• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.76-80
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• 1999

Power consumption, mesh size, moisture content, color difference, amylogram of rice flour milled with the water soaked rice were compared with that of rice using dry pin mill process. The rice was soaked in 23, 24, 25, 26% of water for 10hr, independently. The more rice had moisture content, the less power consumption was needed. Power consumption to mill the rice soaked in 25% of water was less than that of dry rice by 6.8kW/100Kg. Moisture content of rice flour from the rice soaked with 25% of water was 2% higher than that of rice flour from the rice soaked with 23% of, water. Population of flour particle from the rice soaked with 24-25% of water was 45.7∼46.25 of 60 mesh, 9.7∼10.4% of 80∼100 mesh and 7.7∼8.1% of 100 mesh. Gelatinization temperature of rice flour from the rice soaked with 23% and 24∼25% of water was 65.70C and 64.50C, independently. Temperature of rice flour from the rice soaked with 23% 24∼25% of water sith minimum viscosity was 85.50C and 88.4∼88.70C, independently. Brightness and whiteness of the rice flour from the rice soaked with 24∼25% of water were 95.90∼95.95 and 905.82∼95.94, independently. Brightness and whiteness of the rice flour from the soaked rice were 1.2 and 1.7 higher than that of rice flour from the dry rice, independently.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.908-912
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• 2013

Because of their longer operating times and larger size relative to conventional fans, the cooling fans mounted in buses consume larger amounts of energy. Most of the cooling fans mounted in a bus are connected to the engine by a viscous clutch. A viscous cooling fan's speed is determined by its fluid temperature, which is affected by the air flow through the radiator. The fan does not react immediately to the coolant temperature and in doing so causes unnecessary energy consumption. Therefore, the fuel economy of buses using viscous fans can be improved by changing to an electric cooling fan design, which can be actively controlled. In addition, electric power consumption is increased by using electric cooling fans. Thus, when electric fans are applied in conjunction with the alternator management system (AMS), the fuel economy is further enhanced. In this study, simulations were performed to predict coolant temperature and cooling fan speeds. Simulations were performed for both viscous and electric cooling fans, and power consumption was calculated. Additionally, fuel economy was calculated applying both the alternator management system and the electric cooling fan.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.79-86
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a new clustering scheme that provides optimal data aggregation effect and reduces energy consumption of nodes by considering the density of nodes when forming clusters. Since the size of the cluster is determined to ensure optimal data aggregation rate, our scheme reduces transmission range and minimizes interference between clusters. Moreover, by clustering using locally adjacent nodes and aggregating data received from cluster members, we reduce energy consumption of nodes. Through simulation, we confirmed that energy consumption of the whole network is minimized and the sensor network life-time is extended. Moreover, we show that the proposed clustering scheme improves the performance of network compared to previous LEACH clustering scheme.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2012

An explanatory survey was conducted to assess preference and consumption pattern of horticultural species, their sources, location-wise planting preferences and diversity of these species in the rural homestead forest of the offshore island of Bangladesh. Assessment was done through multistage random sampling. Based on homestead size respondents were categorized into small (<0.05 ha), medium (0.05-0.25 ha) and large (>0.25 ha) and twenty from each category were selected randomly for the study. The study revealed that most of the farmer (75.5%) preferred to plant fruit tree species for future plantation followed by timber species (62.2%). But fruit-bearing plants were being gradually replaced by some exotic timber species such as Swietenia mahagoni, Acacia auriculiformis, Tectona grandis, Eucalyptus spp., etc. Diversity and abundance of fruit species was found higher in almost all homestead. A total of 41 horticultural species were identified and seven horticultural species among them were recognized as the most preferred ones in the study area. Consumption pattern was chiefly to meet the nutritional demand and to gain a quick monetary benefit. Average annual income from horticultural species was 7,183.33 Taka (US$102).

• Advances in Automotive Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.105-121
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• 2018

The hybrid electric powertrain is a robust solution that allows for major improvements in both fuel economy and emission reduction. In the present study, a through-the-road hybrid vehicle model with an electric motor driving the rear axle and an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) driving the front axle has been constructed. We then present a systematic method for the determination of a real time applicable optimal Energy Management Strategy (EMS) for a hybrid road vehicle. More precisely, we compare the performance of rule-based EMS strategies to an optimization-based strategy, namely ECMS (Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy). The comparison is conducted in parallel with a parameterization of the size of the internal combustion engine and the implementation of a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) that allows following the line of best fuel economy. For the FTP-75 driving cycle, the constrained engine On-off control algorithm is shown to offer a 28% improvement potential of fuel consumption compared to the conventional internal combustion engine while the ECMS strategy achieves an improved potential of nearly 33%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2020

