• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2011

Boiler efficiency has a direct impact on energy consumptions, which results in lower cost of operations and services. Usually high efficiency boilers are regarded as boilers with an efficiency of greater than 90%. However, it is likely that normal boilers are running at significantly lower efficiencies than this. This paper presents a process of developing a highly efficient energy consumption boiler. We adopt direct heat method while normal boilers are designed as indirect heat method. The submerged combustion method is considered to design for very high efficient boiler.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.27-28
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• 2003

It is widely accepted that free-radical induced oxidative damages are involved in pathogenic processes of major diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. A number of epidemiological studies have indicated that frequent consumptions of plant foods rich in antioxidants reduce the risk of developing cancer and cardiovascular diseases, while many intervention trials have failed to prove the protective role of major dietary antioxidants.(omitted)

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.618-620
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• 2003

This paper presents a software for cost-effectiveness evaluation of DSM programs (Dsm-Lite). The presented software can help the users to analyze the energy consumptions and peak reductions of DSM programs, evaluate the cost effectiveness for TRC and RIM, and identify the benefits and the costs for each Test. The Dsm-Lite software can also provide the effective information on avoided costs, electric rates, and rebates by year etc.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.426-428
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• 2003

This paper presents the cost-effectiveness evaluation of DSM programs. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the energy consumptions and peak reductions of DSM programs, evaluate the cost effectiveness for each DSM program, and identify the benefits and the costs for each California Test. The proposed approach is applicable to DSM programs post-conducting in Korea.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.44-47
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose context-aware based on Low Power Sensing Algorithm. The proposed sensing algorithm reduces power consumptions using low-power sensing algorithms and low-power sensing protocols. Experimental results show that the average power consumption of the proposed method is up to half consumption that of the conventional method.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2007

전력-종속 데이터 반전 기법(power-dependant data inversion: PDI)을 이용하는 저전력 PRAM을 제안하였다. PRAM은 많은 쓰기 전류를 오랜 시간동안 필요로 하기 때문에 많은 쓰기 전력을 소모하게 되고, #1#과 #0#을 저장하는데 사용하는 전력이 다르다. PDI는 이런 특성을 이용하여 원본 데이터와 반전된 데이터를 저장하기 위해 필요한 전력을 비교한 후, 전력을 적게 소모하는 데이터를 저장한다. PDI 기법은 각 데이터마다 추가적인 반전 비트를 사용 하지만, 기존의 쓰기 기법과 비교하여 최대전력과 평균전력을 각각 50%와 37.5% 이하로 크게 줄일 수 있다. 8bit 데이터를 저장하기 위한 평균 전력은 반전 비트의 영향으로 41%이하가 된다. 128$\times$8bits 1K-bit PRAM 칩을 0.5${\mu}m$ GST 셀을 갖는 0.8${\mu}m$ CMOS 공정으로 구현하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2013

This study investigates the impact of exercises, coffee intakes, and physical trainings on fuel utilization in rats. Ninety-six rats were fed a control diet with either water (C) or coffee (CF; 0.12 g freeze-dried instant coffee/100 g body weight/d). Additionally, the animals go through physical training (TC and TCF) or no training (NTC and NTCF) for 4 weeks. For physical training, animals have to exercise on treadmills for 30 minutes (5 d per week, $15^{\circ}$ incline, 0.5-0.8 km/h). At the end of week 4, the animals in each group were subdivided into three exercise groups: before exercise (BE), during exercise (DE), and after exercise (AE). The DE rats exercised on treadmills for 1 hour immediately before being sacrificed. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, glycogen, protein, triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels in the plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle of the rats were compared accordingly. Organ weights were also measured. Coffee-training interaction had a significant impact on heart weight, visceral fat, hemoglobin, hematocrit, liver glycogen in DE and AE, and liver triglyceride in DE and AE. Exercise (meaning exercised on a treadmill for 1 hour immediately before being sacrificed) training interaction was significant in liver glycogen, muscle glycogen in control diet and control diet with coffee, FFA and muscle TG levels at control diet with coffee group. Exercise-coffee interactions significantly influenced the FFA with no training groups. Exercise-coffee-training interaction significantly effects on FFA, Liver TG and Muscle TG. Coffee intakes can increase lipolysis during exercising but coffee consumptions delay the recovery of liver glycogen levels in trained rats after exercising. Coffee intakes can increase lipolysis during exercising but coffee consumptions delay the recovery of liver glycogen levels in trained rats after exercising. Coffee can be an effective ergogenic aid during exercise for physically trained rats.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.229-244
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• 1998

