• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.137-158
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze the shifts in the mathematics domains of the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) since its inception in 1993, with the intent of identifying improvements for the future. The goal is to provide insights for exploring the direction of assessment in Korean high school mathematics education. To this end, we focused on the test system, content area, and behavioral area within the CSAT mathematics domains. Key findings include: first, the test structure influences the assessment factors and item types, in addition to the examination time and number of items. Second, by analyzing the content area, we established a correlation between the national curriculum and assessment area, and confirmed the importance of setting the assessment area. Third, the examination of the behavioral area tended to the item-type fixation, demonstrating the necessity of the ongoing modifications in evaluation item types. Building upon these findings, we discuss the direction of an evaluation that considers the evolving demands and shifts within mathematics education.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.43-64
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Energy and Transportation Technology Domain about Technology Home Economics textbook Contents of the 7th National Curriculum. 'Jackson's Mill Industrial Arts Curriculum Theory' was used for the content analysis criteria. The results of the study are as follows: First, the sub-systems 'input' and 'process' in contents of the textbooks was represented frequently. However, the 'output', the main contents in transportation technology, was not represented. Second, components of the knowledge, materials, energy and Capital are included in Inputs system. The highest frequency and intensity of the energy and materials were showed. Third, the frequency of the Productive Processes that showed the most. The highest frequency and intensity of Transporting/Moving in Productive Processes were showed. The rest of systems that require the ratio of the intensity values do not meet.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.333-342
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• 2021

In this study was conducted to measure the water content and dry unit weight of the ground using TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) in order to supplement the problems of the conventional compaction management method. The Flat TDR system is a device that does not cause ground disturbance, and in order to verify the measured values, the dry density and water content were measured for samples of the ground subject at 7 sites other than Jumunjin Standard Temple. The water content section was divided into 6 sections of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18%, and the experimental results were confirmed according to the unified classification method. As a result of the indoor experiment, the water content showed an error of about 0.7% for the SP sample and about 1.3% for the SM sample. In addition, the dry unit weight confirmed an error of about 7% for the SP sample and about 5% for the SM sample. It was confirmed that stable values were derived in sandy or silty sandy ground except for clay or gravel. Through the experimental results, it was confirmed that the measured values of the flat TDR system derive similar values to the existing traditional compaction management method, and it was determined that the flat TDR equipment was suitable for construction sites that require quick constructability and economic feasibility.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.480-497
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• 2021

This study intends to explore the content and organization characteristics of elementary school science textbooks in the astronomical domain from the perspective of understanding the astronomical spatial concept. This study analyzed the relevant unit of the achievement criteria in the 2015 revised science curriculum for the 'space' domain in elementary school science textbooks in comparison with that in secondary school textbooks according to the spatial concept analysis criteria by texts, illustrations, and inquiry activities. As a result, elementary school science textbooks were found to be organized around phenomena rather than concepts, targeting observable celestial bodies linked to real life in order to optimize the amount of learning content. However, the learning contents of astronomical observation related to observation and phenomena-centered real life should stimulate the curiosity and imagination of elementary school students and encourage their intellectual participation. Students need to be supported for understanding of the spatial concept to find an answer to the question of 'why'. The content organization for core concepts should be organized around the transferable spatial concept rather than simply focusing on presenting results by accurately describing the phenomena observed by students through scientific practice in order for students to answer various questions that arise in the course of scientific practice.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.51-61
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• 2016

In this study, a new TDR system equipped with a flat type probe has been developed to improve the currently used TDR system that measures dry density and water content. To verify the developed TDR system, TDR tests were conducted on Jumunjin sand and three typical soils. Also, additional tests were performed to measure the correction value of the developed probe. Using the TDR signals, dielectric constant, electrical conductivity and soil constants were derived. The water content and dry density of the soils were determined through the TDR tests. The applicability of the TDR system was examined by comparison of the measured values by TDR and the real values. The values of dry density and water content were found to have about 2% and 0.5% error, respectively. Based on the test results, it has been confirmed that the new TDR system can be used as an alternative to the previous TDR system as it can measure the dry density and the water content with reasonable accuracy, leading to significant time and cost savings.

