• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.413-429
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of consumers' inflation expectations using consumers' inflation perceptions and the sub-components of consumer price index (CPI) basket in South Korea based on a consumer survey conducted by the Bank of Korea (BOK). Design/methodology/approach - Using Carroll's (2003) epidemiological model, we analyzed data from January 2013 to January 2023, resulting in a data set of 121 observations for both inflation perceptions and inflation expectations. This study focuses only on aggregate inflation expectations and perceptions because of data availability from the BOK. Findings - Professionals' forecasts play a major role in forming consumers' inflation expectations, whereas the actual headline CPI and consumers' inflation perceptions do not. These results remain robust when including the sub-components of the CPI basket in the analysis. Research implications or Originality - It would be the most efficient way to suppress professionals' expected inflation in fighting against a substantial spike in consumers' inflation expectations. To guide consumers' inflation expectations based on BOK's inflation targeting, the bank needs to consider professionals' forecasts in devising monetary policies.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.29-52
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• 1996

The objective of this study is to test Parasurman, Zeithaml & Berry(1985)'s service quality gap analysis model, and to confirm reliability and to confirm reliability and validity of the model. The reliability of the model is adopted, but the validity must be retested in the further study. In the results of the gap analysis model, the correlation between consumer expectations and management perceptions of consumer expectations(gap1) was not accepted. The correlation between management perceptions of consumer expectations and service quality specifications(gap2), the correlation between service quality specifications and the service actually delivered(gap3), and the correlation between services delivered and services promised to consumers(gap4) were accepted. To improve domestic telecommunication service quality, practical guides such as standardization of job roles, cooperation among customer-contact persons, communication between managers and employees, evaluation programs for employee's improvement of service quality, appropriate supports for customer-contact persons were suggested. For generalizing the gap model, additional studies under the different contexts and industries will be needed.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2021

Purpose: The rural market in India provides tremendous scope for FMCG consumer healthcare companies to market their products because of a significant increase of rural purchasing power. Many empirical studies in this area highlight the challenges and opportunities for marketers in the FMCG space. Research articles are not in abundance to understand intermediaries' expectations in the supply chain specific to consumer healthcare products. The existing literature did not significantly address the challenges of channel partners in the rural market. The present study aims to determine the retailer expectations from manufacturers and channel members' mutual expectations in the FMCG distribution channel. Research design and Methodology: The present study adopted a qualitative research methodology. Fifty respondents from each level of distribution channel such as super-stockist, distributors and retailers in central India were identified and an interview method was adopted to collect the data. Results: Nineteen factors were identified to influence the intermediaries for involvement in the business with any FMCG brand. Factors like Profit margin, reverse logistics, credit terms, return on investment, timely payments were crucial for managing the expectations of all intermediaries. This study provides academic as well as practical implications in terms of enabling the industry to align its channel management strategies accordingly.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.81-95
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• 2008

This paper examined the impact of psychological characteristics of consumers on household debt decisions. With the use of the Heckit models (the traditional approach to the selection problem) this study undertook an empirical study of the influence of a wide range of factors on financial decisions. This study used U.S. household-level data that offers detailed information on household debt, expectations about future income, expectations about future economic conditions, the amount of financial risk the respondent was willing to take, and the amount of time allotted for planning family savings and spending. This study showed that respondents with both substantial financial risk tolerance and positive expectations about future income were likely to have larger household debt showing that researchers and policy-makers need to consider consumer sentiment and preference measures in modeling behavior in credit markets. Additional results showed that household debt is significantly related to two key economic variables: income and net worth.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.259-271
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• 2012

