance rate of regular health instruction. 261 schools, including middle and high schools enrolled in the Busan Educational Association, were sent Questionnaires. Data was collected from the 25th of January to the 10th of April, 1994. 229 subjects who responded to the Questionnaires were finally analyzed as samples. Among them, 127 were school nurses and 102 were teachers acting in a school health capacity. The results of this study are summerized as follows: Of the teachers holding additional school health responsibilities, $85.6\%$ worked in private schools. Many of them $(74.5\%)$ were formally dissatisfied with their ability to provide care because $85.3\%$ of them had never studied any school health. Some of them$(30.4\%)$ didn't know about the annual school nursing budget and $23.5\%$ of them hadn't taught any health education to students. In spite of this fact, they were placed in charge of a school health activity against their own will. There were statistically significant differences in the performance of school health affairs between nurses and teachers holding additional school health (p<0.001) as follows: annual school nursing budget, Health Program Planning and Evaluation, annual purchase price for medicines, average students cared for per day, average students who held at least one consultation per month and extra. Surely, the self-confidence of school nurses was higher than that of teachers with school health as an assigned responsibility. This was demonstrated by a significant statistical difference (p<0.01) in the responses by the two groups. $88.2\%$ of the school nurses and $73.5\%$ of teachers for school health thought that regular health instruction was necessary. But regular health education had been performed only by $32.8\%$ of respondents. Among them, 84% were school nurses and $16\%$ were teachers holding additional school health. Of the persons who performed regular health education, $69.3\%$ used less than $60\%$ of the health content of the athletic textbook. And $64\%$ of them said teaching materials were insufficient. Most of them $(69.4\%)$used home made lesson plans. which they compiled from various sources. There was a significant difference in the formality of the health lesson according to the concern of the school principal (p<0.01) and there was a significant difference in performing health education between school nurses and teachers holding additional school health (p<0.001) It appears that there are a lot of problems with providing school health care using people who are untrained. In a word, school health nurses with professional training are needed in order to perform the qualitative management for the health of the students. These days, regular health education is an indispensable part in making students improve their self-care abilities. Therefore a more effective and better defined program should be prepared for regular systematic health education. To resolve these problems, present laws and regulations related to school health should be revised considering the specialist's request for the improvement of school health. In addition, the concern and financial support of the government are essential.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.113-125
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• 2004

Effect of microwave radiation on physico-chemical properties of cor'n starches was studied. Waxy com, com and high amylose com starches of varying moisture content(20～35%) were subjected to microwave processing(2450MHz) at $120^{\circ}$ and the experimental starch samples were examined by a X-ray diffractometry, rapid viscosity analyzer(RVA) and. with the samples in temperature was observed and the peaks of high amylose com starches at $2^{\circ}$=5.0, 15.0 and $23.0^{\circ}$, were disappeared indicating the melting of crystallines while those of com and waxy com had not changed. A change in gelatinization pattern was observed in the case of corn starches from type A with nearly no peak-viscosity and breakdown to type C. Except a decreased viscosity, no change was observed in those of waxy com starches.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.128-160
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• 2009

Narratively I have described interactions between two teachers performing an introduction to the engineering class with various situations such as place, teacher, student and subject. I have specifically illuminated a three-dimensional narrative inquiry space embracing the culture of the university, the college of engineering and the ABEEK(Accreditation Board of Engineering Education of Korea)program. The result of the study is as follows: First, in order to stimulate the students' motivation, the teachers have to make not only their class PowerPoint slides match the size of the classroom, but the content of the slides must be condensed with core concepts. They also should utilized some video clips to empower students' interest in the subject within their classrooms. Second, the teachers should do various class activities in the classroom. Instead of spending most of the class time with his/her explanation, it would be advantageous for the teachers to allow the students to perform a task in class. Third, the teachers should ask their students about assignments which are helping students' understanding of the subject and planning of their future. Lastly, the teachers need to design the mid-term and the final tests inducing the students' motivation. Those tests also must test students' creativity and insight of the subject. Thus, the test should consist of an interpretive exercise and an essay type of item thus reducing the multiple choice types of items. There are several limitations to the study. First it is difficult to generalize what we found here because it is a case study. Second, we could not study in depth the effect of the interaction between the two teachers who were performing the introduction to the engineering course during the academic semester. Third, this study just probed into the difficulties of teaching the course. Hence, we have to understand more by focusing on each issue such as adapting to a new learning environment as a student from abroad, a practical experience boosting the students' interest in the introduction to the engineering course, also a practical experience on process based learning-versus result based learning, and an effective management of the student team presentation etc.