In actual seawater desalination plant, the pressure loss due to frictional force of pipe is about 3~5 bar. Also, the pressure loss at pipe connection about 1~3 bar. Therefore, the total pressure loss in the pipe is expected to be about 4~8 bar, which translates into 0.111 to 0.222 kWh/㎥ of energy when converted into the Specific Energy Consumption(SEC). Reducing energy consumption is the most important factor in ensuring the economics of seawater desalination processes, but pressure loss in piping is often not considered in plant design. It is difficult to prevent pressure loss due to friction inside the pipe, but pressure loss at the pipe connection can be reduced by proper pipe design. In this study, seawater desalination plant piping analysis was performed using a commercial network program. The pressure loss and SEC for each case were calculated and compared by seawater desalination plant size.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.248-254
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• 2013

The size and power consumption of digital circuits including the dimming circuit part will increase for high-performance solid state lighting (SSL) systems in the future. This study examined the low-power consumption of adiabatic dynamic CMOS logic (ADCL) due to the principles of adiabatic charging. Furthermore, the designed low-power ADCL digital pulse width modulation (PWM) was optimized for SSL dimming systems. For this purpose, an ADCL digital 3-bit PWM was optimized in two steps. In the first step, the architecture of the ADCL digital 3-bit PWM was miniaturized. In the second step, the clock cut-off circuit was designed and added to the ADCL PWM. As a result, compared to the original configuration, 60 transistors and 15 capacitors of ADCL digital 3-bit PWM were reduced for miniaturization. Moreover, the clock cut-off circuit, which controls wake-up and sleep mode of ADCL D-FFs, was designed. The power consumption of an optimized ADCL digital PWM for all bit patterns decreased by 54 %.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.65-72
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• 2018

In this paper, we used LSTM as a method to detect abnormal behavior of motors. We fixed the high layout size to 1 and changed the range of the input values and the neural network structure to see what change in power consumption prediction. Now, as the fourth industrial revolution era, smart factories are attracting attention. All the physical actions of smart factories are done using motors. Continuous monitoring of motor malfunctions helps to detect malfunctions and efficient operation. However, it is difficult to acquire the power consumption constantly due to the influence of the noise. We have experimented with a simple experimental environment, a method of predicting similarity to input data by adjusting the range of the input data or by changing the neural network structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.725-736
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to identify the dimensions of consumers' dissatisfaction with dress shoes when purchase and while using them, and to examine the differences in dissatisfaction factors among consumers grouped by age, occupation and purchasing characteristics. A questionnaire consisted of 86 consumer's dissatisfaction statements with purchasing and using women's dress shoes was developed after conducting 3 pilot tests, and administered to 5BO women in age between 20 and 60 years residing in Seoul and the metropolitan areas in June, 1997, 457 were used for data analysis. Ten factors of dissatisfaction with the women's dress shoes when buying them were identified: attitudes of salespersons, bargain sales, variety of styles, store environment, inconvenience in using girt certificates, fashion. advertisement, display, design, and size. During purchase stage, consumers grouped by demographic characteristics and purchase behaviors showed significant differences in design, attitudes of salespersons, store environment, and selected dissatisfaction factors. Nine dissatisfaction factors with using dress shoes were identified: physical discomfort, after-service, distort of shape, low quality, surface defects, suede/ wearing out, fit, inferiority of color and texture/walking discomforts. During consumption stage, consumers with different demographic characteristics and purchase behaviors were found significantly different in physical discomfort, fit, and selected dissatisfaction factors.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.483-491
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• 2021

Purpose: Obesity has become a very significant health problem in childhood. Fructose taken in an uncontrolled manner and consumed in excessive amounts is rapidly metabolized in the body and gets converted into fatty acids. This single center prospective case-control study aims to investigate the relationship between fructose consumption and obesity and the role of fructose consumption in development of atherosclerotic diseases. Methods: A total of 40 obese and 40 healthy children who were of similar ages (between 8 and 18 years) and sexes were included in the study. In the patient and control groups, the urine fructose levels, as well as the levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), small dense LDL, Apolipoprotein A and Apolipoprotein B values, which have been shown to play a role in development of atherosclerotic diseases, were measured. Results: The levels of oxidized LDL and small dense LDL and the ratio of Apolipoprotein A/Apolipoprotein B were found to be significantly higher in the patient group. Conclusion: We found that urinary fructose levels were higher in the obese children than the healthy children. Our results suggest that overconsumption of fructose in children triggers atherogenic diseases by increasing the levels of small dense LDL and oxidized LDL and the ratio of Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A.