• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.323-333
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to development and measure validity and reliability of evaluation tool for clinical nursing practice competency of Nursing students. Method: The participants in this study were 568 nurses who had worked for more than three years above in hospitals. A questionnaire of 79 items was administered to the nurses using a convenience sampling method. The data were collected from Sep. 12th, to Oct. 20th, 2004. Result: The derived outcome tool consisted of 6 factors of direct nursing actions and 6 factors of indirect nursing actions on the basis of 79 items. The 6 factors in direct nursing actions accounted for 76.84% of the variance and 6 factors in indirect nursing actions accounted for 79.68% of the variance on total scale. As a result of the item analysis, 79 items were selected and the internal consistency alpha coefficient was .9917. The value of Cronbach' alpha of direct nursing actions was .9640, indirect nursing actions was .9550. Conclusion: The results of this study show that useful application to the evaluation tool of clinical practice competency of Nursing students and further studies need to be done to verify clinical practice educational evaluation.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.130-142
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Pain in Older Adults Knowledge Survey (K-POAKS) to assess knowledge of pain in older adults including people with dementia for use in long-term care hospital nurses. Methods: Survey data were collected from a convenience sample of 179 nurses who have worked in long-term care hospitals in B, D and U cities. The Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 for internal consistency for test reliability was conducted. The content, criterion-related and construct validity were evaluated using SPSS/WIN 22.0. Results: The KR 20 was .75 and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was a range of 0.84~1.00. The criterion-related validity was positively correlated with attitudes (r=.28, p<.001) and performance (r=.21, p=.004). The construct validity of K-POAKS was analyzed by conducting the principal component method using the exploratory factor analysis varimax rotation, and seven factors were derived above the eigenvalue of 1.0. The seven factors explained 58.5% of the total variation. Conclusion: The Korean version of the POAKS showed satisfactory internal reliability, content validity, criterion-related validity and construct validity. These results suggest that the K-POAKS could be used as a suitable tool to measure the knowledge of the aged people's pain, including that of dementia patients for long-term care hospital nurses.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.271-283
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a scale measuring the Tae-Wom in nurses. Methods: The initial items were based on an extensive literature review and in-depth interviews with seven nurses with varied careers. Thirty-five items were derived from a pilot survey. Data were collected from 196 hospital nurses, and analyzed to identify items of the scale as well as to verify the exploratory factor analysis, reliability, and validity of the scale. Results: The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that six factors contained 26 items and 65.2% of the total explained variance. These six factors comprised negative behavior exhibited by the Tae-Wom recipient, personal character of the Tae-Wom giver, personal character of nursing unit managers, work attitude of the Tae-Wom giver, overwhelming workload, and unskilled relationships. Furthermore, convergent and discriminant validity testing verified these items. The internal consistency reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's α= .93), and Cronbach's α for each factor ranged from .62 to .90. Conclusion: The developed Tae-Wom scale will serve as a tool for verifying the Tae-Wom state in nursing organizations. Therefore, this scale is expected to mitigate the negative effects of the Tae-Wom.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.525-537
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and test a reward scale for hospital nurses. Methods: The initial items were identified through a literature review and focus group interviews with ten hospital nurses. The content validity of the items was evaluated by ten experts. Fifty-one items were derived from the pilot survey. Four hundred eighty-eight nurses participated in the study: 248 for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 240 confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data were analyzed using item analysis, EFA, CFA, convergent validity, known-group validity, and internal consistency using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0 and IBM SPSS AMOS 29.0. Results: The final scale consisted of 31 items and eight factors (decent wage, opportunity to grow and develop, support for special situations, various benefits, flexibility of work, job-related achievement, reflecting career and performance, and recognition), which explained 67.3% of the total variance. The eight-subscale model was validated by CFA. Convergent validity was evaluated by analyzing correlation with intention to leave (r = - .63, p < .001) and job satisfaction (r = .54, p < .001). The known-group validity was evaluated by comparing the reward scales according to age, clinical career, income level and hospital type. The scale was found to be reliable with a Cronbach's α of .89. Conclusion: Both the validity and reliability of the reward scale for hospital nurses are verified, which can enhance the understanding of the range of rewards and may assist nurse managers in establishing an effective reward system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1726-1734
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• 1998

This paper focuses on the unsteady close-contact melting phenomenon occurring between a phase change material kept at its melting temperature and a flat surface on which constant heat flux is imposed. Based on the same simplifications and framework of analysis as the case of constant surface temperature, an approximate analytical solution which depends only on the liquid-to-solid density ratio is successfully derived. In order to keep consistency with the known solution procedure, both the dimensionless wall heat flux and the Stefan number are properly redefined. The obtained solution proves to agree quite well with the published numerical data and to be capable of resolving the fundamental features of unsteady close-contact melting, especially in the presence of the solid-liquid density difference. The density ratio directly affects the film growth rate and the initial value of solid descending velocity, thereby controlling the duration of unsteady process. The effects of other parameters can be evaluated readily from the steady solution which is implied in the normalized result. Since the dimensionless surface temperature for the present boundary condition increases from zero to unity along the evolution path of the liquid film thickness, the unsteady process lasts longer than that for the case of isothermal heating.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.613-630
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a scale measuring the Patient-Centered Nursing Culture (PCNC) and provide a basic tool to improve PCNC in Korea. Methods: A conceptual framework and construct factors were extracted through extensive literature review and in-depth interviews with nursing professionals. In total, 59 items were derived based on the pilot survey. Data were collected from 357 nurses working at general hospitals and analyzed for verifying the reliability and validity of the scale. Results: Nine factors containing 54 items were extracted from the exploratory factor analysis to verify the construct validity. The nine factors were top management leadership, policy and procedure, education and training, middle management leadership, supportive teamwork, nursing workplace environment, professional competence, patient-centered nursing activity, and nurses' values. These items were verified by convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity testing. The internal consistency reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.96$). Conclusion: The developed PCNC scale is expected to be used as the tool for the development of theory and improvement of PCNC, the empirical testing for cause and effect of PCNC, the development of interventions, education and training programs for improving PCNC, and indicators for evaluation or accreditation of hospital service quality.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.873-885
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• 1995

