• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 2012

In order to resolve transportation system focused on vehicles which have led to all sorts of problems such as traffic congestion, air pollution and so on, Korea recently have tended to center around Transit Oriented Development(TOD) which is capable of initiating public traffic demands. It is imperative to develop objective evaluation method which is able to measure pedestrian environment and amenity in order to facilitate green transit. The purpose of this paper is to present evaluation indices and measurement framework of pedestrian environment by analyzing effect on TOD major planning factors such as diversity, density, design, and supply etc. For this, we applied evaluation index with regard to TOD planning factors, investigating connection to pedestrian and employed AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) so as to quantify the result of measurement in Jongro 3ga and Hangangjin station. As a result, we presented relationship between travel patterns of pedestrian and each TOD planning factor. More importantly, the proposed framework is expected to make the best of the visualization as well as evaluation method for the pedestrian accessibility, convenience of public transportation, and the mixed land-use patterns in subway area and transit center.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.181-190
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• 2017

Population congestion and increasing porosity caused by urbanization and increasing rainfall intensity are the main reasons for urban inundation damage. In order to reduce the damage to urban flooding, it is necessary to take a inundation analysis model that can be considered the topographic impact (i.e., building and road) and simulate the detailed inundation areas. In this study, Grid based Inundation Analysis Model (GIAM) is developed using a two-dimensional shallow water equations. The study area is Gangnam basin, with a surface area of $7.4km^2$, which includes 5 drainage areas such as Nonhyun, Yeoksam, Seocho 1, 2, and 3. EPA SWMM5 is used for simulating the overflows at each manhole. GIAM model is constructed to allow for simulating a inundation area with 6 m grid size. The inundation analysis is conducted in two heavy rainfall events (Sep. 21, 2010 and July 27, 2011) for the model evaluation. The accuracy of the simulated inundation area is calculated 0.61 and 0.57 at POD index using the historical flooded area report. The developed model will be used as a tool for analyzing the flood prone areas based on rainfall scenario, and a tool for predicting the detailed inundation area in the real-time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.17-28
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• 2008

Favorable policies for freight vehicles (i.e., trucks), such as exclusive "Truck-ways," have been proposed, and at the same time restricted policies for freight vehicles have been suggested because transportation of goods by truck aggravates traffic congestion and environmental conditions in urban areas. This study discusses the limitations of assessment processes for freight vehicle route management systems which have been carried out from limited perspectives such as physical distribution efficiency and traffic circulation. The objective of this study is to propose an assessment method of truck route management systems in urban areas which includes more varied criteria. This research modified the two existing assessment indices of physical distribution efficiency and traffic circulation. In addition two new assessment indexes are proposed: (i) exposure indices for population directly influenced by nitrous oxide, a representative pollutant, and (ii) a friction index between trips for attending elementary school and freight vehicle trips. It was found that from the perspective of physical distribution efficiency and traffic circulation, the "before" alternative is better than "after". However, from the aspect of traffic safety and environmental impacts the "after" alternative is better than "before". It is expected that the proposed evaluation method in this study would be useful when identifying reasonable policies for truck route management in urban areas.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 2010

Crytocaryon irritans infection of rock bream was investigated in embankment fish farm from July to December 2009. Prevalence variation was 20.0~88.0% that was high in september and was low in July. While no mortality was found in July and August, it occurred after mid september. Environmental conditions during the survey period were water temperature $19.3{\sim}24.3^{\circ}C$, dissolved oxygen $5.0{\sim}7.1\;mg\;L^{-1}$ and salinity 31.9~33.7 psu, and the water temperature during mortality season was $24.0^{\circ}C$. External symptom of the rock bream was secretion mucus but swimming showed fine in the early infected period. While, the symptoms in the severe outbreak season were excess of mucus, falling off tail and congestion, bleeding spot the surface and weakened swimming. We observed free living and parasitic stages in the gills and body surface of rock bream. Hepato somatic index (HSI) was $1.9{\pm}1.1{\sim}3.5{\pm}1.7%$, which was low in the September being mortality season but was high in November. The percentages of hematocrit infected with Crytocaryon irritans were 37.3% and 41.0% in July and August, respectively while they gradually decreased to 32.1% and 24.2% in september and October, respectively. Total cholesterol and Triglyceride values rapidly decreased by October. After mortality, AST and ALT were 7 and 5 folds higher compared to non-mortality season.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.3-18
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• 2019

Urban sprawl has been criticized due to its negative effects, including the encroachment of farmland and open spaces, the increase in traffic congestion and air pollution, the decline of central city, the decrease in social capital, and the unfairness of tax burdens on infrastructure and public services. This study measures urban sprawl in the capital region of South Korea where the characteristics of urban sprawl have been known to be different from those identified in the U.S. metropolitan areas. In particular, the study examines whether the capital region has experienced the decline of the central city with an expansion of low density residential development in suburban areas. Three measurements, the sprawl index with population density, the ratio of changes in urbanized areas to changes in population, and the population density gradient, were employed to measure urban sprawl, and GIS mapping and descriptive analysis were used to examine the central city decline and the characteristics of development patterns in suburban areas. The results show that the capital region of South Korea is moving to the American style sprawled development with the decline of the central city and an increase of single detached homes in suburban areas, implying that policy makers need to develop growth management strategies to prevent urban sprawl and its negative effects that many U.S. metropolitan areas have suffered from.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.167-175
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• 2019

To effectively deal with the fire in tunnel which is mostly the vehicle fire, it's more important to suppress the fire at early stage. In urban tunnel, however, accessibility to the scene of fire by the fire fighter is very limited due to severe traffic congestion which causes the difficulty with firefighting activity in timely manner and such a problem would be further worsened in underground road (double-deck tunnel) which has been increasingly extended and deepened. In preparation for the disaster in Korea, the range of life safety facilities for installation is defined based on category of the extension and fire protection referring to risk hazard index which is determined depending on tunnel length and conditions, and particularly to directly deal with the tunnel fire, fire extinguisher, indoor hydrant and sprinkler are designated as the mandatory facilities depending on category. But such fire extinguishing installations are found inappropriate functionally and technically and thus the measure to improve the system needs to be taken. Particularly in a double-deck tunnel which accommodates the traffic in both directions within a single tunnel of which section is divided by intermediate slab, the facility or the system which functions more rapidly and effectively is more than important. This study, thus, is intended to supplement the problems with existing tunnel life safety system (fire extinguishing) and develop the remote-controlled automatic fire extinguishing system which is optimized for a double-deck tunnel. Consequently, the system considering low floor height and extended length as well as indoor hydrant for a wide range of use have been developed together with the performance verification and the process for commercialization before applying to the tunnel is underway now.