• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.34
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• pp.29-56
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• 2012

Since 2011, 148 public institutions (including the central administrative agencies) have been moving to the provinces. First of all, the Prime Minister's Office began to be relocated to Sejong City on 14 Sep, 2012, followed by 6 central administrative agencies and their cooperative agencies are planned to move there. With regard to public institutions' relocation, the issue of record centers' relocation should be also considered. In respect that there is lack of facilities, manpower, and equipment in most record centers, it is doubtable whether the relocation of record centers will end successfully. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current state of record centers and to grasp their issues when they are relocated. The targets are the central administrative agencies which will move in 2012. The data was collected by request of information disclosure and personal contact with record centers. After analyzing collected data, both the issues caused by relocation and the cases of environment improvement were assured. In addition, the improvement of record centers' limitation (ex. The lack of exclusively responsible workers, the shortage of facilities, space and budget etc.) was suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.503-512
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• 2020

Identifying the water circulation status is one of the indispensable processes for watershed management in an urban area. Recently, various water circulation models have been developed to simulate the water circulation, but it takes a lot of time and cost to make a water circulation model that could adapt the characteristics of the watershed. This paper aims to develop a water circulation state estimation model that could easily calculate the status of water circulation in an urban watershed by using multiple linear regression analysis. The study watershed is a watershed in Seoul that applied the impermeable area ratio in 1962 and 2000. And, It was divided into 73 watersheds in order to consider changes in water circulation status according to the urban characteristic factors. The input data of the SHER(Similar Hydrologic Element Response) model, a water circulation model, were used as data for the urban characteristic factors of each watershed. A total of seven factors were considered as urban characteristic factors. Those factors included annual precipitation, watershed area, average land-surface slope, impervious surface ratio, coefficient of saturated permeability, hydraulic gradient of groundwater surface, and length of contact line with downstream block. With significance probabilities (or p-values) of 0.05 and below, all five models showed significant results in estimating the water circulation status such as the surface runoff rate and the evapotranspiration rate. The model that was applied all seven urban characteristics factors, can calculate the most similar results such as the existing water circulation model. The water circulation estimation model developed in this study is not only useful to simply estimate the water circulation status of ungauged watersheds but can also provide data for parameter calibration and validation.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.543-552
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• 2022

When frost occurs, crops are directly damaged. When crops come into contact with low temperatures, tissues freeze, which hardens and destroys the cell membranes or chloroplasts, or dry cells to death. In July 2020, a sudden sub-zero weather and frost hit the Minas Gerais state of Brazil, the world's largest coffee producer, damaging about 30% of local coffee trees. As a result, coffee prices have risen significantly due to the damage, and farmers with severe damage can produce coffee only after three years for crops to recover, which is expected to cause long-term damage. In this paper, we tried to predict frost using frost generation data and weather observation data provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration to prevent severe frost. A model was constructed by reflecting weather factors such as wind speed, temperature, humidity, precipitation, and cloudiness. Using XGB(eXtreme Gradient Boosting), SVM(Support Vector Machine), Random Forest, and MLP(Multi Layer perceptron) models, various hyper parameters were applied as training data to select the best model for each model. Finally, the results were evaluated as accuracy(acc) and CSI(Critical Success Index) in test data. XGB was the best model compared to other models with 90.4% ac and 64.4% CSI, followed by SVM with 89.7% ac and 61.2% CSI. Random Forest and MLP showed similar performance with about 89% ac and about 60% CSI.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.603-609
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• 2022

Passivation quality is mainly governed by epitaxial growth of crystalline silicon wafer surface. Void-rich intrinsic a-Si:H interfacial layer could offer higher resistivity of the c-Si surface and hence a better device efficiency as well. To reduce the resistivity of the contact area, a modification of void-rich intrinsic layer of a-Si:H towards more ordered state with a higher density is adopted by adapting its thickness and reducing its series resistance significantly, but it slightly decreases passivation quality. Higher resistance is not dominated by asymmetric effects like different band offsets for electrons or holes. In this study, multilayer of intrinsic a-Si:H layers were used. The first one with a void-rich was a-Si:H(I₁) and the next one a-SiO_x:H(I₂) were used, where a-SiO_x:H(I₂) had relatively larger band gap of ~2.07 eV than that of a-Si:H (I₁). Using a-SiO_x:H as I₂ layer was expected to increase transparency, which could lead to an easy carrier transport. Also, higher implied voltage than the conventional structure was expected. This means that the a-SiO_x:H could be a promising material for a high-quality passivation of c-Si. In addition, the i-a-SiO_x:H microstructure can help the carrier transportation through tunneling and thermal emission.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 2022

