• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 1983

The change of environmental factors with flow rates were studied quantitatively for two rivers, the Nakdong River and the Sin stream, which have different basins in ecosystem structures, during short period after a heavy rain. In the Nakdong River, transparency, DO, alkalinity and hardness were negatively correlated with the flow rate by logarithmic function, but the concentration of SiO2 was relatively constant regardless of the flow chage. In the Sin stream, transparency, alkalinity, hardness and the concentration of NH3-N, NO2-N and SO4= showed negative correlation with the flow rate by logarithmic function. The ratios of maximum to minimum values for aquatic environmental factors during the samller than that for flow rate in the respective rivers (28 in the Nakdong R.; 50 in the Sin S.). Immediately after the heavy rain, the concentrations of NO2-N, NH3-N and PO4-P in the Sin stream were 8, 6 and 1 times as high as those in the Nakdong River, respectively, but in the stable flow state, those became 94, 25 and more than 10 times, respectively. The load for most of the dissolved environmental constituents changed similarly to the flow rate in both rivers. It is notable that, at the stable flow state, the loads for NH3-N (59g/sec) and NO2-N (3.3g/sec) in the Sin stream were 4.3 and 1.3 times as high as those in the Nakdong River.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.56-63
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• 1996

The results of the water purification studies using water parsley (Oenanthe javanica) were obtained as follows. The removal rate of nutrient salts increased with longer plant growth periods. The results of this study use the assumption, log(T+1) = $K(C_0-C)^A$, based on Prakish's Theory. The initial concentration was calculated from experimental data. A and K are closely related to the initial concentration. It is possible to model the concentration of residual salts, as time goes by, if concentration is constant. It was observed that water parsley neutralizes acid and alkali substances promptly. The maximum suitable neutralization period is 48 hours. But water parsley withered up in strong acid and alkali solutions within a week. The removal efficiency of Cd progresses in 2 steps, which are unrelated to the initial concentration of Cd. The first part of the curve shows the concentration rapid rate of Cd removal, followed by a levelling off. The removal rate of $NO_x-N$ in the sample water tank containing 0.5 ppm Cd was between 50~80% but the removal rate was less than 20% for the higher concentration. On the other hand, increased amounts of $PO_4-P$ in the sample water tank from the third day on suspected that $PO_4-P$ was desorbed from the water parsley. The accumulation efficiency of Cd in plant was increased in proportion to the initial concentration of Cd. The accumulation phenomenon was observed in the tanks more than 50~100 times.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 1995

The effects of prolactin and vasopressin on the regulation of amniotic fluid (AF) volume and its $Na^{+}$ concentration $([Na^{+}])$ through the membrane surrounding the AF during increase in AF volume due to fetal urination were studied. About 70% of AF volume was replaced with normal isotonic saline solution. Isotonic saline solution (0.5 ml) containing Censored and LiCl was introduced into each amniotic sac. Vasopressin (25 ng/ml) or prolactin (1 mg/ml) of AF was then injected into experimental amniotic sac. The concentrations of Congored, $Li^{+}$, and $Na^{+}$ were measured at 30 and 60 min intervals after injection. Af samples with decreased Censored concentration ([CR]) during the period of 30 - 60 min were analyzed. The percentage change of $[Na^{+}]$ and the rate of $Li^{+}$ movement during this period were calculated, and the effects of vasopressin and prolactin on them were evaluated. Fellowing results were obtained: 1. The rate of reduction of [CR] in the AF was retarded by vasopressin or prolactin injection. 2. The rate of reduction of $[Li^{+}]$ in the AF was also retarded by vasopressin or prolactin injection. 3. The rate of reduction of $[Li^{+}]$ in the AF was less retarded by vasopressin than that of [CR]. 4. $[Na^{+}]$ changed to approach to the normal level, but this was markedly retarded by prolactin injection. 5. Direction of $Li^{+}$ movement was correlated with the change in $[Na^{+}]$ but it always moved out of the amniotic sac even when the $[Na^{+}]$ increased in vasopressin injected AF. From the above results, it is suggested that vasopressin in the AF triggers the fetus to urinate, and then the membranes surrounding the AF regulate osmolarity by efflux of $Na^{+}$. We suggest that prolactin facilitates water outflow across the amniotic membrane during increase in AF volume, in contrast to a constant volume, whereas regulation of $[Na^{+}]$ is partly restricted by prolactin.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 전송된 수중통신신호로부터 MMSE(Minimun Mean Squared Error) 기법으로 채널 응답을 추정하고, CFAR(Constant False Alarm Rate) 기법을 이용하여 응답성분의 전력을 기준으로 채널의 지배적인 응답을 자동적으로 구하는 방법을 제안한다. 그리고 표류상태의 송수신단을 이용한 해상실험 데이터로부터 얻은 지배적인 응답에서 응답세기 분포와 위상 변화 그리고 시간 상관도를 산출하여 통계적 특성을 분석한다. 제안된 방법을 이용하여 구해진 통계적 특성을 실제 측정 데이터에 적용했을 때 모든 데이터 구간에서의 채널을 추정하지 않더라도 모든 데이터 구간에서의 채널을 추정하는 경우보다 비트 오류율이 약 1.2배로 차이가 크지 않음을 보였다.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2001

