• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2004

In this thesis, a modified interpolation-2 6-bit 70MHz ADC is proposed minimizing chip area and power consumption, which includes an error correction circuit. The conventional flash ADC without interpolation comparators suffers from large chip area and more power consumption due to 2n resistors and 2n-1 comparators. Although the flash ADC with interpolation-4 comparators has small area, SNR, INL and DNL are degraded by comparison with the interpolation -2 comparator. We fabricated the proposed 6-bit ADC with interpolation-2 comparators using 0.18${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ CMOS process. The ADC is composed of 32-resistors, 31 comparators, amplifiers, latches, error correction circuit, thermometer code detector and encoder As the results, power consumption is reduced to 40mW at 3.3V which is saving about 50% than a flash ADC without interpolation comparators, and area is reduced by 20%. SNR is increased by 75% in comparison with that of a flash ADC with interpolation-4 comparators.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.637-645
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• 2019

Global warming and a new energy policy request the energy saving and pollutant emission control in municipal level. Previous studies focus on transportation in the Seoul metropolitan area which can easily meet the policy goal by reducing it. This study expands the area of urban energy planning to the industries and land use which takes up most of energy use of the city. We empirically study the Busan metropolitan area's 5 years natural gas and electricity consumption data by the industries and land use. Results show that energy usage significantly depends on not only population but also urbanizing intensity and industrial category. This paper address that the policy maker need to pay attention on energy usage pattern of each sectors during the planning.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2012

In this paper, we draws tendency of the electricity consumption in residential buildings according to inhabitants Composition types and the level of incomes. it is necessary to reduce energy cost and keep energy security through the electricity demand forecasting and management technology. Progressive social change such as increases of single household, the aging of society, increases in the income level will replace the existing residential electricity demand pattern. However, Only with conventional methods that using only the energy consumption per-unit area are based on Energy final consumption data can not respond to those social and environmental change. To develop electricity demand estimation model that can cope flexibly to changes in the social and environmental, In this paper researches propensity of electricity consumption according to the type of residents configuration, the level of income. First, we typed form of inhabitants in residential that existed in Korea. after that we calculated hourly electricity consumption for each type through National Time-Use Survey performed at the National Statistical Office with considering overlapping behavior. Household appliances and retention standards according to income level is also considered.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

The consumption of animal flesh food in Ethiopia has associated with cultural practices. Meat plays pivotal and vital parts in special occasions and its cultural symbolic weight is markedly greater than that accorded to most other food. Processing and cooking of poultry is a gender based duty and has socio-cultural roles. Ethiopians are dependent on limited types of animals for meats due to the taboo associated culturally. Moreover, the consumption of meat and meat products has a very tidy association with religious beliefs, and are influenced by religions. The main religions of Ethiopia have their own peculiar doctrines of setting the feeding habits and customs of their followers. They influence meat products consumption through dictating the source animals that should be used or not be used for food, and scheduling the days of the years in periodical permeation and restriction of consumptions which in turn influences the pattern of meat consumption in the country. In Ethiopia, a cow or an ox is commonly butchered for the sole purpose of selling within the community. In special occasions, people have a cultural ceremony of slaughtering cow or ox and sharing among the group, called Kircha, which is a very common option of the people in rural area where access of meat is challenging frequently.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 한국주거학회 2008년 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.261-265
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• 2008

To solve the lack of housing, our country has supplied an enormous volume of apartments, and these days it occupies 75% of our buildings. As apartments occupy most of our housings, the rate of energy usage from them are also high. On this, setting apartment energy reduction as a target, by researching the actual conditions of energy consumption and drawing a basis data, we can apply this as a way of saving energy, rationalization of the scale of energy supply facilities and a standard when planning facilities. To grasp the present condition of energy usage of the urban rental apartment, this research analysed the use of electricity, gas and water monthly and annually of a rental apartment that is located in Daegu. The results showed that in 2003 the electricity usage was 1,198MWh but 1,315MWh in 2007, which means 9% of electricity usage increases every year. The average of water usage was $85,072m^2$ per year and they used $604.2MJ/m^2$ Typical energy consumption unit on $74.4m^2$ of area and $448.8MJ/m^2$ on $105.8m^2$. By showing the usage of energy and water of the urban rental apartment, understanding the tendency and preparing an Typical energy consumption unit standard through this research, apartments should use energy more efficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were study intended to investigate effects of conspicuous consumption, sales promotions and images of the country of manufacture on Chinese consumers' purchasing attitudes to fashion luxury brands. The study was conducted by experimental conspicuous consumption(2)X[types of sales promotions(2) X images of the country of manufacture(2)] design by combining the 3 variables mentioned above. 312 women living in Chengdu were collected for this study. For data analysis, factor analysis, T-test, frequency analysis and ANOVA were used. The results were as follows: First, Chinese consumers' favor to fashion luxury brands: 2-way interactions, in sales promotions and images of the country of manufacture, was found for favor to fashion luxury brands. Second, Chinese consumers' purchase intent to fashion luxury brands: only the main-effects of conspicuous consumption and images of the country of manufacture was meaningfully positive. It demonstrates that only conspicuous consumption and images of the country of manufacture effected Chinese consumers' purchase intent to fashion luxury brands.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2013

