• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Reuse of waste nutrient solution for the cultivation of crops could lead to considerable conservation of water resources, plant nutrients, and water quality. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential for reducing the use of chemical fertilizer in Chinese cabbage cultivation via the reuse of waste nutrient solution as an alternative irrigation resource. METHODS AND RESULTS: The nutrients supplied in the waste nutrient solution consisted of 1474.5, 1285.1, 991.6, and 872.6 mg/L for $K+$, ${NO_3}^-$, $Ca^{2+}$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$, respectively. At 56 days after transplanting (DAT), the leaf length of Chinese cabbage plants irrigated with the waste nutrient solution treatment was significantly higher than that of plants irrigated using a conventional groundwater treatment. Additionally, the leaf width, fresh weight and dry weight of the plants irrigated with the waste nutrient solution were similar or greater than that of plants irrigated with a conventional treatment. Furthermore, the growth of plants treated with the waste nutrient solution +25% fertilizer was the highest among all tested treatments. CONCLUSION(s): These results indicate that the waste nutrient solution can be used as an alternate water resource for crop cultivation. In addition, it can contribute to reduce the fertilizer and to obtain the higher crop yield of Chinese cabbage.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권24호
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• pp.187-213
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• 2003

Sungseonsa Temple site in Chungju city in Chungcheongbuk-doProvince is written in "Goryeosa" as a building for Queen Sinmyeongsunseong, the mother of Gwangjong in AD 954 in Goryeo Dynasty. The museum in Chungcheong University takes charge of the excavation for 3 times from 2000 to 2002 and identified that its construction was carried out till Joseon Dynasty. Among the iron artifacts from the first excavation such as a weeding hoe, a hand knife, a lock, two nails and a plow which had conservation treatments, the sample was collected. Its micro-structure and method of manufacture were investigated. Excavation report for those artifacts has not published yet, therefore, the date of each artifacts is not clearly confirmed. The samples were collected from each part of the objects and then embedded in epoxy resin and etched with nitric acid. The examination of its microstructure is carried out under the microscope and the hardness values were measured by Vickers hardness tester. From the results, some artifacts show different manufacture method sin the each parts. The forming processes of the iron weeding hoe and the iron sickle are similar but the blade of iron weeding hoe was strengthened by carbonization whereas the blade of the iron sickle was done by quenching. The hand knife and the nails were produced through almost same methods and shows similar microstructures. The hand knife seems to be made by repeated beating and folding in low temperature resulting in fine crystallization, but the nail shows large crystallization due to processes in high temperature. Lock is made of white cast iron, that does not show any heat treatment.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2006

Effect of organic-C on immobilization and nitrification patterns in acidic soil was examined during 20 weeks incubation period to verify if organic amendments such as composted material can increase soil retention of N by stimulating microbial immobilization of $NH_4^+$. Four treatments were laid out: control without fertilizer N and glucose (treatment code: S), ammonium sulfate (SN), ammonium sulfate with single glucose at the commencement (0 week) of incubation (SNG), and ammonium sulfate with double glucose at 0 and 4 weeks of incubation (SNGG). Glucose application (SNG) significantly increased microbial immobilization of $NH_4^+$ within 1 week of incubation over SN. Immobilization was followed by remineralization thereafter; however, second-application of glucose (SNGG) restored $NH_4^+$ immobilization. At the same time, nitrification was significantly inhibited by glucose application as indicated by consistently low $NO_3^-$ concentration in SNG and SNGG soils, suggesting that microbial assimilation of $NH_4^+$ is predominant compared to nitrification when available C-source is abundant. These results suggest application of chemical fertilizer-N with organic amendment would have beneficial effect on soil-N retention and environmental conservation by reducing production of $NO_3^-$ which is likely to be lost through leaching or denitrification.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1800-1807
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of different cooling sessions (CSs) as a water conservation strategy on physiological, and production responses and welfare in Holstein Friesian cows during subtropical summer in Pakistan. Methods: Twenty-one cows were subjected to three CS in a completely randomized design. The treatments were: i) eleven hours continuous cooling with sprinklers - control (CNT), ii) four CS, and iii) two CS. The CNT represented the practices of the commercial dairy farms in the area, while the other CSs were used as water reduction strategies. Each CS lasted for 1 h with a 12 min cycle (3 min water on and 9 min off) with a sprinkler flow rate of 1.25 L/min. Results: The average temperature humidity index of the shed and the outside open area were 81.9 and 82.5, respectively. The results showed that both physiological responses were highest in the 2CS group followed by the CNT and the 4CS (p = 0.001). The CNT and 4CS groups had similar milk yield (p = 0.040). The 4CS group had more lying and eating times than the CNT and 2CS groups (p = 0.000). The cortisol level in the 2CS group was 2.0 and 2.2 ㎍/dL more than the CNT and the 4CS groups, respectively (p = 0.000). Conclusion: In conclusion, the 4CS was more efficient in cooling the cows and had better welfare, as it yielded similar milk yield, and better physiological responses than the CNT despite using 90% less water.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2022

