• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2018

Container port is one of the most vital link of the transportation chain that plays an important role in trading with other countries. Having a proper understanding of port operations could change the role of the port from a transportation node to an efficient point in a transportation chain. Development of transportation chains, logistics and progress of these networks have enhanced the sustainable condition and level of transportation. Therefore, evaluating the competitiveness of ports is obligatory for port users to make a decision in investment or exploitation. This paper introduces the use of Fuzzy C-means and TOPSIS for competitiveness comparison among a sample of container terminals in Korea and China and determine how to improve Korean port competitiveness and particularly in Busan port.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.77-88
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• 1999

Container terminal productivity is a critical factor for both the terminal operator and liner companies. For the former it is a determinant factor of the competitiveness and profit of terminal, and for the later it is one that determines ships' tern round time and hence ships' operation costs. The concept and measures of productivity are however not well defined and unified throughout terminals in the world. This paper therefore deals with the empirical study on the evaluation of container terminal productivity. It first clarifies the concept of terminal productivity, and secondly based on the actual data on container terminals in and outside Korea, productivity is evaluated and compared. Finally, problems hampered efficient operation of Korean terminals are derived, and several comments are suggested for solving them.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2019

Seaports play a vital role in the economic development of countries, especially for countries having long coastlines such as Vietnam Seaport industry in Vietnam has witnessed an impressive development in recent years. The national cargo throughput in the period 2013-2017 achieved a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.8%/year, higher than that of the world (5.1%). However, the differences in planning policies and infrastructure systems has led to the differences in port performance efficiency of regional ports. Therefore, it is necessary to have a general and accurate view of the picture of Vietnam's seaport. The objective of this study was to analyze the relative efficiencies of 26 Vietnam container terminals using traditional output-oriented CCR and BCC DEA model. Malmquist P roductivity Index (MP I) was also applied to evaluate changes in container terminals productivity over time.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2005

This paper deals with a container terminal where containers are discharged by quay cranes from a ship and transported by a fleet of vehicles to the terminal yard. Since container terminals are fully utilized in general, It is important to increase terminal throughput by discharging the containers out of the ship without any delay, At the operational level, it should be decided which vehicle transports which container. The vehicle dispatching decision should be carefully made since the container discharging time increases when the quay cranes wait idle for the vehicles. This paper presents vehicle dispatching heuristics with the objective of minimizing the total container discharging time. The heuristics are based on a network flow model and a look-ahead concept. Through some experiments, the performance of the dispatching methods is evaluated.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2013

The amount of international trade is rapidly increasing as a result of globalization. It is well known that as the size of a vessel becomes larger, the transportation cost per container decreases. That is, the economy-of-scale holds even in maritime container transportation. As a result, the sizes of containerships have been steadily increased for reducing transportation costs. In addition, various handling technologies and handling equipment have been introduced to increase the throughput capacities of container terminals. Quay crane (QC) that carries out load/unload operations plays the most important role among various handling equipment in terminals. Two typical examples of advanced QC concepts proposed so far are double trolley QC and supertainer QC. This paper suggests a method of estimating the expected value and the standard deviation of the container handling cycle time of the advanced QCs that involve several handling components which move at the same time. Numerical results obtained by the proposed estimation procedure are compared with those obtained by simulation studies. In order to demonstrate the advantage of advanced QCs, we compared their expected cycle times with those of a conventional QC.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.346-354
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• 2007

Recently, the efficient planning and operations of container terminals have become essential problems to develop the evaluation method with operational rules. Container terminals are required to have enough berths and container yards as well as various equipments and facilities, but in reality there are many differences in their resources owing to the circumstances of each terminal. This study introduces a simulation model for evaluating various operation rules for improving the performance of transshipment container terminal operations. This model can analysis various factors (throughputs, utilizations etc) and shows operational alternative considering design factors of transshipment container terminal with the related circumstances.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.290-302
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• 2007

This paper introduces several decision-making problems that need to be solved in order to facilitate the efficient operation of container terminals. These decision-making problems include the berth planning problem, the quay crane scheduling problem, the unload/load sequencing problem, the yard allocation problem, and the short-term scheduling of transporters and yard cranes. These problems can be classified into strategic decision problems, tactical decision problems, and real time operational decision problems. This paper proposes definitions of the problems that can be used to develop mathematical models for the problems.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.65-90
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• 2011

