• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.71-96
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• 2010

This article firstly reviewed Permanent Established(PE) concept of OECD and UN model tax treaty and compared it with that of Korean Corporate Income Tax Law(CITL). The various factors regarding profit like ways of deciding the local source profit, scope and calculation method which will be imputed to PE were also reviewed. Based on above, standard PE judgement basis and calculation method of local source profit were also studied by using actual cases in foreign corporation which performs plant construction & sales in Korea. Accordingly to properly solve the conflict regarding international tax and to protect the tax authority against the foreign corporation in Korea, by standing on equality, I now propose followings for the better concept of PE in Korea. Firstly, the article that a building site or construction or installation project constitutes a PE only if it lasts more than 6 months should be modified to reflect OECD model convention's criteria of 12 months. Second, the scope of 'subordinate attorney' which is regarded as PE under CITL is now including 'holding-delivery attorney', 'order attorney', and 'assurance attorney' as well as 'contract attorney'. This is overly limit the activities of foreign corporation. It had better be loosened only to include 'contract attorney' as OECD provisions. Third, the CITL limits the cases of preparatory and/or auxiliary place which is not regarded as PE, thus limit the foreign corporations' business by expanding the concept of PE. This had better be eased. Fourth, in deciding the amount of local source profits, the CITL stipulates to split the profits by the relevant contribution of transaction parties through 'profit split method'. To solve the conflict, the ways of profit split must be better clarified through providing object and detailed standard and basis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.289-294
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• 2007

It has been 10 years Since December 1996 when CM method was institutionalized by Construction Industry Fundamental law. Even though construction market has been in stagnant of business activities till now, CM in Korea started to be activated by the introduction of CM method i.n public construction. In the end of 2005, the number of CM order's contract is 6.7 times , an amount of CM order's money is 9.2 times more than operation plan of CM system announced in 2001. Therefore, CM market has been dramatically growing. However, it is judged that the shortage of faith in CM project and necessity of CM method are not recognized and study on a owner who affects successful settlement of CM has not been performed. When considering those points, in introduction and practical use of CM, CM is suggested to the field which is necessary for a client through the task performance level research and analysis of a owner who act a important role to activate Construction Management. As result of studying pre-existing papers to i.nvestigate of owner's capability level, the task function of a client is classified into 10 types and a public opinion poll was performed based on the 10 types of function.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2016

Construction enterprises have performed various projects such as buildings, infrastructure and plant projects in the international market. Among these, the plant project's amount of orders accounted for about 68.9% of all. However, because of the enterprises won a contract with a low-budget for plant project in the last 10 years, the profit has dropped dramatically. And it is forecasted that there are extreme competition for bid award of plant projects because of the current falling oil prices and raising interest rates. In this circumstance, the comprehending of enterprises strength and weakness must be a priority to get a sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore this research suggests the enterprises's capability assessment framework and it is in order to diagnose the korean construction enterprises capabilities. The framework is based on the VRIO model that is on the basis of resource based theory. First, the capability assessment indices and their importance and priority that based on the life-cycle of plant project is deducted by literature review and survey. Second, the 5 point likert score applied VRIO survey is conducted to diagnose the enterprises and quantified the survey result using the fuzzy theory. Lastly, the competitvie implication and capability assessment are deducted.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.84-91
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• 2013

In 2012, Korean overseas construction market has achieved 64.9 billion dollars of contract order and its amount has increased since the mid 2000's. However, importance of qualitative growth based on profitability as well as quantitative growth is also emphasized. This study analyzed overseas plant project's subcontract process management which is closely related to cost management as one of the qualitative growth methods. In order to select major subcontract processes, extensive literature review and focus group interview(FGI) were implemented and then professionals with years of experience in the overseas plant projects were participated in the questionnaire survey. The collected data were analyzed by Benefit-Structure Analysis(BSA) model. The findings of this study include: (1) the seven and six subcontract processes are positioned in the area of importance control factor and in the area of maintenance/control factor, respectively; (2) administration capability attainment is needed for the six subcontract processes in the area of importance control factor and sustainable management system is required for the processes in the maintenance/control factor area. The further research will identify key subcontract processes to be managed for overseas plant projects by Korean EPC contractors based on the findings of this research.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2018

