• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.55-64
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• 2020

Since the European Union-South Korea Free Trade Agreement entered into force in 2011, the Korean automobile market has grown rapidly, resulting in intensifying competition among companies in the market. European automakers gained price competitiveness, which intensified competition with Korean automakers. In such a situation, various studies on the Korean automobile market have been conducted, but studies such as market influencing factor analysis and consumer analysis have mainly been conducted, and there is no research on the analysis of competitive dynamics in the market. In this study, the competitive dynamics between Hyundai Motors, Kia Motors, Mercedes-Benz, and BMW, which are major automakers in the Korean automobile market, are analyzed. The competitive relationship between major automakers are modeled using the Lotka-Volterra (LV) model and the competitive dynamics over time are analyzed by applying the Moving Window. In order to explain the competitive dynamics effectively, we analyze it by subdividing it based on various influencing factors.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.222-229
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• 2020

This study was conducted to develop a novel cheese tofu hybrid product by increasing the calcium content of cheese, an animal protein source, and tofu, a vegetable protein source. Both pH and moisture were lower in the cheese tofu hybrid than those values in the control group (6.03% and 72%, respectively). Protein and fat were slightly higher than in the control (15.43% and 9.91%, respectively). Total bacteria count increased at the end of the product's shelf life, but did not affect its texture. The cheese tofu hybrid displayed stronger a) red, and b) yellow coloration than the control, and its lightness (L) was lower than that of the control. The cheese tofu hybrid possessed high hardness, and displayed high values for gumminess and brittleness. Sensory evaluation by a specialized agency examined consumer preferences, purchase intentions, strengths, and weaknesses of the developed product line. A panel of 30 female volunteers in their 20s and 40s recorded an overall preference for cheese tofu of 5.40 points, fairly good. Cheese tofu was found to be better than the control tofu, with appealing differences in appearance, color, nutty aroma, chewiness, and cheese flavor.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.49-77
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• 2021

This study uses a choice experiment approach to examine whether different types of feedstocks as well as other attributes such as the cost of bioethanol, bioethanol blending ratio, and government support policies affect consumers' biofuel preferences. We apply a standard conditional logit model, a mixed logit model (MLM), and individual coefficient estimation model (ICM) to estimate the parameters of the investigated attributes. The results show that people prefer domestic and non-food feedstock, along with tax exemption as a support policy. All the attributes show unobservable preference heterogeneity in the MLM and ICM. In particular, willingness to pay for attributes are higher in the genetically modified (GM) feedstock-unknown group than in the known one. We show the importance of using domestic and non-food feedstocks and managing GM feedstocks carefully to avoid consumer resistance when producing bioethanol in South Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.442-454
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• 2021

Many domestic and international airlines that experienced dramatic recession due to COVID-19 pandemic are carefully being ready to normalise operations as a number of governments has begun to vaccinate for COVID-19. So with the same market share from domestic to short distant international services, the competition between Full Service Carriers (FSC) and low cost carriers (LCC) is anticipated to be more intensive. To explore the concepts such as the perception, value, attitude and faith of the object, this study implements Q methodology proposed to complement the limitations of quantitative and qualitative research methodology. As a result, the consumers of airlines' brand are divided into three types - the type of utility seeking, value-oriented and task-related. Using Q samples which consist of 25 statements, this study specifically approached the traits of each type by observing the subjectivity with the comparative P sample group that is made up for 20 participants. By discovering the type of FSC and LCC's brand asset and comparing the recognition of consumers, not only does this study evoke the need for a strategic direction of the effective management of Airlines' Brand asset but also have a signification in the way that especially provide hypotheses for follow up studies.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.536-544
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• 2021

