• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.65-74
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• 2006

This study was attempted to Kinematical characteristics of the Endo $360^{\circ}$El-grip Swing on the horizontal bar. To do this, we selected and analyzed the performance of two athletes who did Endo $360^{\circ}$El-grip Swing in the horizontal bar competition of male artistic gymnastic in the 22nd Universiad Games 2003 Daegu. We drew the conclusions from the kinematical factors that were came out through analyzing three-dimensional cinematography of the athletes' movements, by using two video cameras. In point of analyzing the actual competition situation, it is expected that gymnastics and coaches have the effective informations, and the following conclusion had resulted. 1. When performing Endo $360^{\circ}$El-Grip, the average for entire required time was $1.93{\pm}0.06sec$. The average for descent phase time was $0.24{\pm}0.02sec$, ascent phase time was 0.22${\pm}0.07sec$, connecting phase time was $0.87{\pm}0.07sec$, and El-Grip phase time was $0.61{\pm}0.02sec$. The descent phase need short period of time but however to have a stable performance, ensuring ascent and connecting phase time are needed. El-Grip phase need short period of time to have a stable re-grasp. 2. To have a convenient preparation for El-Grip in descent and ascent phase, lowering CM, and ease up in sway and plunge from the High Bar would make descent and ascent even more faster and would have increase effect in trunk rotation. 3. In descent and ascent phase, if shoulder angle and arm slope is dwindling then it would effect rotation angle so might risk it from hitting a Bar when putting legs in and out. 4. In connecting phase, it requires some time to show stable performance when El-Grip phase is continued by using hip angle which would make trunk rotation angle bigger and make descent and ascent time slower. 5. In El-Grip phase, when doing motions like hand standing. using hip angle more than maximum would make CM even faster and it is stable position while performing.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2008

In 22.9[kV]-y distribution systems, underground cables are provided with 3-wire loop multiple-point ground in which each coaxial-neutral line of the distribution cable lines(A, B, C phases) is 3-wire common grounded at every connecting section. In the underground cable distribution systems, circulating current flows in the coaxial-neutral lines and its magnitude amounts to about $40{\sim}50[%]$ load currents, even though loads are balanced. This paper presents a new ground method to overcome such a problem and a comprehensive analysis in tows of current capacity of power cables, induced voltage of cable sheath, and electromagnetic interference voltage from power cable lines.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

Pupil tracking technologies can be used as an efficient information provider means that provides convenience to the user by connecting with a smart device. In this paper, we measure the distance of user gaze point using the pupil tracking device which produced by Pupil-labs, also shows the experimental result with analyzing accuracy and precision. Based on that the pupil gaze point location which tracked by pupil tracking device is compared with object target in terms of error. Since the mobile pupil tracking device is also one kind of camera, we have to perform the calibration before using the device. Not only generally used 2-dimensional calibration, but also 3-dimensional calibration method is explained. To get the improved accuracy of 2-dimensional calibration result, the 3-dimensional calibration set an imaginary plane and executes the calibration in various 3-dimensional spaces. To show the efficiency of 3-dimensional calibration, we analyze the experimental result. It also introduces various using methods and information that can be obtained through the device.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.10-22
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• 2022

This study analyzed the effects of YouTube comments on belated hit in music chart by focusing on VIDITOR's YouTube channel video called 'BraveGirs_Rollin_comment_Collection'. For this, first of all, it investigated how the comments used by the channel master could achieve storytelling. Moreover, the reason for its popularity hit was researched by analyzing the comments made by users on this video through the 'Tipping point' rules. As a result, it was seen that this video created storytelling by connecting Brave Girls to the story of the Korean army. At the 'Tipping point,' besides, it was revealed that 'the law of the few' is the military, and 'the stickiness factor' is the good image left through Korea's island, 'Baengnyeongdo,' performance. Finally, the rule of 'the power of context' was indicated that it is a difficult reality situation because of COVID-19 and the good situation due to direct communication through the comments of Brave Girls' members and the company.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 2011