The buildings are getting enormous and more complex as well as the requirement of the owner which wants diverse and efficient. Moreover advanced management is necessary for construction services and a new method of delivering project is now required. In order to expand the delivering method and the construction industry, we have to introduced the CM at Risk method. However, despite the fact that six years have passed already the CM at Risk regulation was introduced, the contract amount in significantly lower than that of the CM for fee, and also there is no CM at Risk project in the public sector. As a result, three pilot projects are currently underway for the LH(Korea Land & Housing Corporation) in order to set up a CM at Risk for the public sector. However, detailed regulations related to CM at Risk have not yet been implemented in Korea. Therefore, in this study, I am trying to understand the risks that could incur when practitioners participate in the three pilot projects that are currently underway and employed in the public sector wherein the CM at Risk is normally introduced. Based on the results of this study, It will be able to utilize as a basic data for future CM at Risk delivery system improvement and enactment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.273-284
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• 2024

This study investigates the impact of international oil price fluctuations on overseas construction orders secured by domestic and foreign companies. The analysis employs statistical data spanning the past 20 years, encompassing international oil prices, overseas construction orders from domestic firms, and new overseas construction orders from the top 250 global construction companies. The correlation between these variables is assessed using correlation coefficients(R), determination coefficients(R²), and p-values. The results indicate a strong positive correlation between international oil prices and overseas construction orders. The correlation coefficient between domestic overseas construction orders and oil prices is found to be 0.8 or higher, signifying a significant influence. Similarly, a high correlation coefficient of 0.76 is observed between oil prices and new orders from leading global construction companies. Further analysis reveals a particularly strong correlation between oil prices and overseas construction orders in Asia and the Middle East, potentially due to the prevalence of oil-related projects in these regions. Additionally, a high correlation is observed between oil prices and orders for industrial facilities compared to architectural projects. This suggests an increase in plant construction volumes driven by fluctuations in oil prices. Based on these findings, the study proposes an entry strategy for navigating oil price volatility and maintaining competitiveness in the overseas construction market. Key recommendations include diversifying project locations and supplier bases; utilizing hedging techniques for exchange rate risk management, adapting to local infrastructure and market conditions, establishing local partnerships and securing skilled local labor, implementing technological innovations and digitization at construction sites to enhance productivity and cost reduction The insights gained from this study, coupled with the proposed overseas expansion strategies, offer valuable guidance for mitigating risks in the global construction market and fostering resilience in response to international oil price fluctuations. This approach is expected to strengthen the competitiveness of domestic and foreign construction firms seeking success in the international arena.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2023

This study suggests the drought resilience index as S-day as a means of preparing for the recent extreme drought, allowing for the actual operational identification of each drought countermeasure's priority as well as the vulnerability of water resource facilities to drought. Although each dam's drought measures are unique in this case, the representative examples include adjusting the water supply, linking the functioning of various facilities, and considering emergency capacity. Here, 15 multipurpose dams and water supply dams in Korea were inspected. Under the return period of 20-year drought, most of dams showed stable by adjusting the water supply overall. The measures, however, did not seem to be able to resist a multi-year drought lasting more than two years. Besides, Hoengseong and Anodong-Imha Dam only lasted a year under the 100-year drought return period with other measures. Without the deployment of drought mitigation strategies, it is expected that the Hoengseong Dam, Andong-Imha Dam, Gunwi Dam, Unmun Dam, Daecheong Dam, and Juam Dam would not be able to meet the all water demand for a year under the 20-year drought condition. The ideal capacity for each drought measure was then suggested. Additionally, by increasing or decreasing the current supply contract by 10% in order to account for demand changes resulting from socio-economic instability, the drought response capacity of all 15 dams was re-evaluated. By lowering the supply contract amount by 10%, it was possible to endure a severe drought.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2020