The local structural and thermodynamical properties of blends A-B/H of a diblock copolymer A-B and a homopolymer H are studied using the polymer reference interaction site model (RISM) integral equation theory with the mean-spherical approximation closure. The random phase approximation (RPA)-like static scattering function is derived and the interaction parameter is obtained to investigate the phase transition behaviors in A-B/H blends effectively. The dependences of the microscopic interaction parameter and the macrophase-microphase separation on temperature, molecular weight, block composition and segment size ratio of the diblock copolymer, density, and concentration of the added homopolymer, are investigated numerically within the framework of Gaussian chain statistics. The numerical calculations of site-site interchain pair correlation functions are performed to see the local structures for the model blends. The calculated phase diagrams for A-B/H blends from the polymer RISM theory are compared with results by the RPA model and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our extended formal version shows the different feature from RPA in the microscopic phase separation behavior, but shows the consistency with TEM qualitatively. Scaling relationships of scattering peak, interaction parameter, and temperature at the microphase separation are obtained for the molecular weight of diblock copolymer. They are compared with the recent data by small-angle neutron scattering measurements.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.83-90
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to develop a series of trend analysis models for industrial water consumption and to propose a blueprint for the integration of the developed models with GIS. For the consumption data acquisition, a real-time sensing technique was adopted. Data were transformed from the field equipments to the management server in every 5 minutes. The data acquired were substituted to a polynomial formula selected. As a result, a series of models were developed for the consumption of each day. A series of validation processes were applied to the developed models and the models were finalized. Then the finalized models were transformed to the average models representing a day's average consumption or an average daily consumption of each month. Demand pattern analyses were fulfilled through the visualization of the finally derived models. It has founded out that the demand patterns show great consistency and, therefore, it is concluded that high probability of demand forecasting for a day or for a season is available. Also proposed is the integration with GIS as an IT tool by which the developed forecasting models are utilized.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.35-44
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find the bi-polar adjectives for rural stream landscape evaluation by the semantic differential scale and to suggest the major determinants of visual preference in rural stream landscapes. For this, the bi-polar adjectives for rural stream landscape evaluation was found by the method of the reliability test, and the spatial image was analyzed by the factor analysis. The level of visual preference was measured by slide simulation test, and these data were analyzed by the multiple regression. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows : 1) Of the bi-polar adjectives expressing psychological and physical characteristics, the hi-polar adjectives which demonstrated reliability and consistency run as follows : Bi-polar adjectives expressing psychological characteristics : 'calm-bustling', 'unfamiliar-familiar', 'still-active','depressing-brisk', 'discomfortable-comfortable', 'suppressed-free', 'lifeless-living', 'quiet-noisy', 'unpleasant-pleasant'. Bi-polar adjectives expressing physical characteristics : 'artificial-natural', 'narrow-wide', 'rocky-not rocky', 'desolate-fertile', 'dirty-clean', 'enclosed-open', 'flat-steep', 'not gravelly-gravelly', 'thicketed-not thicketed', 'not weedy-weedy'. 2) Two factors, the harmony and the movement, were derived from the factor analysis for the psychological variables. Three factors, the naturalness, the rock, and the vegetation, were derived from the factor analysis for the physical variables. 3) Rural stream landscape types were classified into four types by the multi-dimensional scaling method. Type III, IV obtained higher rank of visual preference and type I, II obtained lower. 4) For all types, the factors determining the level of visual preference were found to be the harmony, the naturalness, and the vegetation. The visual preference determinants of rural stream landscape need to be considered in improving or restoring the rural stream landscapes.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.583-598
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• 2015

This paper presents derivation of background temperature from geostationary satellite and its validation based on ground measurements and Geographic Information System (GIS) for future use in weather and surface heat variability. This study only focuses on daily and monthly brightness temperature in 2012. From the analysis of COMS Meteorological Data Processing System (CMDPS) data, we have found an error in cloud distribution of model, which used as a background temperature field, and in examining the spatial homogeneity. Excessive cloudy pixels were reconstructed by statistical reanalysis based on consistency of temperature measurement. The derived Brightness temperature has correlation of 0.95, bias of 0.66 K and RMSE of 4.88 K with ground station measurements. The relation between brightness temperature and both elevation and vegetated land cover were highly anti-correlated during warm season and daytime, but marginally correlated during cold season and nighttime. This result suggests that time varying emissivity data is required to derive land surface temperature.