Dam slope RIM is a highly important contact interface where the main body and the base surface are connected. In general, when the grouting for the slope of the dam structure is designed, it is planned using limited data (drilling, geological map, etc.). This makes it very difficult to accurately consider the original ground characteristics of the slope RIM grouting target, In addition, when the grouting volume planned during the design is drilled and injected into the original ground where the waterstop is secured, there is a possibility that the original ground with the waterstop is disturbed and the effect of the waterstop is rather diminished. In order to overcome such problems, it is more suitable to first consider geological conditions and determine whether to perform optimal grouting on the original ground through on-site repair tests before performing RIM grouting. In this paper, to determine the grouting of the RIM unit, a pilot hole water pressure test was performed on the rock of the slope in the target section. The analysis shows grouting volume of 1 Lugeon or less, and the cement injection amount also shows the injection result of 1 kg/m or less. In this case, performing grouting is rather counterproductive. This result can be evaluated through a rock of which some degree of order of mass is secured, as it is a dam design standard of 1 Lugeon or less when analyzed, using the results of visual observation and geological map creation during slope cutting. Therefore, in conclusion, it is preferable to make the decision for using RIM grouting on the slope of the dam body structure, based on 1 Lugeon in a rock state, and the cement injection amount also at 1 kg/m.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.805-822
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• 2009

This study aims to investigate the mental health level of the elderly people living alone and examine the difference in mental health level by socio-demographic factors and analyze the factors impacting on mental health level. The study subjects were 131 elderly people living alone who lived in "G" city. Symptom Check List-90-Revision(SCL-90-R) was used to measure mental health level. The results of this study were as follows. First, the study subjects' mental health level(3.53, 5 rating scale) was very severe and this means the mental health level of elderly people living alone is more severe than the mental health level of general elderly people. The study subjects showed depression symptom most seriously and also had severe somatization symptom. Second, there was significant difference in mental health level by gender and education level among socio-demographic factors. Third, in the final regression model, statistically significant factors impacting on the mental health level of the elderly people living alone were life satisfaction, ADL, IADL, welfare service support, informal support, contact frequency with children, duration of living alone, subjective state of economy. And comprehensive(macro and micro) implications were recommended.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2010

The Jurassic Daebo Ogcheon granite is distributed in the Ogcheon area which is located in the central part of the Ogcheon Belt, Korea. This paper newly examines the timing of Honam shearing on the basis of the petrofabric researches on the deformation structures of the Ogcheon granite. The structural shape of Ogcheon granite is mainly characterized by a wedge shaped of E-W trend and an elongate shape of ENE trend in geological map and by contacts parallel to the regional S1 foliation in the host Ogcheon supergroup. It indicates that the pluton was permittedly emplaced after the S1 formation. The main deformation structures are marked by a solid-state tectonic foliation of N-S trend, which passes through the contact of the pluton, and by an aplitic dyke of E-W trend, and by sinistral, NW and E-W oriented shear zones on the eastern border of the pluton. The petrofabric study on the main deformation structures suggests that the tectonic foliation and the aplitic dyke were formed by the Honam dextral strike-slip shearing of (N)NE trend at ca. $500{\sim}450^{\circ}C$ deformation temperature, and that the sinistral shear zones could be induced by the dextral rotation of the pluton from its original site of intrusion, that is, by the shear strain which is due to sliding of the pluton past the host rocks. The history of emplacement and deformation of the Ogcheon granite and the previous results on the timing of Honam shearing would be newly established and reviewed as follows. (1) Early~Middle Jurassic(187~170 Ma); intrusion of syntectonic foliated granite related to Early Honam shearing, (2) Middle Jurassic(175~166 Ma); main magmatic period of Jurassic granitoids, the permitted emplacement of the Ogcheon granite, (3) Middle~Late Jurassic(168~152 Ma); main cooling period of Jurassic granitoids, the deformation of the Ogcheon granite related to Late Honam shearing. Thus, this study proposes that the Honam shear movement would occur two times at least during 187~152 Ma (ca. 35 Ma) through the intertectonic phase of 175~166 Ma.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.157-167
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• 2021

