• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.218-234
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• 2022

Urbanization is usually followed by changes in eating habits, with a specific trend toward the consumption of ready-to-eat products, such as processed foods. Among the latter, meat products are known contributors to high dietary sodium owing to salt addition. Salt plays an essential role in maintaining the quality of meat products in terms of acceptability and safety. However, an excessive salt intake is linked to high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. Hence, several studies have been competing for the discovery of salt alternatives performing in a similar way as common salt. A number of replacements have been proposed to reduce salt consumption in meat products while taking into account consumer preferences. Unfortunately, these have resulted in poorer product quality, followed by new adverse effects on health. This review addresses these recent issues by illustrating some established approaches and providing insight into further challenges in developing low-salt meat products.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.116-122
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• 2024

The growth of the national economy and the improvement of household consumption have had a profound impact on the design of children's food packaging. As household economic conditions improve, children's consumption needs and habits are becoming more diverse. Especially in the field of children's food, food packaging still plays a key role, not only to protect the freshness and safety of food, but also to create a pleasant and fun emotional atmosphere in the minds of children. The aim of this study is to explore the close link between emotional interaction and the children's food market, and to study approaches to children's food packaging design to provide beneficial insights to promote sales and meet changing consumer needs.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 2018

Southeast Asia is a strategic market for both technology and inspection system to enter simultaneously. At the core market is Vietnam which is know to have the fourth highest registration of motorcycles as of 2016. The Motorcycle Inspection System is a social regulation, furthermore, the impact of the system is delivered through indirect means such as minimization of social cost. Therefore, measurements on the perception of users on the needs for an inspection system serves as valuable data to simultaneously enter this markets. This research is an empirical study on the perception of Vietnamese users on the needs to adopt a motorcycle inspection system based on data collected through surveys and is aimed at conducting a preliminary investigation on consumer behavior in Vietnam. The empirical study conducted through surveys revealed that Vietnamese motorcycle users perceive the needs for an inspection system for maintenance, safe operations and selling used vehicles at a reasonable price. In addition, the study also verified that the safe operations factor has a moderating effect due to interaction between prevention of illegal vehicle and reduction of emission gases. This research results present implications in developing equipment adapted to the local area in order to enter into a strategic market. Moreover, it is expected that the findings will also serve as valuable data for bilateral cooperation between the two countries and the diffusion of technology.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2018

This study was conducted to analyze the microbiological contamination status of raw beef distributed in Korea, and evaluate the suitability of current aerobic plate count (APC) guidelines. We analyzed five years (2010-2014) of microbiological monitoring data obtained from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and investigated the microbiological status of raw beef collected from meat packing centers and meat shops in the Seoul/Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Chungcheong regions in August 2015. From 2010-2014, most raw beef (>94%) displayed APC levels of < $1.0{\times}10^6CFU/g$. However, raw beef samples collected from all three regions in August 2015 had comparatively higher APC levels than those reported in previous years. To evaluate the relationship between the APC level and quality, changes in beef loin were evaluated during cold storage for 15 days at $4^{\circ}C$. On day 11, the mean APC level ($4.7{\times}10^6CFU/g$) conformed to current guidelines in Korea ($1.0{\times}10^7CFU/g$) and the pH value was 5.82. However, the sensory evaluation score for color and overall acceptability was under 3.0, meaning that the beef loin was not acceptable for eating. These results suggest that current APC guideline for raw beef should be lowered to $1.0{\times}10^6CFU/g$ to improve both the microbiological safety and palatability of raw beef.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2001

A survey of consumers'awareness and attitudes about food biotechnology was conducted during May through August of 2001 with a random sample of 750 Korean consumers. More than 70% of the respondents was exposed to some informations related to genetically modified (GM) foods. The greatest benefit of the development of GM foods was thought to be the remedy for the food shortage in the future. More than 90% of Korean consumers wanted GM foods labeled. About 20% of the respondents would buy GM foods voluntarily, whereas over 50% would not until they found out more. More consumers responded that they would not buy herbicide-tolerant GM soybean but buy vitamin-enriched GM soybean. It seemed to be that many Korean consumers do not make decisions of acceptance or rejection of GM floods not on the basis of biotechnology but on the basis of the word(s) used to describe the products, such as herbicide and vitamin. Only 4% of Korean consumers responded that GM foods were the greatest safety-threatening factor of Korean foods and that the most interested information on food labels was whether the food was produced by biotechnology.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 1997

Additives in plastics are capable of migrating from the packaging materials into the foodstuffs, thereby presenting a source of contamination and a potential health risk to the consumer. The migration from packaging materials into foodstuffs is first of all regulated by examining the amounts of global and specific migrated components. Besides, there is worldwide still a need for practical methods for measuring and monitoring migration from polymers, especially for the testing of migration into fatty foodstuffs. Therefore, these studies were undertaken to investigate the safety status of domestic plastic packaging materials with respect to migration. Another objective of this study was to examine the applicability of ethanol as an alternative fatty food simulant substituting for olive oil and n-heptane. The evaporation residues for various dometic plastic samples determined as described in Korean food laws were in the level from 4.3 to 14.5 mg/$\ell$, which were much lower than the limit value of 150 mg/$\ell$. The global migration values into 95 % ethanol showed to be comparable to those into n-heptane, while the olive oil migration values were comparably higher than those into ethanol or n-heptane and moreover they were not reproducible. The kinetic migration begavior of additives in polyolefin samples into 95% ethanol showed a Fickian diffusion process. The results of these studies on global migration and kinetic testings demonstrate that the ethanol could be successfully substitute for the olive oil and n-heptane as an alternative fatty food simulant, at least in contact with polyoefins.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2008