최근 기업의 사회적 책임과 그에 따른 경영에 대한 기대와 관심은 크게 증가하고 있으나 외식기업의 사회적 책임과 관련한 소비자들의 인식에 관한 체계적인 연구와 외식 업태별 사회적 책임에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 외식기업의 사회적 책임 활동에 대한 소비자들의 인식을 조사하고, 외식 업태별로 소비자들이 기대하는 사회적 책임 활동의 유형에 차이가 있는지를 조사하고자 하였다. 연구결과 소비자들은 전반적으로 사회적 책임 활동의 필요성과 홍보의 필요성을 평균 4.08과 4.05로 강하게 인식하고 있었고, 외식기업 선택시 구매의사결정에 미치는 영향도 대체적으로 높게 나타났다. 요인 분석 결과 5개의 사회적 책임 활동 요인(자선적, 경제적, 지역문화사업, 환경보호, 소비자보호)이 추출되었다. 또한 소비자들이 기대하는 사회적 책임 활동 유형은 F값 4.616(p<0.001)으로 외식업태별로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 소비자들은 각 업태별(한식당, 패밀리 레스토랑, 패스트푸드점)로 다른 유형의 사회적 책임 활동을 기대하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to analysis the difference by Michelin rating in customer satisfaction of restaurant listed in the Korea Michelin Guide. There are opinions that the Michelin Guide's rating system and evaluation criteria are somewhat ambiguous. Research design, data, and methodology: This study collected 145 actual online reviews published on TripAdvisor to examine how the effect of the content attributes of reviews on consumer satisfaction varies according to the Michelin grade. Based on this, two studies were conducted. Study 1 examined the effect of strong and weak positive reviews on consumer satisfaction according to the rating. Study 2 examined the effect of image information on consumer satisfaction. Results: The results revealed that the lower the Michelin rating, the more positive review had a significant effect on consumer satisfaction. The higher the rating, the more image information had an effect on consumer satisfaction. Expectations for Michelin three-star restaurants are higher than those of two-star restaurants, so customers are more likely to be used negatively when writing reviews. Conclusions: Accurate information on Michelin selection criteria should be delivered so as not to form high expectations and not to disappoint. For consumers to be satisfied with the name Michelin, the standards should be stricter.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.480-494
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• 2016

This study focuses on influential relationships for consumer's cognition about sponsorship, consumer-brand relationship, brand equity, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. To accomplish it, a questionnaire survey (answered by 600 males and females over the age of 20) was conducted by an Internet Research Company from October $5^{th}$ to $20^{th}$ in 2011. The results of the analysis were: First, consumer's cognition about sponsorship consisted of sponsorship interest, sponsorship importance, sponsor-sponsorship suitability, and sponsorship expectation. Consumer-brand relation consisted of personal attachment, trustful relationships and commitment relationships. Brand equity for golf wear consisted of three factors (brand awareness, brand image, perceived quality). Customer satisfaction and customer loyalty consisted of one factor. Second, the commitment relationship was influenced by sponsor-sponsorship suitability, sponsorship interest, sponsorship importance and sponsorship expectation. However, personal attachment was influenced by only sponsorship interest and sponsorship expectations. The trustful relationship was influenced by all factors of consumer cognition, except sponsorship interest. Customer loyalty was influenced by consumer's cognition about sponsorship, consumer-brand relationship, brand equity and customer satisfaction. The leverage of consumer-brand relationship and consumer's cognition for sponsorship was notably larger than others.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2009

This study examined the expectations and attitudes of urban Korean consumers with respect to the Korea-USA Free Trade Agreement (FTA), which was drafted on April, 2007. The data were collected through online surveys in which 527 adults answered structured questionnaires. The results showed that the number of consumers who favored the Korea-U.S.A. FTA was almost twice the number of those who objected to it. Most of the consumers surveyed expected not only positive effects but also negative ones from the FTA, and the more consumers expected positive effects from the FTA, the more they tended to have positive attitudes toward the trade agreement. The effects of consumers' individual characteristics on their expectations and attitudes were also analyzed in this experiment.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.304-314
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• 2023

The rapid development of digital technology is diversifying the fashion industry by influencing both the manufacturing processes and the characteristics of fashion products. Although various smart clothing technologies are being developed as part of the government's technology development policy, the number of smart clothing products available to consumers in stores remains very limited. To address this issue, this study analyzes the key attributes of smart clothing as expressed in consumer language. The CIT (Critical Incident Technique) research method was used, and data were collected through an online survey. The study focuses on identifying potential factors that may influence the development direction or strategy of smart clothing. By classifying past experiences and attitudes towards smart clothing into positive and negative categories, it was found that positive responses to smart clothing were heavily influenced by expectations from technology and convenience. Participants' experience with smart technology has had a positive impact on their evaluation of smart clothing. Consumers with negative attitudes towards smart clothing expressed expectations for new benefits resulting from technological development, and indicated that they would consider purchasing such clothing in the future when design and technology improve. Ultimately, this study provides a valuable reference for the development of smart clothing products in Korea by analyzing consumer experiences and acceptance conditions towards smart clothing.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2004

This study examined the effects of consumers' perceptions and expectations about refund on consumers' behavior to refund and its outcome. Major results of this study could be summarized as follows. First, consumers' perceptions and expectations about refund were higher in the case of defective products. However, consumers' behavior to refund were generally passive resulting in the low chance of refund. When there was no defects in product, consumers perceptions and expectations for refund were generally lower resulting in passive and the low chance of refund. Second, when there was defects in product, both consumers' perceptions and expectation tot refund influenced their active behaviors for refund, but not in the successful outcome. In contrast, when there was no defect, those two variables impacted on the behaviors for refund positively In addition, the more active those behaviors requesting for refunds were, the more successful outcome in refund request.