Lead (Pb) is one of the key trace elements, exhibiting a peculiar partitioning behavior into silicate melts in contact with minerals. Partitioning behaviors of Pb between silicate mineral and melt have been known to depend on melt composition and thus, the atomic structures of corresponding silicate liquids. Despite the importance, detailed structural studies of Pb-bearing silicate melts are still lacking due to experimental difficulties. Here, we explored the effect of lead content on the atomic structures, particularly the evolution of silicate networks in Pb-bearing sodium metasilicate ([(PbO)_x(Na₂O)_1-x]·SiO₂) glasses as a model system for trace metal bearing natural silicate melts, using ²⁹Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. As the PbO content increases, the ²⁹Si peak widths increase, and the maximum peak positions shift from -76.2, -77.8, -80.3, -81.5, -84.6, to -87.7 ppm with increasing PbO contents of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.67, 0.86, and 1, respectively. The ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectra for the glasses were simulated with Gaussian functions for Qⁿ species (SiO₄ tetrahedra with n BOs) for providing quantitative resolution. The simulation results reveal the evolution of each Qⁿ species with varying PbO content. Na-endmember Na₂SiO₃ glass consists of predominant Q² species together with equal proportions of Q¹ and Q³. As Pb replaces Na, the fraction of Q² species tends to decrease, while those for Q¹ and Q³ species increase indicating an increase in disproportionation among Qⁿ species. Simulation results on the ²⁹Si NMR spectrum showed increases in structural disorder and chemical disorder as evidenced by an increase in disproportionation factor with an increase in average cation field strengths of the network modifying cations. Changes in the topological and configurational disorder of the model silicate melt by Pb imply an intrinsic origin of macroscopic properties such as element partitioning behavior.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.169-189
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• 2006

In 2007, KSLV(Korea Small Launching Vehicle) that we made at Goheung National Space Center is going to launch and promotes of our space exploration systematically and 'Space Exploration Promotion Act' was enter into force. 'Space Exploration Promotion Act' article 3, section 1, as is prescribing "Korean government keeps the space treaties contracted with other countries and international organizations and pursues after peaceful uses of outer space." The representative international treaties are Outer Space Treaty (1967) and Liability Convention (1972) etc. In Liability convention article 2, "A launching State shall be absolutely liable to pay compensation for damage caused by its space object on the surface of the earth or to aircraft in flight. The important content of the art. 2 is the responsible entity is the 'State' not the 'Company'. According by Korean Space Exploration Act art. 14, person who launches space objects according to art. 8 and art. 11 must bear the liability for damages owing to space accidents of the space objects. Could Korean government apply the Products Liability Act which is enter into force from July 1, 2002 to space launching person? And what is the contact type between Korea Aerospace Research Institute(KARl) and Russia manufacturer. Is that a Co-Development contract or Licence Product contract? And there is no exemption clause to waive the Russia manufacturer's liability which we could find it from other similar contract condition. If there is no exemption clause to the Russia manufacturer, could we apply the Korean Products Liability Act to Russia one? The most important legal point is whether we could apply the Korean Products Liability Act to the main component company. According by the art. 17 of the contract between KARl and the company, KARl already apply the Products Liability Act to the main component company. For reference, we need to examine the Appalachian Insurance co. v. McDonnell Douglas case, this case is that long distance electricity communication satellite of Western Union Telegraph company possessions fails on track entry. In Western Union's insurance company supplied to Western Union with insurance of $ 105 millions, which has the satellite regard as entirely damage. Five insurance companies -Appalachian insurance company, Commonwealth insurance company, Industrial Indemnity, Mutual Marine Office, Northbrook Excess & Surplus insurance company- went to court against McDonnell Douglases, Morton Thiokol and Hitco company to inquire for fault and strict liability of product. By the Appalachian Insurance co. v. McDonnell Douglas case, KARl should waiver the main component's product liability burden. And we could study the possibility of the adapt 'Government Contractor Defense' theory to the main component company.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.239-248
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• 2010