부산항만공사(BPA)가 관리하고 있는 부산항 컨테이너부두는 민간운영사가 임차하여 운영하고 있다. 운영사가 BPA에 납부하는 연간 임대료는 BPA의 2010년도 연간 매출액 2,444억원의 약 66%에 달하는 1,609억원으로, BPA 총수입의 대부분을 차지하는 매우 중요한 수입원이다. 그러나 부산항의 컨테이너부두 임대료는 부두 신설에 따라 운영사 선정 입찰시 적용한 임대료 산정체계의 차이, 1999년 임대료 산정체계를 수입공유제에서 고정임대료제로 변경하면서 부두별로 적용한 임대료 산정방법 및 산정기준의 상이, 북항과 신항간 임대료 산정시기의 차이 및 그에 따른 임대료 산정기준의 상이 등으로 형평성 논란을 빚어왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현행 부산항 컨테이너부두 임대료 산정체계의 문제점을 분석하여 임대료 산정체계의 표준화 방안을 제안한 후 신설부두와 기존부두를 대상으로 컨테이너부두 표준 임대료 산정체계 적용 사례를 제시하였다. 임대료 산정체계를 표준화하기 위해서는 할인 현금흐름법(DCF법)으로 산정방법을 일원화해야 한다. 또한 주요 임대료 산정기준이 되는 산정기간, 할인율, 물가상승률 및 임대료 인상률, 임대료 산정물량, TEU당 매출단가, 인건비 등의 제반 운영비용을 표준화해야 한다. 신설부두에 대해서는 표준화된 임대료 산정체계를 그대로 적용할 수 있으나, 기존부두에 대해서는 특히 임대료 산정물량, 투자비 및 재투자비, 장비 및 시설유지비 등을 신설부두와 달리 적용해야 한다. 표준화된 임대료 산정체계를 도입할 경우 임대료 산정체계의 객관성과 일관성은 물론 부두간 임대료 수준의 형평성을 도모할 수 있다. 또한 표준화된 임대료 산정체계를 도입하여 임대인의 투자비회수 관점과 운영사의 운영수지보전 관점 임대료 수준을 동시에 고려한 적정 임대료를 산정함으로써 임대 차인 간 이익의 균형을 도모할 수 있다. 본 연구는 컨테이너부두 임대료 산정체계의 표준화에 관한 초기의 연구라는 점에서 학술적인 의의와 실무적인 기여가 있을 것으로 기대된다. 향후 운영비용 추정 및 적정 운영원가 산정을 위한 비용함수 및 활동기준원가계산(activity based costing) 방식의 도입, 임대료 산정물량의 적정화를 위한 과학적 기법 도입 등 보다 다양한 시각이나 방법론으로 후속 연구가 이루어지기를 기대한다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.555-562
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• 2009

컨테이너 터미널의 주요 생산성 지표는 안벽에서의 작업 효율성이라 할 수 있다. 안벽에서는 Q/C(Quay Crane)이라는 장비가 접안 선박의 컨테이너를 하역한다. Q/C의 작업 생산성을 높이기 위해서는 좀 더 효율적인 Y/T(Yard Tractor)운영 방식이 필요하다. 기존 작업 방식(싱글 사이클)에서는 양하작업 이후 적하 작업이 이루어진다. 듀얼 사이클이란 양하작업과 적하 작업을 동시에 함으로써 안벽 생산성과 야드 트랙터의 이용률을 높이는 방법이다. 터미널에서 듀얼 사이클의 도입은 추가적인 장비의 도입 없이 운영에서의 변화만을 요구한다. 즉, 기존의 dedicate 시스템에서 pooling 시스템으로의 변화가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 듀얼 사이클을 이용하는 항만에서의 작업 효율성을 증대시키기 위한 선적 계획 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 이 문제를 풀기위해 유전 알고리즘과 타부서치를 제시하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2018

Purpose - In order to gain the upper hand in competition between container terminals, efforts to improve container terminal productivity continue. Export containers arrive randomly in the container terminal and are carried in the container terminal yard according to the arrival order. On the other hand, containers are carried out of the container terminal yard in order based on container weight, not in order of arrival. Because the carry-in order and the carry-out order are different, rehandling may occur, which reduces the performance of the container terminals. In order to reduce rehandling number, containers can be moved in advance when they arrive, which is called preprocessing. This paper proposes an effective preprocessing algorithm and analyzes the factors that affect the productivity of the container terminals. It also provides a way to choose the best factors for preprocessing for a variety of situations. Research design, data, and methodology - To analyze the impact of factors affecting the performance of preprocessing algorithms presented in this paper, simulations are performed. The simulations are performed for two types of bays, 12 stacks with 8 tiers, and 8 stacks with 6 tiers. Results - The results of the factor analysis that affects the performance of the preprocessing algorithm were as follows. (1) As the LMF increased, preprocessing number increases and rehandling number decreased. (2) The LML effect was greatest when the LML changed from 0 to 1, and that the effect decreased when it changed above 1. (3) The sum of preprocessing number and rehandling number was then shown to be increased after decrease, as the LMF increased. (4) In the case of NCI, a decrease in NCI showed that the containers would become more grouped and thus the performance was improved. (5) There was a positive effect in the case of EFS. Conclusion - In this paper, preprocessing algorithm was proposed and it was possible to choose the best factors for preprocessing for a variety of situations through simulations. Further research related to this study needs to be carried out in the following topic : a study on the improvement of container performance by connecting the preprocessing with remarshalling.