The phase transition behavior isothermal micro-phase separation kinetics of polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer were studied using the synchrotron X-ray scattering(SAXS) method. The structural changes occurring during heating period were investigated by determining the changes of the one-dimensional correlation function, interfacial thickness and Porod constant. Based on the abrupt increases of the domain spacing and interfacial thickness, a major structural change occurring well below the melting transition temperature is suggested. Those changes are explained in terms of melting of the thermodynamically unstable hard domains or/and the interdiffusion of the hard and soft segments in the interfacial regions. SAXS profile changes during the micro-phase separation process were also clearly observed at various temperatures and the separation rate was found to be sensitively affected by the temperature. The peak position of maximum scattering intensity stayed constant during the entire course of the phase separation process. The scattering data during the isothermal phase separation process was interpreted with the Cahn-Hilliard diffusion equation. The experimental data obtained during the early stage of the phase separation seems to satisfy the Cahn-Hilliard spinodal mechanism. The transition temperature obtained from the extrapolation of the diffusion coefficient to zero value turned out to be about 147$\pm$$2^{\circ}$, which is close to the order-disorder transition temperature obtained from the Porod analysis. The transition temperature was also estimated from the inveriant growth rate. By extrapolating the inveriant growth rate to zero, a transition temperature of about 145$\pm$$\pm$$2^{\circ}$ was obtained.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.526-530
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• 1994

본 연구는 자연조건에서 생육된 벼를 수정 후 13일에서 15일에 일정한 환경조건으로 옮긴 다음 공기유입속도의 변화(200-280-360-440 ml/min.)에 따른 벼의 광합성 반응을 알아보기 위하여 진행되었다. 공기유입속도의 변화에 따른 경시적인 광합성반응에서, 기공전도율은 처리 후 초기에 급속히 감소한 다음 일정시간동안 동요되다가 약 1시간에서 1시간30분후에 평형상태에 도달되었다. 이와 유사한 변화는 탄소동화율에서도 찾아 볼 수 있었다. 기공전도율은 공기유입속도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였는데, 그 감소율은 탄소동화율에서 나타나는 감소율과 일치되는 경향이었다. 공기의 흐름을 분당 440 ml로 하여 전분이 축적되는 기간동안 처리하였을 경우, 전분덩어리들 간의 결합구조가 느슨하며 전분덩어리를 횡단하였을 경우에는 미세한 구멍이 발생됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상에서 알 수 있는 것은 공기유입속도의 증가에 따른 기공전도율과 탄소동화율은 상호간 관계가 밀접함을 알 수 있으며 공기유입속토의 증가는 광합성과정에서 $CO_2$흡수 및 광합성의 최종산물인 전분구조에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1988

1% 희석 쌀전분 용액의 노화 특성을 호화후 $5^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 고찰하였다. 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 노화도도 증가하였는데 그 증가하는 정도는 노화 초기에 가장 현저한 반면 노화가 진행됨에 따라 감소하였다. 추정 전분의 노화특성을 Avrami식으로 해석하여 노화기작을 살펴본 결과 Avrami지수, 속도상수, 시간상수는 각각 0.96, 0.21 $days^{-1}$, 4.77 days 였다. 이때 Avrami지수가 단위치(n=1)에 접근하므로 희석 쌀전분 용액은 즉각적인 핵형성에 이은 간상구조의 생성에 의하여 노화가 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. 주사 전자 현미경에 의하여 노화과정을 관찰한결과 노화기간이 경과함에 따라 생전분과는 다른 형태의 3차원 결정구조가 형성됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국토양동물학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.119-123
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• 2000

변온조건이 파밤나방 (Spodoptera exigua (H bner)) 유충과 영의 발육에 미치는 영향이 분석되어졌다. 정온조건에서 사육하였을 때 발육영점온도는 발육태와 유충영기에 따라 다르지만 평균 13$^{\circ}C$로 추정되었다. 이 발육영점온도를 기준으로 동등한 일일유효온도를 갖는 세 가지 다른 발육 온도조건을 설정하였다. 정온조건에 비해 변온조건은 발육속도를 뚜렸하게 변화시켰다. 동일한 최고온도(2$0^{\circ}C$)를 가졌던 두 가지 일일 변온조건중에서 저온기간이 상대적으로 높았던 조건(1$0^{\circ}C$)은 발육속도를 촉진시킨 반면 저온기간의 온도가 낮았던 조건(5$^{\circ}C$C)은 오히려 저해효과를 나타냈다.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.125-150
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• 2014

Accelerated life tests (ALTs) are extensively used to determine the reliability of a product in a short period of time. Test units are subject to elevated stresses which yield quick failures. ALT can be carried out using constant-stress, step-stress, progressive-stress, cyclic-stress or random-stress loading and their various combinations. An ALT with linearly increasing stress is ramp-stress test. Much of the previous work on planning ALTs has focused on constant-stress, step-stress, ramp-stress schemes and their various combinations where the stress is generally increased. This paper presents an optimal design of ramp soak-stress ALT model which is based on the principle of Thermal cycling. Thermal cycling involves applying high and low temperatures repeatedly over time. The optimal plan consists in finding out relevant experimental variables, namely, stress rates and stress rate change points, by minimizing variance of reliability function with pre-specified mission time under normal operating conditions. The Burr type XII life distribution and time-censored data have been used for the purpose. Burr type XII life distribution has been found appropriate for accelerated life testing experiments. The method developed has been explained using a numerical example and sensitivity analysis carried out.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2020

A down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) bioreactor was operated for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The Stover-Kincannon model was applied for kinetic evaluation of the reactor performance during the operational period. As a result, the coefficient of determination (R²) for straight lines of effluent concentration from the experimental data and from the predictive data of BOD₅; NH₄⁺-N; and TN were 0.9727; 0.9883; and 0.9934, respectively. The calculation of saturation value constant (Umax - g L^-1 d^-1) and maximum utilization rate constant (KB - g L-1 d-1) were 56.818 and 75.034 for BOD₅; 2.960 and 4.713 for NH₄⁺-N; 2.810 and 8.37 for TN, respectively. The study suggests that Stover-Kincannon model can be used for effective evaluation of kinetic removal of BOD₅; NH₄⁺-N; and TN from domestic wastewater treated in a DHS bioreactor.