5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) is a standard therapy for the treatment of mild to moderate forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) whereas more severe forms involve the use of steroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan that has shown epithelium protective effects in experimental colitis recently. In this study, both 5-ASA (30 mg/kg) and HA (15 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) were administered rectally and investigated for their potential complementary therapeutic effects in moderate or severe murine colitis models. Intrarectal treatment of moderate and severe colitis with 5-ASA alone or HA alone at a dose of 30 mg/kg led to a significant decrease in clinical activity and histology scores, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in colitis mice compared to untreated animals. The combination of HA (30 mg/kg) and 5-ASA in severe colitis led to a significant improvement of colitis compared to 5-ASA alone. Combined rectal therapy with HA and 5-ASA could be a treatment alternative for severe cases of IBD as it was the only treatment tested that was not significantly different from the healthy control group. This study further underlines the benefit of searching for yet unexplored drug combinations that show therapeutic potential in IBD without the need of designing completely new drug entities.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.795-809
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was first, to clarify the clothing benefits that Uzbek female college students seek through clothing products; and second, to determine whether there is a difference in clothing involvement and clothing purchasing behavior according to the type of clothing benefits. Data were collected from 290 female university students from Tashkent, Uzbekistan, and analyzed using factor analysis, K-means group classification analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, χ²-test, and frequency analysis. Respondents were classified into four types according to their clothing benefits: individuality/economy-pursuit, comfort-pursuit, fashion/brand-pursuit, and indifference. Significant differences were identified in terms of clothing involvement, information sources, clothing evaluation criteria, clothing store attributes, clothing wearing conditions (including monthly clothing expenses), number of purchases per year, clothing purchase location, clothing preference style, and clothing dissatisfaction. The fashion/brand-pursuit and personality/economy-pursuit types were influenced more by fashion and symbolism of clothing involvement, information sources, clothing evaluation criteria, and clothing store attributes. The individuality/economy-pursuit type purchased more frequently, spent more monthly clothing expenses, and used the internet. Clothing store attributes were considered more important by female students than the other attributes. In these results, clothing benefits were identified as consumer characteristics of female Uzbek college students and market segmentation was determined. In addition, it is meaningful in providing basic data for efficient marketing activities and minimizing trials and errors in establishing local-friendly strategies for target customers in different cultures.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.504-509
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to develop dynamic model to describe the kinetic behavior of E. coli in sliced smoked duck. E. coli was detected in 2 sliced smoked duck samples (16.7%) at 1.23 log CFU/g. The maximum specific growth rate (𝜇_max) of E. coli ranged from 0.05 to 0.36 log CFU/g/h, and lag phase duration (LPD) ranged from 4.39 to 1.07 h, depending on the storage at 10-30℃, and h₀ value ranged from 0.24 to 0.51. The developed model was validated with observed values obtained at 13℃ and 25℃. The model performance was appropriate with 0.130 of root mean squared error (RMSE), and the dynamic model also described properly kinetic behavior of E. coli in sliced smoked duck samples. These results indicate that E. coli can contaminate sliced smoked ducks and the models developed with the E. coli isolates are useful in describing the kinetic behavior of E. coli in sliced smoked duck.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.1-33
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• 2022

Voice shopping is gaining attention following the trend of non-contact E-commerce by enabling people to shop via voice command. Therefore, in this study, voice shopping service heuristics using a display-mounted voice interface were developed in preparation for the future where voice shopping becomes a part of daily life in the world. First, as a theoretical approach, a literature survey of 50 papers on the design principles of 'visual interface,' 'voice interface,' and 'shopping service' was conducted to produce a total of 29 draft design principles. Second, as an empirical approach, a focus group interview was conducted on consumer decision-making processes in shopping experiences and information-seeking behavior within the context of shopping to draft the heuristics. This was to supplement the user experience, a weak part of the literature research. Finally, a Delphi survey asked 20 experts in UX, service planning, artificial intelligence development, and shopping to evaluate the heuristics draft developed through the above two stages. After three rounds of Delphi surveys, the final heuristics were proposed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.202-215
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify gamification techniques and characteristics of digital marketing based on the main information communication, learning, and play of the current consumer group, and to present effective gamification digital marketing plans for the MZ generation. The summary of the research process is as follows. First, the characteristics and definitions of MZ generation and gamification were described and the concept was clarified. Second, domestic and foreign gamification cases were compared and analyzed. Studies show that we should be wary of gamification digital marketing, which fails to reflect the characteristics of the fun-seeking MZ generation by failing to organically connect the mechanisms and structures of gamification, focusing only on visible elements, such as Point, Badge, and Leaderboard. In addition, customers who lose the fun of obtaining rewards and leave because they feel that the rewards (points, badges, leaderboards) they provide are worthless should be prevented.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-64
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• 2021

Purpose - This paper empirically analyzed the determinants of the online food market in Korea and Vietnam as representatives of the developed market and emerging market. The online food market can be regarded as having a high potential value. This study aims to suggest the appropriate implications for each developed market and emerging market by empirically comparing and analyzing customers' online food purchase determinants in the growth change of the online food market. Design/methodology - The empirical model of this study was established with the motif of the TAM+Trust model suggested by Nguyen et al.'s (2019) existing theoretical framework. Davis's (1989) TAM model was adopted to establish a framework related to the determinants that consumers would accept, for the online food purchasing method. Then, the trust variable is added to the framework which is regarded as an important effector especially in food related researches. In this study's comparative analysis, the multi-group structural equation modeling analysis was implemented. Findings - The main finding of this study can be summarized as that the moderating effect of nationality is significant. This means that there is an obvious difference between the developed online food market and the emerging online food market. In addition, as the growth of the online market changes, the significant determinants of consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions are somewhat different. However, the usefulness of online food purchasing methods and the trust of websites were analyzed as significant factors. Originality/value - Although the potential of the online food market is abundant, studies on the determinants of customer's attitude and purchase intention are insufficient. Moreover, comparative studies between countries have not been conducted in existing studies. Therefore, the research value of this paper can be explained in that it has suggested implications for the continued growth of the online food market.