Purpose: To correct the upper lip depression after the correction of unilateral cleft lip, autologous grafts such as bone, dermal, fascial grafts and fat injections or alloplastic implants are used. Transplanted bones, dermis and fascia have a tendency to be absorbed and have donor morbidity. Fat injections are absorbed inconsistently and alloplastic implants have problems such as foreign body reactions, protrusions and infections. Authors corrected the upper lip depression using conchal cartilage graft in unilateral cleft lip deformity and the results was analysed with photos. Methods: 26-unilateral cleft lip and 2-microform cleft lip cases, totally 28 cases were performed. Their mean age was 21.89 years. The male and female cases were 12 and 16, respectively. Under anesthesia (general: 18 cases and local: 10 cases), cavum conchae (n=8), cymba conchae (n=16) and whole conchae (n=4) were harvested. Transversely cut the margin of the obtained cartilage, we cut out the most bent portion and put a partial-thickness incision on concave surface in cases of excessive convexity. Then, we performed the onlay graft of the conchal cartilage via scar revision site in unilateral cleft lip and via the reconstruction site of the cupid bow in microform cleft lip. The augmentation of the upper lip was evaluated with photos. Adapting the baseline connecting between the both cheilions as a horizontal standard line, we measured the highest point among the tangents between the upper lip and nose (point a), the lowest point (point c), the middle point between a and c (point b) and the vertical line from the alare (point d) to the horizontal standard line. To assess the postoperative symmetry, we compared cleft side upper lip contour index (%) A,B,C,D=(a,b,c,d)-ch ${\times}$ 100/(ch-ch) and non-cleft side upper lip contour index (%) A',B',C',D'= (a',b',c',d')-ch ${\times}$ 100 / (ch-ch).h) Results: After the surgery, no complication was found except in one case which double layers graft performed in the cleft lip deformity, the lateral portion was protruded. The upper lip contour index, the difference of A and A' were-0.83%, and thus the mild depression was persisted. Difference of B and B', C and C', D and D' were 0.83%, 1.07%, 0.90%. There were statistically significant difference, and thus the depression of upper lip were improved generally. Conclusion: Authors performed the onlay graft of the conchal cartilage in unilateral cleft lip deformity and found that the depression of the upper lip was well corrected except the uppermost part when photogrammetrically analyzed.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.81-91
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• 2008

In this study, data collection delay time generated in bus information system is analysed and improvement on system reliability by minimizing the delay time is suggested. To minimize the data collection delay time (call setup time), factors on data collection phase are analyzed. Each connecting time that it occurs from wireless communication during data collection phase, is selected as a main effective variable and a model for selecting an optimum communication point to minimize the effect of data delay time by each connecting time is suggested. In this model, minimization of the point between the time carrying out wireless communication and vehicle moving time, is calculated and the difference between the bus arrival time and information delivered time to the passenger is reduced. The test results for the proposed model in BIS using a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) communication show that delay time in real system operation has been improved. The minimum data collection delay time based on optimal communication position leads to the better reliability for Bus Information System. This study can be applied to the selection of optimal communication position and detection position instead of empirical methods.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.1 s.40
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• pp.1-15
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• 1993

This study was undertaken to investigate the midline having the least difference between the right and left structures among the lines that had been used in the study of the craniomaxillofacial asymmetry. The sample of this study consisted of twenty six Korean girls(average 18.9 years old) having normal facial appearance and occlusion. On the frontal cephalometric films of the sample, we divided the whole craniomaxillofacial area into four portions, i.e., cranial, upper facial, lower facial, and dental portion. So, we have found the midlines having the least difference in the whole craniomaxillofacial area itself, and in the each divided four portions, furtherly in the other portions from aimed portion. The findings were as follow: 1. In the whole craniomaxillofacial area, the connecting line between crista galli and anterior nasal spine and the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left foramen rotundums were suitable for the midline. 2. In the cranial portion, established all six lines were suitable for midlines. In the other portions, the perpendicular bisection line between both condylion, the line passing the contact point between right and left mandibular central insisiors among the perpendicular lines between right and left mandibular central incisial tips were suitable midlines fer evaluating the asymmetry of cranial portion. 3. In the upper facial portion, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left zygions was the most suitable midline. In the other portions, the line between the crista galli and the most superior point of the odontoid process, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left gonions, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left condylions, and perpendicular bisecting line between right and left foramens rotundum were suitable midlines for evaluating the asymmetry of the upper facial portion 4. In the dental portion, the perpendicular bisecting lines between right and left buccal cusps of both maxillary first molars and between right and left mandibular first molars were suitable midlines. In the other portions, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left landmarks crossing the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone and orbit, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left mental foramens, and the connecting line between crista galli and prosthion were suitable midlines for evaluating the asymmetry of dental portion. 5. In the lower facial portion, the perpendicular bisecting lines between right and left condylions and between right and left gonions were suitable midlines. In the other portions, the line between the crista galli and anterior nasal spine, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left foramen rotundums, and the perpendicular bisecting lines between right and left buccal cusps of both mandibular first molars and between right and left maxillary first molars were suitable midlines for evaluating the asymmetry of the lower facial portion.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 1994