This study was performed to determine proper fan and heater management schemes for natural air drying of rough rice in round steel bin with stirring device under Korean weather conditions. A computer simulation model was developed to predict moisture content changes, energy requirements, and drymatter losses during drying of rough rice by natural air. Drying test was conducted to validate the simulation model using round steel bin of holding capacity of 300ton at Rice Processing Complex in Jincheon. The bin was filled with rough rice every day and mixing by stirring device. Moisture contents, ambient air temperatures, relative humidities, static pressures in plenum chamber in the bin, airflow rates, and electrical and fuel energy were measured. Relative errors of moisture content changes predicted by the simulation model were below 5ft, and relative errors of final moisture content, final grain weight, required energy ranged from 0.9% to 6%. These not levels indicated that the simulation model can satisfactorily predict the performance factors of natural air drying system such as drying rates and energr consumptions comparing error level of 10% to 15% in other drying simulation models generally used in dryer desists. Twelve different fan and heater management schemes were evaluated using the computer simulation model based on three hourly weather data from Suweon for the period of 1952-1994. The best management schemes were selected comparing the drymatter losses, required drying times, required energy consumptions. Operating fan without heating only when ambient relative humidity was below 85% or 90% appeared to be the most effective method of In operation in favorable drying weather. Under adverse drying climates or to reduce required drying time, operating fan continuously, and heating air with $1.5^{\circ}C$ temperature rise only when ambient relative humidity was over 85% appeared to be the most suitable method.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.192-197
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The body composition changes in aging increased the risk of metabolic disorder. Recent dietary studies have increasingly focused on the correlations between dietary patterns and chronic diseases to overcome the limitations of traditional single-nutrient studies because nutrients in food have complex relations that interact. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted to classify a dietary pattern among Korean elderly using cluster analysis and to explore the relationships between dietary patterns and body composition changes in Korean elderly aged 65 years or older. The study subjects (n=1,435) were individuals who participated in the Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) in 2011. RESULTS: There were three dietary patterns derived by cluster analysis in this study: 'Traditional Korean' (37.49% of total population), 'Meat and Alcohol' (19.65%) and 'Westernized Korean' (42.86%). The (1) 'Traditional Korean' pattern was characterized by high consumptions of white rice and low protein, low fat, and low milk products, while (2) 'Westernized Korean' pattern ate a Korean-style diet base with various foods such as noodles, bread, eggs and milk, (3) 'Meat and Alcohol' pattern had high consumptions of meat and alcohol. In body composition changes, compared with the 'Traditional Korean' pattern, the 'Meat & alcohol' pattern was associated with a 50% increased risk of having elevated BMI ($kg/m^2$), 'Westernized Korean' pattern was associated with a 74% increased abnormality of ASM/Wt (kg) by logistics analysis. Most of the Korean adult population continues to follow ether a traditional Korean having beneficial effects for successful aging. However, the 'Traditional Korean' pattern showed low protein intake (0.7 g/kg), calcium intake, and vitamin D intake as well as low of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM (kg)) among 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the low ASM, consumption of protein, calcium and vitamin D should be increased for Korean elderly health body composition.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2011

Because excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages may reduce the quality of nutritional intake, this study examined the consumption patterns of commercial beverages, lifestyle, dietary habits, and perception of sweet taste. Participants were 407 male university students in Kyeooggido, Korea, and information was collected by self-administered questionnaire. Among them, 58 nonsmokers volunteered to participate in the taste test. Participants were divided into three groups according to the frequency of commercial beverage consumptions: 120 rare (< 1 serving/week), 227 moderate (1-3 servings/week) and 133 frequent (> 3 servings/week) consumption groups. More subjects from the rare consumption group chose water, tea, and soy milk, and more from the frequent consumption group chose carbonated soft drinks and coffee (P=0.031) as their favorite drinks. Frequent consumption group consumed fruit juice, coffee, and sports and carbonated soft drinks significantly more often (P=0.002, P=0.000, P=0.000, respectively), but not milk and tea. Frequent consumption group consumed beverages casually without a specific occasion (P=0.000) than rare consumption group. Frequent drinking of commercial beverages was associated with frequent snacking (P=0.002), meal skipping (P=0.006), eating out (P=0.003), eating delivered foods (P=0.000), processed foods (P=0.001), and sweets (P=0.002), and drinking alcoholic beverages (P=0.029). Frequent consumption group tended to have a higher threshold of sweet taste without reaching statistical significance. The results provide information for developing strategies for evidence-based nutrition education program focusing on reducing consumption of unnecessary sugar-sweetened commercial beverages.