• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제29권1_2호
• /
• pp.505-510
• /
• 2011

We give a constructive proof that a (partial) evaluation of a multivariate algebraic function with algebraic numbers is again an algebraic function. Especially, we obtain a bound on the degree of an evaluation with the degrees of the original algebraic function and the algebraic numbers evaluated. Furthermore, we show that our bound is sharp with an example.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
• /
• 제7권8호
• /
• pp.2528-2535
• /
• 2000

테크놀로지 매핑은 VLSI 설계자동화(CAD) 시스템의 한 단계로서, 설계된 회로를 논리적 단계에서 물리적 단계로 매핑해 준다. 테크놀로지 매핑은 효율성은 매핑된 회로의 자연시간과 회로의 면적에 의해서 평가되어진다. 특히 순차회로에서는 레지스터 사이의 조합회로의 최대지연시간에 의해서 전체회로이 지연시간이 결정된다. 본 논문에서는 순차회로에 대한, 건설적인(constructive) 단계와 반복적인(iterative)단계의 리타이밍 기술과 퍼지 논리에 의해 향상된 FPGA 매핑 알고리즘을 소개한다. 주어진 초기회로는 건설적인 방법에 의하여 FPGA회로로 초기매칭 되어진 후 반복적인 리타이밍에 의하여 매핑회로의 효율을 높이게된다. 초기회로에 주어진 여러 가지 기준들을 결정 함수(Decision Marking Function)에 대한 퍼지 이론 규칙의 계층적인 구조로 구성된다. 제안된 매퍼는 MCNC 밴치마커의 실험을 통해 지연시간과 면적에서 기존 매핑시스템의 성능을 능가함을 보여준다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.209-220
• /
• 1998

How did nature create the first set of genes at the beginning of life on Earth? One of the goals of molecular biology is to elucidate the fundamental rules governing how genes and, therefore, proteins were created. Through experiments carried out in the emerging field of "in vitro" or "benchtop" evolution studies, we are gaining new insights into the origins of genes and proteins as well as the origins of their functions (e.g., catalysis). In this review, I present an overview of recent experimental approaches to the question of the origin and evolution of genes. In addition, I will introduce a novel in vitro protein emergence system that was recently developed in my laboratory.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.483-512
• /
• 1999

The purpose of the research was to investigate the patterns of student's mathematical thinking and behavior and describe the nature of difficulties the student underwent in trigonometry as the student conducted independent explorations within the interactive technology environment. Also, the research identified the connections among multiple representations and merits and shortcomings in using a graphic calculator as a tool. A take-based clinical interview procedure as the method for qualitative research was used to find the cognitive actions of the participant and his interactions with the graphic calculator. A case study report was written for the student. The researcher found that the student moved from operative stage, to constructive stage, to applicable stage of thinking. From Colgan; Graphing has significance both to mathematics and mathematics education in at least three ways since: * graphing represents an important technique, instrument and process in mathematics; * through ‘graphing’, per se, students can be said to be using one symbolic system to extend and acquire an understanding of another(e. g., trigonometric functions and their graphs). * graphing is propaedeutic to other, more advanced topics and concepts in mathematics.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.291-300
• /
• 2006

A simple and general bit log-likelihood ratio (LLR) expression is provided for Gray-coded rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (R-QAM) signals. The characteristics of Gray code mapping such as symmetries and repeated formats of the bit assignment in a symbol among bit groups are applied effectively for the simplification of the LLR expression. In order to reduce the complexity of the max-log-MAP algorithm for LLR calculation, we replace the mathematical max or min function of the conventional LLR expression with simple arithmetic functions. In addition, we propose an implementation algorithm of this expression. Because the proposed expression is very simple and constructive with some parameters reflecting the characteristic of the Gray code mapping result, it can easily be implemented, providing an efficient symbol de-mapping structure for various wireless applications.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.127-144
• /
• 1987

The purpose of this study is to explore the family communication and power. Communication is a symbolic, transactional process in functional view . To say tat communication is a process implies a continuous interaction of an indefinite large number of variables with a concomitant, continuous change in the values taken by these variables. Finally the process implies change. Family functions include the primary functions of cohesion and adaptability and supporting functions of family images, themes, boundaries, and biosocial issues, The primary functions reveal concepts integrated family interaction and supporting functions, along with those of cohesion and adaptability, give shape of family life. The message system is the major element of communication process and influences both the form and the content of thier relationship and create and share meanings. The family-of-origin issues influence all aspects of family communication and account for many of the communication patterns, rules and networks. Power does not belong to an individual. rather it is a property of a relationship between two or more persons, Power, a system property is the ability of an individual to change the behavior of other members in a social system. Power operate transactionally in a family and any power maneuvers within it have a system wide effect. In order to study power in families , it is necessary to examine 1) family power operations 2) development of family power and 3) the communication of power strutegies. The research presented indicated that a rigid power structure, characterized by dominance and little sharing, restricts family flexibility reduce cohesion, and adversely affects satisfaction in families. power constantly changes as a family grows and develops within its system. Although power changes may be more obvious in children as they mature and more from a independent stated to an independent one, each of the parents experience egual or greater. Communication and activities take place that either enhance positively or negatively the images, themes, and degree of unity of cohesion the family desires. Power operated within a dynamic, growing, changing, interdependent transactional family system. Power struggle may develop when as issue becomes important to one or more family member. When this happens, and the rational exploration of alternatives ceases, various one-up power maneuvers usally follows, This affect family intimacy. a vital element in meaningful relationships . To resolve differences and not become the victim of another's power , one need to engage in constructive conflict since the ability to clearly and comfortably repudiate another is part of the achievement of intimacy.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2020