Wild garlic (Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum, AVVP) is a nontimber forest product used as an edible and medicinal vegetable. AVVP is usually propagated form offspring bulbs but it takes a long time to harvest. Using tissue culture technology could overcome this problem. This study investigated the optimal conditions for shoot multiplication, root growth, and plant growth by scooping AVVP bulbs. AVVP bulbs harvested from Ulleung Island, Korea, the main producer of AVVP, were surface-sterilized and used for in vitro propagation. Shoot multiplication was performed by the scooping method. More than five multiple shoots were induced from scooped tissue in Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL) medium containing plant growth regulators (PGRs); the maximum number of multiple shoots were induced from scooped tissue in QL medium containing 0.45 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) after 16 weeks of culture. Roots were induced directly at the base of the shoots in all treatments. In vitro rooting depended on the type of PGRs, and the best root-inducing treatment was QL medium containing 9.84 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Plants with in vitro roots were transferred to pots containing artificial soil and successfully acclimatized for 4 weeks. The acclimatized plants showed a survival rate of 80% after 20 weeks and gradually promoted growth depending on the acclimatization period. The results of this study will be of great help to AVVP dissemination through sustainable mass propagation.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 1971

우리나라에서 황폐산지(荒廢山地)를 복구녹화(復舊綠化)하기 위하여 시행(施行)되고 있는 산복공중(山腹工中)에서 가장 Weight를 많이 찾이 하고 있는 산복공작물(山腹工作物)은 입지공(立芝工)인데, 입지공(立芝工)은 상하계단(上下階段) 간사면라지(間斜面裸地)를 식피조성(植被造成)하지 못하는 시공자체(施工自體)의 취약점(脆弱點)을 가지고 있다. 입지공(立芝工)이 가진 이러한 단점(短點)을 보완해결(補完解決)하며, 나아가서 급경사(急傾斜)의 황폐침식(荒廢浸蝕)된 산복(山腹)에 속성식피조성(速成植被造成)을 기(期)할 수 있는 효과적(効果的)인 산복녹화공법(山腹綠化工法)을 개발(開發)하고저, 급경사(急傾斜)의 점토질(粘土質) 토양사면(土壤斜面) (사면장(斜面長) 1.6m)에 특별(特別)히 조립(組立)한 볏짚거적 (피복율(被覆率) 약(約) 70%)을 피복(被覆)하고 볏짚거적덮기공이 지표토양유실량(地表土壤流失量) 및 토양수분함유량(土壤水分含有量)과 식피조성(植被造成)에 미치는 효과(効果)를 측정(測定)(측정기간(測定期間) 5~9월(月))한바 그 결과(結果)는 대체로 다음과 같이 요약(要約)될 수 있다. 1. 볏짚거적덮이공이 지표토양유실방지(地表土壤流失防止)에 미치는 효과(効果): 일(一) 각처리별(各處理別) 지표토양유실량(地表土壤流失量)의 합계량(合計量) (표(表) 3참조)은 파종후무피복구(播種後無被覆區)$T_1$에서 4,651 g/$1.6m^2$, 파종후피복구(播種後被覆區)$T_2$에서 163 g/$1.6m^2$, 그리고 피복후파종구(被覆後播種區)$T_3$에서 2, 891 g/$1.6m^2$로 측정(測定)되어, $T_2$는 $T_1$의 약(約)28.5배(倍), $T_3$의 17.7배(倍), 또 $T_3$는 $T_1$의 약(約) 1.6배(倍)의 지표토양유실방지효과(地表土壤流失防止効果)가 인정(認定)되었다. (표(表) 2, 3 및 4참조) 2. 볏짚거적덮기공이 사면토양수분함유량(斜面土壤水分含有量)에 미치는 효과(効果): 일처리별(一處理別) 지표면평균토양수분함유량(地表面平均土壤水分含有量)은 $T_1$=21.60%, $T_2$=23.04%, $T_3$=22.21%, 또 지표하(地表下)에서의 그것은 $T_1$=23.81%, $T_2$=26.16% 및 $T_3$=24.81%로 측정(測定)되어, 볏짚거적덮기공이 사면토양수분함유량(斜面土壤水分含有量)에 미치는 효과(効果)에 있어서 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. (표(表) 7, 8 및 9 참조) 3. 