Available Organic Carbon Controls Nitrification and Immobilization of Ammonium in an Acid Loam-Textured Soil

  • Choi, Woo-Jung (Department of Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Mo (National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Han, Gwang-Hyun (Ecosystem Gas Exchange Team, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences) ;
  • Yoon, Kwang-Sik (Department of Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Jung, Jae-Woon (Department of Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Lim, Sang-Sun (Department of Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kwak, Jin-Hyeob (Department of Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Chonnam National University)
  • Published : 2006.03.30

Abstract

Effect of organic-C on immobilization and nitrification patterns in acidic soil was examined during 20 weeks incubation period to verify if organic amendments such as composted material can increase soil retention of N by stimulating microbial immobilization of $NH_4^+$. Four treatments were laid out: control without fertilizer N and glucose (treatment code: S), ammonium sulfate (SN), ammonium sulfate with single glucose at the commencement (0 week) of incubation (SNG), and ammonium sulfate with double glucose at 0 and 4 weeks of incubation (SNGG). Glucose application (SNG) significantly increased microbial immobilization of $NH_4^+$ within 1 week of incubation over SN. Immobilization was followed by remineralization thereafter; however, second-application of glucose (SNGG) restored $NH_4^+$ immobilization. At the same time, nitrification was significantly inhibited by glucose application as indicated by consistently low $NO_3^-$ concentration in SNG and SNGG soils, suggesting that microbial assimilation of $NH_4^+$ is predominant compared to nitrification when available C-source is abundant. These results suggest application of chemical fertilizer-N with organic amendment would have beneficial effect on soil-N retention and environmental conservation by reducing production of $NO_3^-$ which is likely to be lost through leaching or denitrification.

Keywords

References

  1. Bengtson, P. and Bengtsson, G. (2005) Bacterial immobilization and remineralization of N at different growth rates and N concentrations. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 54, 13-19 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2005.02.006
  2. Shindo, H. and Nishio, T. (2005) Immobilization and remineralization of N following addition of wheat straw into soil: determination of gross N transformation rates by $^{15}N$-ammonium isotope dilution technique. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37, 425-432 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.07.027
  3. Choi, W. J., Jin, S. A., Lee, S. M., Ro, H. M. and Yoo, S.H. (2001) Corn uptake and microbial immobilization of $^{15}N$-labeled urea-N in soil as affected by composted pig manure. Plant Soil 235, 1-9 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011896912888
  4. Chang, S. X. and Preston, C. M. (2000) Understory competition affects tree growth and fate of fertilizer-applied $^{15}N$ in a coastal British Columbia plantation forest: 6-year results. Can. J. Forest Res. 30, 199-1388
  5. Choi, W. J., Chang, S. X. and Hao, X. (2005) Soil retention, tree uptake, and tree resorption of $^{15}NH_4NO_3$ and $NH_{4}^{15}NO_3$ applied to trembling and hybrid aspens at planting. Can. J. Forest Res. 35, 823-831 https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-011
  6. Choi, W. J., Han, G. H., Ro, H. M., Yoo, S. H. and Lee, S.M. (2002) Evaluation of nitrate contamination sources of unconfined groundwater in the North Han River basin of Korea using nitrogen isotope ratios. Geosci. J. 6, 47-55 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02911335
  7. Hadas, A., Kautsky, L. and Portnoy, R. (1996) Mineralization of composted manure and microbial dynamics in soil as affected by long-term nitrogen management. Soil Biol. Biochem. 28, 733-738 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(95)00179-4
  8. Siva, K. B., Aminuddin, H., Husni, M. H. A. and Manas, A. R. (1999) Ammonia volatilization from urea as affected by tropical-based palm oil mill effluent (Pome) and peat. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 30, 785-804 https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629909370246
  9. Choi, W. J., Ro, H. M. and Chang, S. X. (2004) Recovery of fertilizer-derived inorganic-15N in a vegetable field soil as affected by application of an organic amendment. Plant Soil 263, 191-201 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PLSO.0000047726.09394.d3
  10. Han, K. H., Choi, W. J., Han, G. H., Yun, S. I., Yoo, S. H. and Ro, H. M. (2004) Urea-nitrogen transformation and compost-nitrogen mineralization in three different soils as affected by the interaction between both nitrogen inputs. Biol. Fertil. Soils 39, 193-199 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-003-0704-4
  11. Stienstra, A. W., Gunnewiek, P. K. and Laanbroek, H. J. (1994) Repression of nitrification in soils under a climax grassland vegetation. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 14, 45-52 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1994.tb00089.x
  12. Castells, E., Penuelas, J. and Walentine, D. W. (2004) Are phenolic compounds released from the Mediterranean shrub Cistus albidus responsible for changes in N cycling in siliceous and calcareous soils? New Phytol. 162, 187-195 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01021.x
  13. Choi, W. J. and Chang, S. X. (2005) Nitrogen dynamics in co-composted drilling wastes: Effects of compost quality and $^{15}N$ fertilization. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37, 2297-2305 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.04.007
  14. Devevre, O. C. and Horwath, W. R. (2001) Stabilization of fertilizer nitrogen-15 into humic substances in aerobic vs.waterlogged soil following straw incorporation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 65, 499-510 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2001.652499x
  15. Fierer, N., Schimel, J. P., Cates, R. G. and Zou, J. (2001) Influence of balsam poplar tannin fractions on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in Alaska taiga floodplain soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 33, 1827-1839 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00111-0
  16. Mulvaney, R. L. (1996) Nitrogen - inorganic forms. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods, Sparks, D. L., Page, A. L., Helmke, P. A., Loeppert, R. H., Soltanpour, P. N., Tabatabai, M. A., Johnston, C. T. and Sumner, M. E. (eds) pp. 1123-1184, American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
  17. Bremner, J. M. (1996) Nitrogen - total. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods, Sparks, D. L., Page, A. L., Helmke, P. A., Loeppert, R. H., Soltanpour, P. N., Tabatabai, M. A., Johnston, C. T. and Sumner, M. E. (eds) pp. 1085-1121, American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
  18. Jones, J. M. and Richards, B. N. (1977) Effect of reforestation on turnover of $^{15}N$-labeled nitrate and ammonium in relation to changes in soil microflora. Soil Biol. Biochem. 9, 382-390 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(77)90055-4
  19. Rice, C. W. and Tiedje, J. M. (1989) Regulation of nitrate assimilation by ammonium in soils and in isolated soil microorganisms. Soil Biol. Biochem. 21, 597-602 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(89)90135-1
  20. Christie, P. and Wasson, E. A. (2001) Short-term immobilization of ammonium and nitrate added to a grassland soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 33, 1277-1278 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00237-6
  21. Bernal, M. P. and Kirchmann, H. (1992) Carbon and nitrogen mineralization and ammonia volatilization from fresh, aerobically and anaerobically treated pig manure during incubation with soil. Biol. Fertil. Soils 13, 135-141