• Water for future
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.119-129
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• 1996

The daily soil water contents were obtained from the time domain reflectometry (TDR) method and energy balance-water budget approach with eddy correlation at the two small semiarid watersheds of Lucky Hills and Kendall during the summer rainy period. There was a comparison of daily soil water content measured and estimated from these two different approaches. The comparison is valuable to evaluate the accuracy of current soil water content measuring system using TDR and energy balance-water budget approach using eddy correlation method at small watersheed scale. The degree of similarity between the regressions of these two methods of measuring soil water content was explained by determining the correlations between these methods. Simple linear regression analyses showed that soil water content measured from TDR method was responsible for 58% and 63% of the variations estimated from energy balance-water budget approach with eddy correlation at Lucky Hills and Kendall, respectively. The scatter plots and the regression analyses revealed that two different approaches for soil water content measurement at small watershed scale have no significant difference.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.609-625
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• 2015

This study was subjected to 9th graders after making a conformity analysis about errors in function from a selected linear function domain learned in 8th grade, and using this we analyzed some errors learners have in the linear function domain. Learners showed the most deficiency in mastery of prerequisite facts concepts out of errors in linear functions and lack of skill in interpreting the content of the questions and technical errors occurred often as well. How the pre-service secondary school teachers prescribed these errors of linear function was analyzed from the point of problem solving strategies, accessing methods and whether or not the learner's error was used. Looking into the pre-service secondary teachers' prescription of the learners' errors in 3 fields, for the problem solving strategy a procedural strategy was used more than a conceptual strategy, and as for the accessing methods over 90% gave teacher led type explanations to the students. Also over 90% of pre-service secondary teachers did not use the learner's errors that turned up in problems.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.757-766
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• 2017

This study investigated not only the existence of differently functioned item due to gender but also domain. In this study, the randomly selected data of TIMSS 2007, which consist of 681 male and 646 women, were analyzed. To detect differently functioned items, this study employed Raju method. For Raju method, three-parameter logistic model was selected. Signed and unsigned area between two item characteristic curve were measured within the real ability range. An item which was detected commonly SA and UA area in Raju method was defined as a differently functioned item. As a result of this study, six items among twenty seven items of mathematics in the TIMSS 2007 were differently functioned item. Five items among those six items, were in favor of boys and one item was in favor of girls. Number, Geometric Shapes and Measures, and Applying were in favor of boys. but Data Display, Reasoning were in favor of girls. The conclusion of this study was summarized as existing differently functioned items in TIMSS 2007 and difference between favorable domain based gender. Finally, it is desirable to consider the differently functioned items by relating those item content for improving the test reliability of TIMSS 2007.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.683-699
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• 2015

Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) has been extensively applied for various laboratory and field studies. Numerous different TDR probes are currently available for measuring soil moisture content and detecting interfaces (i.e., due to landslides or structural failure). This paper describes the development of an innovative spiral-shaped TDR probe that features much higher sensitivity and resolution in detecting interfaces than existing ones. Finite element method (FEM) simulations were conducted to assist the optimization of sensor design. The influence of factors such as wire interval spacing and wire diameter on the sensitivity of the spiral TDR probe were analyzed. A spiral TDR probe was fabricated based on the results of computer-assisted design. A laboratory experimental program was implemented to evaluate its performance. The results show that the spiral TDR sensor featured excellent performance in accurately detecting thin water level variations with high resolution, to the thickness as small as 0.06 cm. Compared with conventional straight TDR probe, the spiral TDR probe has 8 times the resolution in detecting the water level changes. It also achieved 3 times the sensitivity of straight TDR probe.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.369-379
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop the Nurse Presence Scale and to test the reliability and validity of the instrument. Method: The subjects verifying the scale's reliability and validity were adult patients being treated in three artificial kidney unit in Pusan and Taegu from August 1 to October 15, 2000. The data was analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 8.0 program. Result: A factor analysis and was conducted items that had a factor loading more than .40, and an eigen value more than 1.0 were seleclted. The factor analysis classified a total of seven factors statistically, but the seventh factor was excluded because community was less than 4%. Therefore, there were six factors, and its communality was 62%. The explanation of domain and factors based on the conceptual framework and item content are as follows: The first factor was 'interaction' in emotional areas, the second domain was 'empathy' in cognitive areas, the third was 'attention' in emotional areas, the fourth was 'openness' in emotional areas, the fifth was 'sensitivity' in behavioral areas, and the sixth was 'physical assist' in behavioral areas. Cronbach's α coefficient to test reliability of the scale was .9766 for a total 49 items. Conclusion: The Scale for Nurse Presence developed in the study was identified as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity. Therefore, this scale can be effectively utilized for the evaluation of nurse presence in clinical settings.