Online e-commerce management systems are gradually increasing, and transactions are made in various items. However, the reliability between sellers and buyers is very important in high-priced transactions such as automobiles when used transactions online. Nevertheless, in the existing used trading system, a device that prevents fraud or trusts the seller is insufficient. This paper developed a blockchain-based used transaction management system to improve the reliability that occurs during used transactions. We have improved the safety trading system by developing a trading management system for used cars with the highest amount of used cars in various fields. This system uses Ethereum-based smart contract to guarantee reliability without third party intervention. By designing the contracts required for used car trading by utilizing smart contracts, it was possible to reduce the effort and time of trading participants in the existing used car transactions, while enabling safe transactions. In addition, this system mitigated information asymmetry between buyers and sellers, and reduced and prevented brokerage fees in the distribution process without third parties.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.77-97
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• 2019

The large amount of data that emerges from the initial connection environment of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is a major factor that distinguishes the Fourth Industrial Revolution from the existing production environment. This environment has two-sided features that allow it to produce data while using it. And the data produced so produces another value. Due to the massive scale of data, future information systems need to process more data in terms of quantities than existing information systems. In addition, in terms of quality, only a large amount of data, Ability is required. In a small-scale information system, it is possible for a person to accurately understand the system and obtain the necessary information, but in a variety of complex systems where it is difficult to understand the system accurately, it becomes increasingly difficult to acquire the desired information. In other words, more accurate processing of large amounts of data has become a basic condition for future information systems. This problem related to the efficient performance of the information system can be solved by building a semantic web which enables various information processing by expressing the collected data as an ontology that can be understood by not only people but also computers. For example, as in most other organizations, IT has been introduced in the military, and most of the work has been done through information systems. Currently, most of the work is done through information systems. As existing systems contain increasingly large amounts of data, efforts are needed to make the system easier to use through its data utilization. An ontology-based system has a large data semantic network through connection with other systems, and has a wide range of databases that can be utilized, and has the advantage of searching more precisely and quickly through relationships between predefined concepts. In this paper, we propose a defense ontology as a method for effective data management and decision support. In order to judge the applicability and effectiveness of the actual system, we reconstructed the existing air force munitions situation management system as an ontology based system. It is a system constructed to strengthen management and control of logistics situation of commanders and practitioners by providing real - time information on maintenance and distribution situation as it becomes difficult to use complicated logistics information system with large amount of data. Although it is a method to take pre-specified necessary information from the existing logistics system and display it as a web page, it is also difficult to confirm this system except for a few specified items in advance, and it is also time-consuming to extend the additional function if necessary And it is a system composed of category type without search function. Therefore, it has a disadvantage that it can be easily utilized only when the system is well known as in the existing system. The ontology-based logistics situation management system is designed to provide the intuitive visualization of the complex information of the existing logistics information system through the ontology. In order to construct the logistics situation management system through the ontology, And the useful functions such as performance - based logistics support contract management and component dictionary are further identified and included in the ontology. In order to confirm whether the constructed ontology can be used for decision support, it is necessary to implement a meaningful analysis function such as calculation of the utilization rate of the aircraft, inquiry about performance-based military contract. Especially, in contrast to building ontology database in ontology study in the past, in this study, time series data which change value according to time such as the state of aircraft by date are constructed by ontology, and through the constructed ontology, It is confirmed that it is possible to calculate the utilization rate based on various criteria as well as the computable utilization rate. In addition, the data related to performance-based logistics contracts introduced as a new maintenance method of aircraft and other munitions can be inquired into various contents, and it is easy to calculate performance indexes used in performance-based logistics contract through reasoning and functions. Of course, we propose a new performance index that complements the limitations of the currently applied performance indicators, and calculate it through the ontology, confirming the possibility of using the constructed ontology. Finally, it is possible to calculate the failure rate or reliability of each component, including MTBF data of the selected fault-tolerant item based on the actual part consumption performance. The reliability of the mission and the reliability of the system are calculated. In order to confirm the usability of the constructed ontology-based logistics situation management system, the proposed system through the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which is a representative model for measuring the acceptability of the technology, is more useful and convenient than the existing system.