볏짚거적덮기공이 사면식피조성(斜面植被造成)에 미치는 효과(効果): 일(一) 처리별(處理別) 평균발아본수(平均發芽本數)는 $T_1$=237본(本), $T_2$=246본(本) 및 $T_3$=262본(本)으로 조사(調査)되었으며, 식피율(植被率)(무성기(茂盛期))은 각처리(各處理) 모두 90% 정도(程度)로써 볏짚거적덮기공이 사면식피조성(斜面植被造成)에 미치는 효과(効果)에 있어서는 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 아니하였다. 4. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)해 볼 때에 볏짚거적덮기공은 황폐침식(荒廢浸蝕)된 산복사방공법(山腹砂防工法)으로써 뿐만 아니라 붕양지(崩壤地)와 절개지(切開地)의 사면방호공법(斜面防護工法)으로써 유효(有効)하게 적용(適用)할수 있을것이며, 특(特)히 황폐산지유역(荒廢山地流域)으로부터의 지표토사유실방지상(地表土砂流失防止上) 중요(重要)한 사면녹화공법(斜面綠化工法)이 될 것이다. 5. 본인(本人)은 본(本) 공종(工種)을 새로운 사면녹화공(斜面綠化工)으로써 "볏짚거적덮기공"이라고 호칭(呼稱)하고저 한다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effective genetic resources preservation system using the frozen boar semen. The porcine oocytes were matured for 44 hours in NCSU-23 medium with or without 10% Porcine Follicle Fluid (PFF), 0.5 ${\mu}g/ml$ porcine FSH, 0.5 ${\mu}g/ml$ equine LH, 1.0 ${\mu}g/ml$ 17 $\beta$-estradiol ($E_2$) and 10 ng/ml Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) under mineral oil at $38.5^{\circ}C$ in humidified atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$ in air. After 44 h of culture, the oocytes were inseminated with frozen-thawed semen and fresh semen prepared with mTBM medium for 6 h. Later, set of 50 presumptive zygotes were transferred into 4-well dish (500 ${\mu}l$) of IVC medium. for embryos freezing, slow-freezing and vitrification methods were used as a cryopreservation. Differences among treatments were analyzed using General Linear Model Procedure by SAS Package (version 6.12) differences were considered significant when p<0.05. Following IVF and IVC, the rates of cleavage and blastocysts formation were significantly higher (p<0.05) in hormone supplemented group than that of hormone-free group (25.7 vs, 12.1). The development rates to cleavage and blastocysts were significantly higher in PZM-5 group than NCSU-23 group (60.3%, 46.6% vs 27.4%, 11.1%). Further improvement was achieved when PZM-5 was supplemented with FBS. Cleavage rates was significantly higher in fresh semen source group than frozen semen (66.7% vs 43.7%). However in blastocysts rates was similar two groups. Post-thaw survival rates of embryos were 1.2% and 2.2% in slow-frezing and vitrification groups, respectively. The results of our study suggest that it is still possible to improve the culture conditions and boar semen cryopreservation for enhance reproductive technology and animal genetic resources conservation.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표논문집
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• pp.116-117
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• 2002