"A practical architect might not unnaturally conceive the idea of erecting a vast edifice whose frame should be entirely of iron, and clothing the frame--preserving it--by means of a casing of stone…that shell must be regarded only as an envelope, having no function other than supporting itself..." --Viollet-le-Duc, 1868. Viollet-le-Duc's recipe for an encased iron frame foresaw the separation of structural and enclosing functions into discrete systems. This separation is an essential characteristic of skyscrapers today, but at the time of his writing cast iron's brittle nature meant that iron frames could not, on their own, resist lateral forces in tall structures. Instead, tall buildings had to be braced with masonry shear walls, which often also served as environmental enclosure. The commercial availability of steel after the 1880s allowed for self-braced metal frames while parallel advances in glass and terra cotta allowed exterior walls to achieve vanishingly thin proportions. Two Chicago buildings by D.H. Burnham & Co. were the first to match a frame "entirely of iron" with an "envelope" supporting only itself. The Reliance Building (1895) was the first of these, but the Fisher Building (1896) more fully exploited this new constructive typology, eschewing brick entirely, to become the first "building without walls," a break with millennia of tall construction reliant upon masonry

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.317-325
• /
• 2022

Polymers are the major constructive material of pharmaceutical formulations that play a prime role in designing effective drug-delivery systems and releasing drugs at their sites of application. Polymers are composed of multiple repeating units of high molecular mass components with attendant properties. Most synthetic polymers are non-biocompatible, expensive, and extremely inclined to deliver adverse impacts. Meanwhile, edible polymers obtained from natural sources have gained remarkable recognition for their promising use in modern medicine. Moreover, polymers derived from natural sources are generally preferred due to certain of their unique features such as abundant availability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, economical, safe, and effective functions that fit the purpose. Polysaccharides including starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and mucilage are identified as a major class of naturally obtained molecules that have a substantial role as functional polymers. This review summarizes the potential role of polysaccharides derived from vegetable sources such as adhesives, anticaking agents, binders, disintegrants, emulsifiers, film-framing agents, and thickeners. This is simply an opportunity to abandon synthetic excipients that hurt our bodies and think back to nature from where we originate.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.561-573
• /
• 2022

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the absence of testing the effect of professional ethics, emotional intelligence, and internal auditor performance on professional skepticism. According to this study, internal auditors can use professional skepticism to better understand red flag fraud. Questionnaires were used as the research instruments in this study. The participants included 186 auditors. Using structural equation modeling, this study confirms the hypothesis. The results show that the application of professional ethics and emotional intelligence has a positive effect on professional skepticism. The findings show that 1) professional skepticism can improve internal auditors' understanding of the red flags of fraud, 2) professional ethical norms influence how people behave and accomplish jobs, and 3) how constructive findings are produced by an audit procedure that adheres to the requirements of an audit expert, not just an espionage agent trained to infiltrate. As a result, internal auditors' higher performance in performing functions as a building agent rather than a secret agent like intelligence can be attributed to this. This study provides evidence that 1) not only does the use of professional ethics increase professional skepticism, but high emotional intelligence also plays a role, and 2) professional skepticism can improve internal auditors' understanding of red flags of fraud.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.221-234
• /
• 2013

행복은 대인관계 측면에서 긍정적인 결과를 산출한다. 그러나 구체적으로 행복한 사람들의 어떤 대인행동이 관계적으로 긍정적 결과를 도출하는지에 대해서는 연구된 바가 많지 않다. 상호작용 시 상대방에게 지지적인 정서를 표현해주는 것은 관계의 형성과 만족에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 논문에서는 두 개의 연구를 통하여 고각성의 긍정적 정서인 '즐거움'이 상호작용 시 상대방에 대한 지지적인 정서 표현을 유발하는지 알아보고자 한다. 연구 1에서는 긍정적 정서가 성격과 인지적 요인을 통제한 뒤에도 여전히 유의하게 지지적 정서 표현을 예측하였다. 긍정적 정서의 이러한 효과는 고각성 정서로 인한 것이었다. 연구 2에서는 '즐거움'이 유발된 참가자들이 '자랑스러움', '경이로움', '편안함'이 유발된 참가자들에 비해 타인의 이야기에 적극적으로 정서를 표현하고 상대를 지지하였다. 본 연구는 긍정적 정서가 대인 관계에 어떻게 이득을 주는지에 대한 단서를 제공함과 동시에, 그 중에서도 특히 '즐거움'이 사회적 관계 형성을 촉진하기 위해 진화되었을 가능성을 제안한다.