• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.286-290
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• 2012

The majority of laboratory animals were transported from commercial breeders to a research facility by ground transportation. During the transportation, many biological functions and systems can be affected by stress. In this experiment, the change of body weight during the transportation was measured and the recovery periods from the transportation stress established based on the body weight changes. Total 676 laboratory animals which were aged between 3 to 9 wk old were studied. The transportation time taken from container packing to unpacking the container was approximately 24 h. The temperature of animal container was constantly maintained by air-conditioning and heating equipment. Rats were found to be more sensitive than mice. The body weight of rats was significantly decreased 3.71% (p<0.05) compared to the body weight of mice which decreased 0.9% There was no significant difference between the strains in the same species. When the changes of body weights were compared between delivery days, C57BL/6 mice showed the most variable changes compared to other species and strains. Consequently, C57BL/6 was more sensitive to stress than the other strains and the transportation process needs to be standardized to reduce between day variability. To establish the recovery periods from transportation stress, the body weight changes were measured during the acclimation period. Although the body weight of animals decreased during transportation, animals recovered their weight loss after the next day.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2000

This paper deals with the development of the generalized model to assist the empty container repositioning and leasing problems for liner shipping companies. For this, the existing models have been reviewed. And then a mathematical model has been proposed to handle the specific characteristics of the empty container management; the dynamic characteristics, the multi echelon of the transportation and distribution systems, and the substitutions among various container types. In particular, this paper puts an emphasis on the modeling framework for considering substitutions among various container types.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2009

Today international trade through maritime transportation is significantly increasing. Due to this increase, shipping companies are faced with problems concerning the repositioning of empty containers from import dominant ports. The liner shipping service network has been provided to transport containers which load customers' freights. Container ships are moved on the liner shipping service network by observing the predetermined route and transportation time. This research deals with the empty containers distribution problem considering the container ship route. A mathematical model based on the mixed integer program has been introduced in this study. The objective is to minimize the total relevant costs of empty containers such as handling, leasing, and inventory holding, etc. Due to the complexity of the problem, a genetic algorithm has been suggested to solve large sized problems within a reasonable time. Numerical experiments have been conducted to show the efficiency of the genetic algorithm.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1209-1214
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• 2010

In these days, rail container service is being more important because it has relatively simple network. In addition, small lot sizes of shipment, frequent shipment, and demand for flexible service are important characteristics in rail container transportation. Efficient container operation at terminals is important in reducing transportation costs and load/unload time. This paper describes the assigning track of freight trains in the railway freight terminal. The paper addresses the operational requirements and facility restrictions to construct a mathematical model for track assignment. In addition, it suggests several types of objectives for the model.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.191-192
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• 2019

운송 시장은 각 화물별 수요에 맞는 서비스를 제공하기 위해 계속해서 변화해 왔다. 현재 액체류의 운송에는 탱크 컨테이너가 많이 활용되고 있는데, 이 탱크 컨테이너 운송 시장은 지속적으로 성장하는 추세에 있다. 이에 따라 탱크 컨테이너에 맞는 핸들링 수요 역시 늘어나고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 탱크 컨테이너 운송 시장의 전반에 대한 사례분석을 토대로, 운송 프로세스 및 관리 방안에 있어서의 개선점을 제시하고자 한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 정보 단절이 생기는 구간을 없애고 정보의 연속성 확보 및 위험물 관리 효율성 제고를 위해 통합 시스템이 필요함을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국항만경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항만경제학회 2007년도 국제학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.161-173
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• 2007

This paper considers the problem of determining the cargo flow and the transportation mode in each trade route while satisfying the demand. Especially, the problem incorporates short sea shipping in Korea, which is becoming more important in order to improve efficiency of Logistics. The objective is to minimize the sum of shipping and inland transportation costs. To solve optimally the problem, this paper employs a linear programming model, which is an operations research technique for optimization. The problem is formulated by extending the well-known network design problem by considering capacity at seaport and limitation of total number of vehicles. The model is solved using CPLEX, a commercial linear program software. The test results using a real cargo flow data in Korea show that the model represents closely the real situation.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.69-90
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• 1993