보존온도별(5, 25, 35$^{\circ}C$)로 정액과 희석액의 비율(1：1, 1：2, 1：3)을 달리하여 보존시간(1, 3, 6시간)에 따른 정자운동성을 조사한바, 5$^{\circ}C$ 냉장 온도에서는 희석배율에 따른 보존시간별 정자운동성은 차이가 없었으나, $25^{\circ}C$ 상온에서 6시간, 35$^{\circ}C$ 고온에서 3시간 이상 보존할 때 정액과 희석액의 비율이 1：1보다는 1：2 비율에서 정자운동성이 현저히 높게 유지되었다(P<0.05). 온도가 높을수록 1：1 배율보다는 1：2 이상 희석배율을 높여 주었을 때 정자의 운동성을 높게 유지시킬 수 있었다. Skim milk glucose액을 사용하여 닭 정액을 희석한 후 인공수정 하였을 때, 1회 주입정자수를 0.2, 0.4, 1 및 2억으로 하였을 때 각각 90.67, 94.00, 96.00 및 98.67%의 수정율을 나타냈다. 90%이상의 수정율을 얻기 위해서는 0.2억 이상의 정자 주입이 필요하며, 94%이상 안정적인 수정율을 얻기 위해서는 0.4억의 정자가 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.279-283
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• 2013

본 연구는 수확전 수체살포용 1-MCP(Harvista) 처리가 국내 육성품종인 '감홍' 사과의 품질과 저장성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 수체살포용 1-MCP 처리 후 수확시에 과실의 산 함량은 1-MCP 수확 10일전 처리가 무처리에 비하여 높았으나 다른 과실품질 요인들은 차이가 없었다. 그리고 저장동안 '감홍' 사과의 품질변화를 보면 저장기간이 길어질수록 1-MCP 처리 과실들의 경도와 산 함량이 무처리 과실보다 높게 유지되었으나 가용성고형물 함량은 차이가 없었다. 내생 에틸렌 발생량은 수확시에는 처리간 차이가 없이 낮은 에틸렌발생을 보였으나 무처리 과실들은 저장 180일에는 $58.3{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$로 급격히 증가한 반면 1-MCP 처리 과실들은 $18.24{\sim}25.03{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$로 현저히 낮은 발생량을 보였다. 따라서 '감홍' 사과에 수확전 수체살포용 1-MCP 처리가 저장기간동안 과실의 품질을 유지하는데 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.183-186
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• 2005

Cryopreservation has been recognized as a practical and efficient tool for the long-term storage of vegetatively propagated plants. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of slow-freezing techniques on the cryopreservation of potato. In vitro plantlets of the potato genotypes of 'Atlantic', 'Superior’, 'Namseo', 'J138', and 'CTO5-5' were cold acclimated, and the excised axillary buds were precultured, osmoprotected, exposed to plant vitrification solution, frozen slowly to $-40^{\circ}C$ and then rapidly plunged into liquid nitrogen, thawed and finally plated on the regeneration medium. It was found that the higher the sucrose concentrations in the subculture medium of donor plantlets, the higher the survival rates of shoot tips after cryopreservation, and the highest survival (20%) was observed in the medium added with 0.25 M sucrose. As for the effect of cooling, $0.3^{\circ}C/min$ cooling speed showed the highest survival (25%). Different varieties showed different responses over different cryopreservation treatments. Survival rate was increased by slow-freezing technique method as compared with that of the basic cryopreservation method of vitrification alone in the diverse potato genotypes. Leaf and tuber morphologies of potatoes regenerated after cryopreservation using slow freezing technique were similar to those derived from the in vitro stock plantlets.