This paper proposed a new method in the implementation of ISDN (integrated services digital network) LAPD (link access procedure on the D-channel) and LAPB (link access procedure on the B-channel) protocols. The proposed method in this paper implement ISDW LAPD protocol through multi-tasking operating system and adopt a kernel part that is changed operating system to target board. The features of implemented system are (1) the para.llel processing of the events generated at each layer, as follows (2) the supporting necessary timers for the implementation of ISDW LAPD protocol from the kernel part by using software, (3) the recommanded SAP (Service Access Point) from CCITT was composed by using port function in the operating system. With the proposed method, the protocols of ISDH layerl, layer2 and layer3 (call control) were implemented by using the kernel part and related tests were carried out by connecting the ISDH terminal simulator to ISDN S-interface system using the ISDN LAPD protocol The results showed that ISDW S-interface terminals could be discriminated by TEI (Terminal Equipment Identifier) assignment in layer 2 (LAPD) and the message transmission of layer 3 was verified by establishing the multi-frame transmission and then through the path established by the LAPD protocol, a user data was tranfered and received on B-channel with LAPB protocol Thererfore, as new efficient ISDN S-interface environment was implemented in the thesis, it was verified that the implemented system can be utilized by connecting ISDW in the future to transfer a medical image data.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.526-534
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• 2001

Purpose : The objective of this study is to ascertain whether the positive exists among the frenum length, the tongue movement and the speech and to present the normal range of tongue movement and guidelines for the choice of surgery, observation if necessary. Materials and Methods : 180 patients were evaluated. We divided 180 patients into 6 group by age. Each group was separated as follows; the age of 2.5-4, 5-6, 7-9, 10-12, 16-18. We measured the frenal length, the range of tongue motion and evaluated the speech so that we really questioned about the positive relationship between the tongue-tie and speech. We let the patient exercise the protrusive both(right, left) laterotrusive superior movement of the tongue. During these movements, we measured the distance between the vermilion border and the tongue tip. We also measured the distance from the tongue tip to the point contacting the upper lip with dorsum of the tongue during the maximal protrusive movement of the tongue. Three linear measurement of the anterior, inferior segment of the tongue including the lingual frenum, are made. These measurements are as follows: 1. Distance A. Free anterior portion of the tongue from the point of frenular insertion to the tongue tip. 2. Distance B. The distance from the initiating point of the lingual frenum to the point connecting the two sublingual carundcles to the lingual frenum perpendicularly. 3. Distance C. The distance from the point contacting the line crossing the sublingual caruncles with the lingual frenum to the terminating point of the lingual frenum. We transform three linear measures into a statistical ratio, A/(A-B+C), representing the length of the free portion of the tongue compared with the total sublingual dimensions. In addition, we assessed the speech through Picture Consonant Articulation Test(PCAT) and tried to find out the relationship between the length of the lingual frenum and speech. Conclusion : As people are born, they have small and restricted tongue. As people grow old, tongue motions are more liberate, and unrestricted and they can speak so freely. Therefore we suggest that until age 5, oral and maxillofacial surgeons postpone the surgery if not urgent, evaluate the maximal lingual motions and PCAT according to this article and observe their changes.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.189-206
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• 2016

A breast model was for the human body was devised by studying a body scan and human body index of a desirable breast type. Thus, when manufacturing various 3D models, these results can accordingly become a fundamental basis for realizing a desirable breast model. This study aims to provide a basic data for designing the cup patterns of brassieres in order to improve the function and wearing comfort. The comfort of three kinds of brassieres were compared: one manufactured by the actual measured size; another manufactured as per the ratio of desirable upper and lower breast lengths; and the third manufactured by the 3D model attained by the desirable human body ratio. In this study, we suggest a process for realizing the desirable breast model using the ratio of bust breadth and waist front length, which are the components for deciding the appropriate position and size of breast, and which are easy to measure. The ideal breast shape is an equilateral triangle formed by connecting the nipple with the center of the clavicle. After deciding the interval between the nipples, this value can be used to configure the locations of nipples by drawing a tangent, with equal length, from the anterior neck point (which is the center of clavicle) to the nipple. Also, since inside points of breast do not exist, the outer point of breast, upper point of breast, and below point of breast on the same plane, and the depths from the nipple point to the respective points, are applied to simulate a 3D image, by modifications along the x, y, and z axes. Depending on the type of breast, the length from the center of shoulder to the nipple, the diameter of breast, upper length of breast, and the position of nipple, are different. In conical or protruding breast, the wearing sensation is better when the nipple point of brassiere was lifted, by modifying the upper and lower lengths of breast. Considering the wearing sensation and function of a brassiere, it was better to leave the wearer's size as it is and use a pad within the same cup, rather than increase the basal area of the breast in order to increase the volume.