Today, the problem of the logistics rationalization has significant meanings as one of the new strategies for improving the power in the international competition. In order to achieve the logistics rationalization, the enhanced recognition to logistics of each enterprise is essential. However, the complete arrangement of the logistics external environment, that is, logistics infrastructure is also one of the most important matters. In this respect, to rationalize the container logistics, this paper deals with the strategies for strengthening the function of Pusan port which is handling the 95% of the export and import container. Some suggestions for those are as follows : First, the coastal container transportation system must be strengthened to dissolute the preponderance of road transportation. Second, a new large port must be developed at Gadeok island to handle the increasing container traffic in the years of 2000. Third, the port authority must be established under the cooperation of the central government and local government to comply with the necessity of the synthetic control for city and port. Fourth, the Inland Clearance Depot in going must be promptly completed to establish the efficient and synthetic container logistics system.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 Asia Navigation Conference
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• pp.87-95
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• 2004

Economic development is remarkable in Asia and progress of industrialization of NIES, ASEAN, and China in East Asia has increased the international physical distribution in this area. However, an imbalance of trade becomes severe in these areas. The imbalance is especially big in the Asia-North America route and the Japan-China route. The imbalance in the Asia -North America liner route is 5.04 million TEUS in 2002.The transportation ratio of loaded containers between China and Japan route is approximately 3:1 in 2000. In other words, it means that the transportation of loaded containers from China to Japan is 3, the transportation of loaded containers from Japan to China is I. The imbalance at a port is generally obtained by subtracting export loaded container cargo volume from import container cargo volume. However, the imbalance and the empty containers at the port are not always same. Then, in order to evaluate rationalization and efficiency of maritime container transportation, we introduce the amount of empty containers at a port as an evaluation index. However, the past data of the amount of handling empty containers have a lot of lacking portions. Then, it is necessary to estimate the past amount of empty containers in order to grasp the amount of empty containers historically. So, we construct the model that estimates the amount of empty containers using the imbalance of main port statistics in Japan.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2012

국내 컨테이너 육상운송은 행정구역을 기준으로 요금이 산정되고 있으나 실제 차량이 이동하는 거리에 의거하여 요금이 결정되지 않아 화주와 운송인 모두에게 합리적이지 못한 방법이다. 본 연구는 GIS의 네트워크 분석 기법의 하나인 서비스 권역 분석을 이용하여 보완된 육상운송운임 산정 방안을 제시하고 현행 행정구역 기준 육상운송운임체계와 비교하여 현행 체계의 문제점을 보완할 수 있는 대안을 도출하고자 출발하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 컨테이너 육상운송운임 권역은 현행 행정구역 기준 컨테이너 육상운송운임 방식과 비교하여 운송거리를 반영하는 요금의 형평성이나 행정적 편의성 측면에서 더욱 개선되었다고 판단된다. 본 연구가 GIS를 활용하지 않고 컨테이너 육상운송 운임을 산정하는 관행을 개선될 수 있는 계기가 되어 객관적인 데이터에 의거하여 합리적으로 운임을 결정하기 위한 중요한 참고 자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.101-127
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• 1986

Transportation provides an infrastructure vital to economic growth, and it is an integral part of production . As a port is the interface between the maritime transport and domestic transport sectors, it certainly plays a key role in any economic development. Therefore, it is doubtless that inadequacy of a nation's port will depress the level of throughput, to the level where it fails to meet the target set by the national economic planning schemes. Korea is surrounded by the seas and the economic structure of Korea consists of processing trades, so that it cannot be overstated that substantial economy in maritime transport coasts can be achieved through the improvement of the port transport system. This paper treats the transportation process in Pusan Port by Queueing Simulation method, and the reasonable size of Pusan Port is suggested from the point of view of efficiency maximization. The results of the analysis are summarized as follows; 1) the utility rate is 47.91 percents in general piers, 85-52 percents in container piers, and waiting time 5.2hrs, in general piers, 0.8 hrs, in container piers, and the probability of maximum queue length 12 ships in general piers, 2 ships in container piers, and the probability of waiting is 44 percents in general piers, 8 percents in container pier. 2) in general piers, the improvement of app. 30 percents in port capacity is desirable for operating effectively concerning the current arrival rate. By introducing the traffic control ion container piers, there is no apparent necessity of port investment, but I is expected to reduce invisible congestion occurred along the waiting line. 3) On Pusan Port, the optimal utility rate and the optimal arrival rate for reducing waiting time are 3.5 to 4.0(hrs./ship) in general piers, 5.1 to 6.0(hrs./ship) in container piers.