We analyze the HACCP Prerequisites of National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS), Korea Food and Drug Administration(KFDA), and US Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) and recommend contents and ranges to be complemented and used for the preparation of guidelines. We used the HACCP Notice of the Processing Livestock Act, the HACCP Application Manual for Livestock Processing Plants, the HACCP Notice of the Food Sanitation Act, US GPO 9 CFR and 21 CFR, US FSIS Directive 11,000.1, and HACCP-based Inspection reference guide of Consumer Services, North Carolina Department of Agriculture. The Prerequisites of NVRQS and KFDA are composed of 66 and 84 items respectively, without detailed guidelines for their application. This may decisively affect the application in the field and the evaluation activities. Water supplies, washing and disinfection monitoring tools, and examining and correcting plan are required to be improved. If the standards of compliance of each Prerequisite item as well as performance guidelines are given, the application and evaluation will be performed more effectively. The evaluation items should be associated with Prerequisite operations such as non-compliance complement, self-evaluation, and record keeping. Hazards found during official inspection should be promptly controlled not to contaminate the work places and processing items. As the HACCP is expected to spread from farms to tables, the standardized Prerequisite program among the official governments should be prepared.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.30 no.sup
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• pp.8.1-8.5
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• 2015

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the biodegradation potential of four perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) alternatives that were developed at Changwon National University. While PFOS has been used widely in industrial and consumer products, it is known to be a persistent organic pollutant. Therefore, greener alternatives are highly desirable. Methods Biodegradation tests were run for 28 days using standard test protocols. The biochemical oxygen demand was measured daily throughout the experimental period, and the data were used to calculate the biodegradation rates. Microorganisms were isolated from the some of the tests that showed evidence of biodegradation. Results $C_8H_8F_9KO_3S$, which has the same number of carbons as the parent compound PFOS but a reduced number of fluorines, showed the highest biodegradation rate followed by $C_{10}H_8F_{13}KO_3S$. Chemical alternatives with lower number of carbons did not biodegrade readily in the experiments. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that it may be advantageous to develop PFOS alternatives with 8 carbons, the same as PFOS, but a reduced number of fluorines; as such, chemicals are more susceptible to biodegradation than the parent compound.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2011

Objectives: The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles has resulted in their widespread use in many consumer products. Yet, despite their many advantages, it is also important to determine whether silver nanoparticles may represent a hazard to the environment and human health. Methods: Thus, to evaluate the genotoxic potential of silver nanoparticles, in vivo genotoxicity testing (OECD 474, in vivo micronuclei test) was conducted after exposing male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to silver nanoparticles by inhalation for 90 days according to OECD test guideline 413 (Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90 Day Study) with a good laboratory practice system. The rats were exposed to silver nanoparticles (18 nm diameter) at concentrations of $0.7\;{\times}\;10^6$ particles/$cm^3$ (low dose), $1.4\;{\times}\;10^6$ particles/$cm^3$ (middle dose), and $2.9\;{\times}\;10^6$ particles/$cm^3$ (high dose) for 6 hr/day in an inhalation chamber for 90 days. The rats were killed 24 hr after the last administration, then the femurs were removed and the bone marrow collected and evaluated for micronucleus induction. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes or in the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes among the total erythrocytes after silver nanoparticle exposure when compared with the control. Conclusion: The present results suggest that exposure to silver nanoparticles by inhalation for 90 days does not induce genetic toxicity in male and female rat bone marrow in vivo.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.262-265
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• 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) poses an important occupational health risk to health workers (HWs) that has attracted global scrutiny. To date, several thousand HWs globally have been reported as infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus that causes the disease. It is therefore a public health priority for policymakers to understand risk factors for this vulnerable group to avert occupational transmission. A rapid review was carried out on 20 April 2020 on Covid-19 risk factors among HWs in PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCOHost Web (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE with Full Text, CINAHL with Full Text, APA PsycInfo, Health Source-Consumer Edition, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition) and WHO Global Database. We also searched for preprints on the medRxiv database. We searched for reports, reviews, and primary observational studies (case control, case cross-over, cross-sectional, and cohort). The review included studies conducted among HWs with Covid-19 that reported risk factors irrespective of their sample size. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Lack of personal protective equipment, exposure to infected patients, work overload, poor infection control, and preexisting medical conditions were identified as risk factors for Covid-19 among HWs. In the context of Covid-19, HWs face an unprecedented occupational risk of morbidity and mortality. There is need for rapid development of sustainable measures that protect HWs from the pandemic.