Recently, the field of construction is putting a variety of effort into reducing CO2, since global warming is being accelerated due to climate changes and the increase of greenhouse gas. For reduction of CO2 in the field of construction, it is required to make plans to cut down heating energy of buildings and especially, it is urgently needed to cut down energy of residential buildings in rural area where occupies the majority of consumption of petroleum-based energy sources. Therefore, this research compared and analyzed the actual energy consumption, by evaluating energy performance of a detached house applying passive house design components for reduction of energy. As the result, energy consumption showed remarkable differences, according to the operation of a heat recovery ventilation unit which is one of passive house design components, and building energy consumption displayed remarkable differences, too, depending on the difference of airtightness performance during building energy simulation conducted in process of design. Based on these results, the importance of airtightness performance of passive house was verified. The result of the actual measurement of energy consumption demonstrated that LNG was most economical amongst several heat resources yielded, on the basis of LPG source energy consumption measured within a certain period of time, and it was followed by kerosene. LPG was analyzed to have a low economic efficiency, when used for heating.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of food involvement and food neophobia moderating the relationships between vegetable consumption and health concern. The questionnaires with the items to measure constructs of health concern, food involvement, food neophobia and vegetable consumption were completed by 290 subjects in Jeonnam area. Moderated regression analysis was used to measure the relationships between variables. To test validity and reliability of constructs, factor analysis and Cronbach's $\alpha$ were used in this study. Results of the study demonstrated that the result of the analysis of the data also indicated excellent model fit. The main effects and interaction effects of health concern, food involvement and food neophobia on vegetable consumption were statistically significant. Moreover, the effect of health concern on vegetable consumption was statistically significant at all levels of food involvement and food neophobia, except when food involvement and food neophobia were high. The present findings may be particularly relevant to interventions to promote healthy eating among adults.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.109-126
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of price-attitude toward apparel products on shopping values and consumption behavior. The study was carried out in Deagu and Kyungbook area. Applying the convenience sampling, total 326 questionnaire were collected from university students who were randomly selected as participants. This study used frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, and t-test for data analysis. The finding are as follows. Price-attitude toward apparel products was categorized into information leading, price dignity, price discount, list price orientation, quality value and using coupons. Shopping tendency factors were found as pursuit of pleasure, pursuit of sociality, and pursuit of economic feasibility. Consumption behavior factors were categorized into impulsive buying, ostentatious consumption, utilization of internet information, possession of material and brand trust. Price-attitude toward apparel products had a significant effect on shopping values and consumption behavior. University students seemed to consider the value of money to be very important as well as economic feasibility. They utilized information from the internet to buy products with good quality and showed high usage level of coupons. And, university students who buy at a least price tried to show dignity with expensive brand products and they consider those brands express self-confidence.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2013

This paper analyzes determinants of tourist consumption in the case of 2013 Gangneung Dano Festival, based on the multiple regression model. We set 12 determinants of consumption such as income as explanatory variables and consumption expenditure as a dependent variable. Also Five kinds of categorical consumptions are estimated. Main results are the followings. First, income is the most important factor and shows positive effect in tourist consumption. Second, age and metropolitan area influence consumption positively. Third number of participating day and length of stay also influence consumption positively. Fourth, number of accompanying person shows negative effect on consumption. Fifth, male, married person, and lodge with own expense influence consumption positively. Finally, categorical consumption has its specific determinants distinct from common factors This paper can be applied to invent and implement efficient strategies for development in regional economies and tour industries.