This paper describes a collaborative project between academia and industry which focused on improving the marketing and product development strategies for two private label apparel brands of a large regional department store chain in the southeastern United States. The goal of the project was to revitalize product lines of the two brands by incorporating student ideas for new solutions, thereby giving the students practical experience with a real-life industry situation. There were a number of key players involved in the project. A privately-owned department store chain based in the southeastern United States which was seeking an academic partner had recognized a need to update two existing private label brands. They targeted middle-aged consumers looking for casual, moderately priced merchandise. The company was seeking to change direction with both packaging and presentation, and possibly product design. The branding and product development divisions of the company contacted professors in an academic department of a large southeastern state university. Two of the professors agreed that the task would be a good fit for their classes - one was a junior-level Intermediate Brand Management class; the other was a senior-level Fashion Product Development class. The professors felt that by working collaboratively on the project, students would be exposed to a real world scenario, within the security of an academic learning environment. Collaboration within an interdisciplinary team has the advantage of providing experiences and resources beyond the capabilities of a single student and adds "brainpower" to problem-solving processes (Lowman 2000). This goal of improving the capabilities of students directed the instructors in each class to form interdisciplinary teams between the Branding and Product Development classes. In addition, many universities are employing industry partnerships in research and teaching, where collaboration within temporal (semester) and physical (classroom/lab) constraints help to increase students' knowledge and experience of a real-world situation. At the University of Tennessee, the Center of Industrial Services and UT-Knoxville's College of Engineering worked with a company to develop design improvements in its U.S. operations. In this study, Because should be lower case b with a private label retail brand, Wickett, Gaskill and Damhorst's (1999) revised Retail Apparel Product Development Model was used by the product development and brand management teams. This framework was chosen because it addresses apparel product development from the concept to the retail stage. Two classes were involved in this project: a junior level Brand Management class and a senior level Fashion Product Development class. Seven teams were formed which included four students from Brand Management and two students from Product Development. The classes were taught the same semester, but not at the same time. At the beginning of the semester, each class was introduced to the industry partner and given the problem. Half the teams were assigned to the men's brand and half to the women's brand. The teams were responsible for devising approaches to the problem, formulating a timeline for their work, staying in touch with industry representatives and making sure that each member of the team contributed in a positive way. The objective for the teams was to plan, develop, and present a product line using merchandising processes (following the Wickett, Gaskill and Damhorst model) and develop new branding strategies for the proposed lines. The teams performed trend, color, fabrication and target market research; developed sketches for a line; edited the sketches and presented their line plans; wrote specifications; fitted prototypes on fit models, and developed final production samples for presentation to industry. The branding students developed a SWOT analysis, a Brand Measurement report, a mind-map for the brands and a fully integrated Marketing Report which was presented alongside the ideas for the new lines. In future if the opportunity arises to work in this collaborative way with an existing company who wishes to look both at branding and product development strategies, classes will be scheduled at the same time so that students have more time to meet and discuss timelines and assigned tasks. As it was, student groups had to meet outside of each class time and this proved to be a challenging though not uncommon part of teamwork (Pfaff and Huddleston, 2003). Although the logistics of this exercise were time-consuming to set up and administer, professors felt that the benefits to students were multiple. The most important benefit, according to student feedback from both classes, was the opportunity to work with industry professionals, follow their process, and see the results of their work evaluated by the people who made the decisions at the company level. Faculty members were grateful to have a "real-world" case to work with in the classroom to provide focus. Creative ideas and strategies were traded as plans were made, extending and strengthening the departmental links be tween the branding and product development areas. By working not only with students coming from a different knowledge base, but also having to keep in contact with the industry partner and follow the framework and timeline of industry practice, student teams were challenged to produce excellent and innovative work under new circumstances. Working on the product development and branding for "real-life" brands that are struggling gave students an opportunity to see how closely their coursework ties in with the real-world and how creativity, collaboration and flexibility are necessary components of both the design and business aspects of company operations. Industry personnel were impressed by (a) the level and depth of knowledge and execution in the student projects, and (b) the creativity of new ideas for the brands.